10
have remained fairly constant, pop music has absorbed influences from most other forms of popular music, particularly borrowing from the development of rock
music, and utilizing key technological innovations to produce new variations on existing themes.
20
6. Reggae
Reggae fused elements of North American and African Jamaican music to
form a kind of “acculturated rock” popular in England in the 1960s and in the united states a decade later. Bob Marley 1945 – 1981, a leading Jamaican reggae
performer, became very well known and highly revered in North American. Reggae comes in several styles, all roughly related to rhythm and blues.
Although reggae’s African polyrhythms are more complex, the bass lines stronger, and tempos more relaxed than those of rb. reggae combos consist of
electric guitars, electric organ, electric bass guitar, and drums.
21
7. Punk
Punk is rock styles continued to proliferate as America entered the 1980’s.
A number of new sounds erupted, and important stars altered or adapted their music to suit quickly evolving tastes. Much like the social conditions of the early
sixties that spawned the Beatles, the mid-seventies had produces a crop of young Britisher who were poor, unemployed, and highly resentful of social inequities,
political hypocrisy, and rich rock stars. By the end of that decade, most rock musicians were admittedly performing more for the sake of money than for art,
blatantly adjusting their styles to meet popular demand. Again it essence of rock.
20
http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiPopmusic. Accessed on 12
th
of January 2010
21
Jean Ferris 2002, op. cit. p. 207
11
To rescue rock from succumbing under the weight of its own success, the British
invented punk.
22
8. Rap
Rap , which began as a means of black self-expression in the mid-seventies
and attracted wide attention throughout the next decade, has raised perennial questions about the relationships art, politics, and public morality.
23
9. Folk
Folk music is a kind of traditional music that is handed down from
generations in every culture. This type of music reflects the emotions of common laity. Popular music and tribal music are the two sub genres of folk music. This
folk music shows the social upheaval that lies among various classes of people. This also portrays their struggle for survival and their culture.
24
Folk music is refers to songs and instrumental pieces that appear to have been spontaneously created, or whose origin has been lost or forgotten. Music
written composed in the informal style of traditional folk music also resides in the folk repertory.
25
C. Lyrics
A lyric was a poem sung to the music of a lyre. The earlier meaning – a poem made for singing – is still current today, when we used lyrics to mean the
words of a popular song. Lyric as it is written today: a short poem expressing the thoughts and feelings of a single speaker. Often poet will write a lyric in the first
22
Jean Ferris 2002, op. cit. p. 237
23
Ibid
24
http:www.buzzle.comeditorials5-14-2002-18440.asp accessed on 14
th
of January 2010
25
Jean Ferris 2002, op.cit. p. 18
12
person, but not always. Instead, a lyric might describe an object or recall an experience without the speaker’s ever bringing himself or herself into it.
26
A kind of poetry, generally short, characterized by a musical use of language. Lyric poetry often involves the expression of intense personal emotion.
The elegy, the ode, and the sonnet are forms of the lyric poem.
27
Lyric in music can also be called by song text. Song texts may be in a native language, recently, in English. Some texts are simply a series of consonant
– vowel cluster or vocables – neutral syllables, such as hey, yeh, or neh, which
may in fact convey meaning in themselves. For example, as a part of the Navajo Night Way curing ceremony. Teams of young men compete in the singing of
Yeibichai Yeh-be-chy songs while masked dancer, personifying the sacred spirits of their grandfathers Yei-bi-chai means “spirits-their-grandfathers”, bring
supernatural healing power to help the sick.
28
D. Semiotics
Since Greek antiquity the term Semiotics has been used for “the theory of sign.” Similarly, the majority of term in use today in semiotic discourse can be
traced back to Greek origins or Latin translation of Greek expression. The origins of the theory of signs reach back as far as the sixth century before Christ. The
transition to Semiotics its modern shape took place in the course of the 19
th
century, first of all through Bolzano’s Wissenschaftslehre of 1837 and then, Since 1867, primarily through the work of the American logician, mathematician,
scientist, and philosopher Charles Sanders Pierce. Today Pierce 1839-1914
26
X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia, An Introduction to Poetry, New York: Pearson Longman, 11
th
edition, p. 260
27
http:www.answers.comtopiclyrics. Accessed on 26
th
of October 2009
28
Jean Ferris 2002, op.cit. p. 11
13
ranks as the chief founder of modern Semiotics. On the basis of the foundations of Semiotics which he laid, the further development of Semiotics as the science of
signs has taken place. In the meantime it has become a basic science of central importance, following the realization that behind logic and linguistics there is still
another foundation. This foundation is the sign qua sign, without which no representation or communication in any form whatever is possible.
29
1. Semiotic elements
