CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Translation
Translation which is discussed in this chapter will be divided into: Definition of Translation and Types of Translation.
1. Definition of Translation
Translation is not an instant process. It needs work hard and serious attempt of the translator. According to Newmark,
“Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the
text. ”
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Nida and Taber also gave their definition about translation that, “Translating consist in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural
equivalent of the source language meaning, first in term of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
”
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From both of the statement, it can be said that the „meaning‟ is the important
thing of translation. Besides, the „equivalence‟ also becomes key word in translation as stated by Catford that,
“Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language SL, by equivalent textual material to another
language TL.
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Peter Newmark, 1988, A Textbook of Translation, London: Prentice Hall, p. 5.
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Eugene A Nida and Charles R Taber, 1974, The Theory and Practice of Translation, Leiden: EJ Brill, p.12.
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J. C. Catford, 1974, A Linguistic Theory of Translation: An Essay in Applied Linguistic, London: Oxford University Press, p.20.
The three definitions above are taken from various sources. From the definitions above, it can be concluded that translation is a transferring activity
from source language into target language with the closest and natural equivalence in the target language. In the process of translation, equivalence is an important
thing because translating a text is not only changing word by word from one language to another language, but also transferring the meaning of the text. If the
translation has less of equivalence, the meaning of the source language may not be delivered in the target language effectively.
2. Types of Translation