An Analysis Of Passive Voice Found In The Inside Sumatra Magazine

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AN ANALYSIS OF PASSIVE VOICE FOUND IN THE INSIDE

SUMATERA MAGAZINE

A THESIS

BY

FRISKAWATI SIMANJUNTAK

REG. NO. 100721020

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN

2012

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AN ANALYSIS OF PASSIVE VOICE FOUND IN THE INSIDE

SUMATERA MAGAZINE

A THESIS

BY

FRISKAWATI SIMANJUNTAK

REG. NO. 100721020

SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR

Drs. Chairul Husni, M.Ed. TESOL Drs. Bahagia Tarigan, MA

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2012

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Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.

Head, Secretary,

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M. Hum

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Accepted by the Board Examiners in the partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of

Cultural Studies university of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on ……….

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara

Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA NIP.10511013 197603 1 001

Board of Examiners

(Name) (Signature)

……….. ………

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I FRISKAWATI SIMANJUNTAK DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Signed :

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAMA : FRISKAWATI SIMANJUNTAK

TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF PASSIVE VOICE FOUND IN THE INSIDE SUMATERA MAGAZINE

QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

SIGNED :

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to thank God for blessing me to complete this thesis as the requirement to get Sarjana Degree from English Department, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara. Thanks God for all of your kindness and your love.

I would like to thank The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA. I would like also to thank the Head of English Department Dr. Muhizar Muchtar.MS and The Secretary of English Department Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum. Special thanks also goes to my Supervisor Drs. H. Chairul Husni, M.Ed. TESOL for his support, suggestions and his willingness to share time in correcting throughout the preparation of this thesis during the period of doing this thesis. Then I would like to thank my co-supervisor Drs. Bahagia Tarigan,. MA, who helped me to read and check the thesis. I also express my sincere gratitude to all my lecturers for their valuable knowledge, guidance, and advice during my study. Also thanks to Mr. Ponisan and Mr. Amran for their helping in administration matter.

In this opportunity, I would like like to express my deepest gratitude to my beloved parents, U. Simanjuntak and my mother E. Manihuruk for their motivations including advices, support, materials, and encouragements during my study. I would like to thank my brothers Pandapotan Simanjuntak and Chandry Simanjuntak. I also would like to thank my dear sisters Elfrida Simanjuntak and Christina Simanjuntak. I also would like to thank my special friend Beslon Siantury for your motivation, always accompany and help me to finished my thesis. I love you all.

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A great thanks also goes to all of my wonderful friends, Melati, Florence, Ruth Yuun, Elin, Prita, Ratna Kumala Adjie, Andre Sitepu, Erniwati, Budi Marpaung and other friends for making my day more colourful during my 2 years study in this faculty and the whole friends in the campus.

And a great thanks also go to my best friends Sandry Simanjuntak, Wati, Susi and Dasia, Jack Tarigan, Oktri, Karo, Ujek, Linda, Lusi for their motivation. Thanks for being such nice friends and supporting me. Lets keep our friendship forever.

Finally, I realize that my thesis still is far from perfect. Therefore, advice, constructive critics and suggestions aiming at this thesis will be warmly welcomed, and highly appreciated.

Medan, August 2012

The writer

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ABSTRAK

Skripsi ini berjudul An analysis of Passive Voice found on the magazine of the Insede Sumatera. Penulis membahas tentang analisis tata bahasa yang berkenaan dengan penggunaan passive voice dalam suatu kalimat. Dalam analysis ini permasalahan dibatasi pada klasifiksi kalimat pasif yang tedapat pada majalah, mencoba tahu mengapa kalimat itu digunakan, tenses yang digunakan dalam kalimat Passive voice tersebut dan terakhir mencari kalimat pasif yang dominan digunakan pada pada majalah. Majalah yang dianalisis adalah The Inside Sumatera edisi February 2009 dan Oktober 2010. Dalam penulisan skripsi ini, metode yang digunakan adalah metode kepustakaan yaitu data tertulis yang diambil dari majalah Inside Sumatera.

