BAB 2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 MBTI: Myers–Briggs Type Indicator
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Uji kepribadian MBTI yang merupakan singkatan dari Myers–Briggs Type Indicator, adalah suatu indikator kuesioner psikometrik yang didesain khusus
untuk mengukur kepribadian seseorang. Uji kepribadian MBTI ini diciptakan oleh Katharine Cook Briggs dan Isabel Briggs Myers yang berdasarkan teori
Carl Gustav Jung dan pertamakalinya dipublikasikan dalam bukunya yang berjudul Psychological Types pada tahun 1921. Jung memiliki teori bahwa ada
4 prinsip fungsi psikologi yang bisa kita rasakan di dunia: sensasi sensation, intuisi intuition, perasaan feeling dan pemikiran thinking.
Dalam penelitiannya kepada orang-orang dan memahami teori Jung, Myers menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat 4 tipe utama yang membedakan orang
satu dengan orang lainnya.Ia membagi 4 tipe utama menjadi 2, yakni proses mental dan proses orientasi, dimana ia menyebutnya sebagai preferensi.
Preferensi mental pertama adalah bagaimana orang “merasa” atau mendapatkan informasi. Dalam Myers-Briggs Type Indicator – Kode MBTI
ini terdapat pada huruf ke-2.
Gambar 2.1 Preferensi mental pertama MBTI
Those who prefer Sensing Perception favor clear, tangible
data and information that fits in well with their direct here- and-now experience.
In contrast, those who prefer Intuition Perception are drawn
to information that is more abstract, conceptual, big-picture, and represents imaginative possibilities for the future.
Preferensi mental kedua mengidentifikasikan bagaimana orang-orang “menentukan” sebuah keputusan.Dalam Myers-Briggs Type Indicator – Kode
MBTI ini terdapat pada huruf ke-3. Gambar 2.2 Preferensi mental kedua MBTI.
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Those who prefer ThinkingJudgment have a natural
preference for making decisions in an objective, logical, and analytical manner with an emphasis on tasks and results to
be accomplished.
Those whose preference is for Feeling Judgment make their decisions in a somewhat global, visceral, harmony and value-
oriented way, paying particular attention to the impact of decisions and actions on other people.
Preferensi orientasi mental pertama adalah orientasi energi kesadaran diri terhadap dunia luar,Dalam Myers-Briggs Type Indicator – Kode MBTI ini
terdapat pada huruf ke-1.
Gambar 2.3 Preferensi orientasi mental pertama MBTI
Those who prefer Introversion draw their primary energy
from the inner world of information, thoughts, ideas, and other reflections. When circumstances require an excessive
amount of attention spent in the outside world, those preferring Introversion find the need to retreat to a more private setting as if to
recharge their drained batteries.
In contrast, those who prefer Extraversion are drawn to the outside world as their elemental source of energy. Rarely, if
ever, do extraverted preference people feel their energy batteries are drained by excessive amounts of interaction with the
outside world. They must engage the things, people, places and activities going on in the outside world for their life force.
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Preferensi orientasi mental kedua adalah bagaimana mental seseorang ditentukan berdasarkan pengorganisasian diri.Dalam Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
– Kode MBTI ini terdapat pada huruf ke-4. Gambar 2.4 Preferensi orientasi mental keempat
Those who
prefer Judging rely upon
either
their T or Fpreference to manage their outer life. This typically leads to a style oriented towards closure,
organization, planning, or in some fashion managing the things and or people found in the external environment. The drive is to order the
outside world. While some people employ an assertive manner, others ordering touch - with respect to people - may be light.
Those who prefer Perceiving rely upon either their S or Npreference to run their outer life. This typically
results in an open, adaptable, flexible style of relating to the things and people found in the outside world. The drive is to
experience the outside world rather than order it; in general lack of closure is easily tolerated.
2.2 16 Tipe Kepribadian MBTI
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