kewarganegaraan di kemudian hari dengan melarang penarikan atau pencabutan kewarganegaraan dari warga negara-baik melalui penurunan, penolakan, atau
perampasan kewarganegaraan – yang ketika dilakukan akan menghasilkan status tanpa kewarganegaraan. Akhirnya, Konvensi ini menginstruksikan negara untuk
menghindari status tanpa kewarganegaraan dalam konteks pengalihan wilayah.
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9. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination
Ditetapkan melalu Resolusi Majelis Umum 2106 XX 21 Desember 1969, mulai berlaku pada 4 Januari 1969. Konvensi ini menuntut negara untuk
menjamin hak setiap orang, tanpa membeda-bedakan warna kulit, ras, asal usul kebangsaan atau etnis untuk kesetaraan dalam hukum, dan menikmati hak-hak
yang ada dengan sepenuhnya, seperti hak politik untuk ikut serta dan berpartisipasi dalam pemilihan umum, termasuk juga hak atas kewarganegaraan
yang termasuk dalam hak sipil yang dijamin pada konvensi ini. Ketentuan ini dituangkan pada pasal 1 dan 5 yang berbunyi:
Article 1 1. In this Convention, the term “racial discrimination” shall mean any
distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of
nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the
political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life.
2. This Convention shall not apply to distinctions, exclusions, restrictions or preferences made by a State Party to this Convention between
citizens and non-citizens. 3. Nothing in this Convention may be interpreted as affecting in any way
the legal provisions of States Parties concerning nationality, citizenship
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Introductory Note by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, on the Text of the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
or naturalization, provided that such provisions do not discriminate against any particular nationality.
Article 5 In compliance with the fundamental obligations laid down in
article 2 of this Convention, States Parties undertake to prohibit and to eliminate racial discrimination in all its forms and to guarantee the right
of everyone, without distinction as to race, colour, or national or ethnic origin, to equality before the law, notably in the enjoyment of the
following rights:
c Political rights, in particular the right to participate in elections – to vote and to stand for election – on the basis of universal and equal
suffrage, to take part in the Government as well as in the conduct of public affairs at any level and to have equal access to public service;
d Other civil rights, in particular: ... iii The right to nationality;
10. Convention on the Rights of the Child in Islam