Dari analysis yang dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa terdapat 123 kalimat pasif yang 103 (83,7 %) kalimat pasif tersebut di klasifikasikan pada Non – Agentive Pasif, 53 (43,1 %) kalimat pasif tersebut menggunakan Past Tense sebagai tensesnya, dan kalimat pasif yang dominan dipakai dari majalah tersebut adalah kalimat Regular pasif 90 (73,2 %) atau kalimat pasif yang menggunakan kata kerja bentuk III (Past Participle) yang Regular.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACNOWLEDGEMENT………. i

ABSTRAK……… iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS……… iv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION……….... 1

1.1Background of the study………... 1

1.2Problem of the study……….. 2

1.3Objectives of the study……….. 3

1.4Scope of the study……….. 3

1.5Significances of the study……….. 4

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE……….. 5

2.1 The Explanation of Passive Voice……… 5

2.1.1 Transitive And Intransitive Verbs………. 7

2.1.2 Direct and Indirect Object……….. 10

2.1.3 Auxiliary Verb ‘be’……….. 12

2.1.4 The Past Participle………... 13

2.2 The Classification of Passive Voice……….. 15

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2.4 The Uses of Passive Voice………. 22

CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH………. 25

3.1 Research Design………. 25

3.2 Data Collection………... 25

3.3 Data Analyzing………... 26

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING……… 27

4.1 Analysis………... 27

4.2 Finding……… 68

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS………. 70

5.1 Conclusions……… 70

5.2 Suggestions………. 71

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ABSTRAK

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Background of Study

Language is a means of communication. Communication can only take place successfully if the means of communication is agreed upon by its users. As human beings, we rely upon language in carrying out almost all of our activities. We know that society could not exist without language. Language is a human activity performed in time and space, and in almost constant interaction of one human being with other. Sapir (1949 : 8) cites “language is purely human and non instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, desires by means of systems of voluntary produced symbols. “It means language is a systematical means of communicating ideas or feeling by the used of signs, gestures, or marks having understood meaning and it is used when we interact with other people in social group or society.

Language is not only a means we use, it is also a reflection of our thought, our hopes and our values. As we play our various roles – as student, as son or daughter, and soon – observe how people in various occupations and situations use English in somewhat different ways. Observe too, that language varies according to the purpose for which it is being used. The users of language are constantly uttering new sentences that they have never uttered before and interpreting utterances that they have never heard before, either in spoken or written language.

In English, we recognize two kinds of sentences, those are active and passive voice sentences. In this thesis, the writer wants to analyze about the passive voice

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because she considers that the problem in passive voice still need to be explained and moreover, the passive voice is often used in a daily conversation either in formal or informal language. The passive voice is used more frequently in written than spoken English. It is usually found in text books, scientific, business, technical report, government report and in magazines. However, in spoken language, it is used quite frequently in television and radio news report and in commercials. In a passive voice sentences, we want to emphasize the action, what happened rather than who and what performs the action.

As we know, passive voice is usually used in form all languages. One of the formal languages that we can find in our daily life is the language which is used in magazines. In addition, magazines show economic and social phenomenon of our society. They are major forces in forming public opinion of the world and this mightily affects national and international efforts toward economic progress and global understanding.

There are many magazines both English and Indonesian magazines that we can find in Indonesia. One of them is “The Inside sumatera”. It is a well known magazine which is published every month in Indonesia as the alternative English magazine. It contains the news about Tourism in Sumatra.

1.2 The Problems of Study

The problems of study are :

a. The classification of the passive voice sentences found on the magazine of The Inside Sumatra magazine.

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b. The use of the passive voice sentences found the magazine. c. The dominant passive sentences that are used in the magazine.

1.3 The Objective of Study

This thesis has three objectives based on the problems, they are :

a. To classify the passive voice sentences used in the magazine “Inside Sumatra”.

b. To describe the uses of passive voice found on the magazine.

c. To find out the dominant passive voice sentences which are in used in the magazine of : The Inside Sumatra”.

