F. The Significance of the Study
The result of this study is expected to be useful to give benefit both theoretically and practically:
1. For the teachers
This study is expected to give information about the appropriate techniqueinstruction in teaching tenses, especially simple present tense.
2. For the students
This study is expected to help them in improving their understanding about the usage of simple present tense. Thus, they can use simple
present tense in their sentences properly. 3.
For other researchers The result of this study is expected to give other resources of the studies.
This study can help them in conducting the related research.
5
CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Simple Present Tense
1. The Concept of Simple Present Tense
Grammar is one of the important aspects in sub-skills that should be learned. Fatel
and Jain stated that “Grammar is a scientific statement of the principles of good usage which concerns with the relation of words in the
sentence”.
1
Learning grammar can help students to be able to make good sentences with using the appropriate usages of words. It can also help them in
creating better sentences to communicate with others in speaking or writing. One of the scopes which are included in grammar is tense. Tense is
used to know when the activity happens. There are many kinds of tenses in English; one of them is simple present tense.
Simple present expresses the habitual events or situations that exist always, usually, habitually; they exist now, have existed in the past, and
probably will exist in the future.
2
Simple present is used in expressing our activities habitually, or explaining people that exist in our life, or describing
the things around us.
There are concords in making sentences of simple present tense. According to Leech and Starvick, “Grammatical concord means that certain
grammatical items agree with each other”.
3
Concord is also called as agreement. Concord or agreement is used to distinguish both singular and
plural of the subject and also to make the verbs agree as the subjects in
1
M.F. Patel and Praveen M. Jain, English Language Teaching, Methods, Tools and Techniques, Jaipur: Sunrise, 2008, p. 141.
2
Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding and Using English Grammar, Third Edition, New York: Longman, 1999, p. 2.
3
Geoffrey Leech and Jan Svartvik, A Communicative Grammar of English, Third Edition, London: Pearson, 2002, p. 273.
number.
4
Indeed, it is needed to know the concords in making sentences of simple present tense.
2. The Form of Simple Present Tense
a. Affirmative Statement
Affirmative statement in simple present tense is formed by adding –s or –es at ending of the verb for the third singular person; he, she, it as
Cowan stated that simple present is formed –s inflections on the verbs of
the third person singular
5
, but for the first or second singular or plural person do not need to add
–s or –es at ending of their verb. The formulas as follows:
Firstsecond singularplural person
Third singular person For example:
1 I read a novel everyday.
2 You read a novel everyday.
3 We read a novel everyday.
4 They read a novel everyday.
5 He reads a novel everyday.
6 She reads a novel everyday.
There are three forms of the present form of to be; am, are, and are. These forms are used to substitute verb, or usually called as a nominal
sentence. Nominal sentence is a sentence that has no verb. It is replaced by describing the complement of sentence. The complement of sentence
is usually a noun, an adjective, or an adverb of place or time. The formula is:
4
Ann Cole Brown, et.al, Grammar and Composition, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Engish, 1984, p. 144.
5
Ron Cowan, The Teacher’s grammar of English A Course Book and Reference Guide, New
York: Cambridge University Press, 2008, p. 357.
Subject + Verb1 + .... Subject + Verb1ses + ....
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