1.4 The Scope of Study

In this thesis, the writer limits the discussion of the problems as specific as possible on the title. Thus, it will be better by making limitation to analyze the passive voice. Passive voice is one of the most important parts of grammar. Passive voice is classified into two parts, they are: agentive passive and non-agentive passive. Therefore, the scope of writing in this thesis is about passive voice are found in Inside Sumatera Magazine.

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1.5 The Significance of Study

To make this thesis useful for others, some significance could be drawn as follow :

a. To develop the writer’s knowledge on grammar especially about passive voice .

b. To make the non – native speaker of English understand passive voice especially in this regard.

c. To be a reference for the readers who want to learn about English grammar especially about passive voice.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 The Explanation of Passive Voice

When one wants to talk about the passive voice, one should know some aspects required in passive construction. These aspect are generally found in the construction of passive voice, such as :

a. Transitive and Intransitive verbs. b. Direct and Indirect Object. c. Auxiliary verb “be”. d. The Past Participle.

It is difficult to turn active voice if one does not know the meaning of voice. Wren and Martin ( 1983 : 92 ) says : “Voice is that form of a verb which shows whether what is denoted by the subject does something or has something done it….”

By looking at this definition, it can be stated that there are two voices in English verbs that denote whether the subject does something or receives something done by something else, Wren and Martin ( 1983 : 92 ) states :

“When the verb shows that the person denoted by the subject does something, we say the verb is in the active voice, when the verb shows that something is done to the person denoted by the subject, we say the verb is in the passive voice….”

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For example :

a. She waters the flowers. b. James watches the movie. c. The boy beats the dog.

d. Andrew borrowed my pen yesterday. e. A hunter shoots a deer.

Pay attention to example a, She is the subject of the sentence and Flowers is the Object. She does the action of watering. Grammatically, she is called the doer of the action and the flowers receive the effect of the verb waters. Therefore, the sentence is called active because the subject actively does something.

In the passive voice, obviously the person or the thing denoted by the subject receives or something is done to it by some other person or thing.

Now, pay attention to these passive sentences : a. The flowers are watered.

b. The movie is watched by James. c. The dog is beaten by the dog.

d. My pen was borrowed by Andrew yesterday. e. A deer is shot.

Flowers is in this sentence is the subject, it does not do anything but it receives something done. Therefore, the sentence is called passive voice, because something has been done to it or receives an action denoted by the person.

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2.1.1 Transitive and Intransitive Verb

A verb is a word that tells or asserts something about a person or thing, it is the most important word in a sentence.

A verb may tell us :

(1) What a person or thing does, For examples :

a. Marry sings. b. They study. c. She writes. d. The clock strikes. e. We dance.

(2) What is done to a person or thing, For examples :

a. The window is broken. b. Students are taught. c. The newspaper is read. d. A cup of coffee is drunk. (3) What a person or thing is :

For examples : a. The dog is dead. b. The blood is red. c. The man is tall. d. The glass is brittle.

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English verb can be divided into two types according to its meaning, namely a. Transitive Verb.

b. Intransitive Verb.

A. Transitive Verb

A transitive verb is a verb that takes an object. These are some sentences that contain transitive verb and take their objects :

For examples :

a. Frank built the cabinet. b. Grandma fixed the toaster. c. Martha scared the children. d. I have lose my money. e. They made some cakes.

Grammatically, we can form the passive voice in sentences containing transitive verbs, because when the verb is transitive it certainly takes an object. Structurally, in a passive voice the subject of the active voice becomes the object of the passive voice by order of rules.

For examples :

a. He kicked the ball. The ball was kicked. b. We speak English. English is spoken.

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c. Someone stole my money. My money was stolen. d. She washes the clothes. The clothes are washed.

B. Intransitive Verb

Intransitive verb is a verb which does not take an object. For example :

- The baby cries. - The sun rises.

- I will arrive at 10 o’clock. - The lesson has not begun yet.

From the examples above, we notice that the verb cries, rises,, arrive, and begun are not followed by any objects. As has mentioned before only a sentence containing a verb that takes an object can be turned a passive construction. Of course, it is clear now that basically, intransitive verbs cannot be turned into passive voice for they take no objects. But sometimes we can find that some of the transitive verbs are also intransitive.

Examples :

Intransitive Verbs :

- She flies to Singapore.

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- They walk on the street.

- Tom’s father has never smoked in his life. Transitive Verbs :

- How many person have been flown to Singapore? - The car was stopped in the garage by the driver. - Horses should be walked for some time after the race. - A pipe was smoked by Tom’s father.

The verbs such as flies, stopped, walk, smoked above are called intransitive verb because they take no objects. But sometimes they can be put into the active voice which take no objects, and automatically they can be put into the passive voice forms as has been written above.

2.1.2 Direct and Indirect Object

As has been stated previously that the active voice in which the required verb are intransitive, they certainly have to take objects. If there is only one object, it can be either a direct object or an indirect one. But sometimes we can find some verbs which take two objects at the same time.

For examples :

- He gave me a novel.

- I showed the policeman my passport. - The teacher taught us Math.

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These four sentences are transitive, each of them takes two objects. In the first sentence, the objects are me and a novel ; in the second the policeman and my passport; in third the object are us and Math; and in the last sentence me and some passport. In grammar, me, the policeman and us are called indirect objects because to whom the action are passed over. And a novel, my passport, Math and some postcards are called the direct objects.

Zandvoort, R. W. (1975 : 55) says “In the active sentence corresponding to sentence with an indirect passive, the indirect object usually denotes a person, the direct object a thing … “

When an active sentence takes two objects, we can put it into passive voice into two constructions. Usually, the indirect object stands as the subject of the passive and secondly the direct object can be put to be the subject of the second passive.

For examples :

(1) Active : He gave me a novel. Passive : I was given a novel.

: A novel was given to me.

(2) Active : I showed the policeman my passport. Passive : The policeman was showed my passport.

: My passport was showed to the policeman. (3) Active : The teacher taught us Math.

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: Math was taught to us.

(4) Active : Maggie sent me some postcards. Passive : I was sent some postcards.

: Some postcards were sent to me.

Pay attention to the examples above. The first of these passive form “He gave me a novel “is more usual, because the indirect object becomes the subject of the passive voice. The form “A novel was given to me “, would be used when we need to stress this new subject.

2.1.3 Auxiliary verb “be”

In building passive constructions, the auxiliary verb “be” is an important aspect to be considered.

For example :

1. Active : I have read the novel. Passive : The novel has been read. 2. Active : My mother makes some cakes. Passive : Some cakes are made by my mother. 3. Active : He took the cassette.

Passive : The cassette was taken by him. 4. Active : They slaughter a cow.

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Passive : A cow is slaughtered.

5. Active : The investors will build a hotel here. Passive : A hotel will be built here.

It can be seen from the examples above that the auxiliary verb “ be “ is very important in forming passive voice sentences. We should remember if the active voice sentences is in the Simple Present Tense, its passive voice sentence must be in the Simple Present Tense and if the sentence is in the Past Perfect Tense, its passive should be in the Past Perfect Tense, its passive should be in the Past Perfect Tense, too.

By understanding the statement above, it is clear that the tense of the auxiliary verb “be “ in passive voice depend on the tense of the verb in the active voice sentence.

2.1.4 The Past Participle

Wren and Martin ( 1983 : 127 ) says “past participle is a word which represents a completed action or state of the thing spoken”.

The past participle of regular verbs is formed by adding –ed or –d tp the infinitive.

For examples : Infinitive Past tense Past Participle Cook Cooked Cooked Love Loved Loved

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Play Played Played Turn Turned Turned Want Wanted Wanted, etc

While the past participle of irregular verbs sometimes divided into strong verb those which form their past participle by change the internal vowel of infinitive with add –en, -n, or –ne- and weak verb – form their past participle by adding – ed or –t to the infinitive.

For example : Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle

Come came come Do did done Drink drank drunk

Rise rose risen

Seek sought sought Write wrote written

The past participle is used with any form or tenses of the verb be, to make passive form of verbs.

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2.2 The Classification of Passive Voice

Voice is grammatical category which makes it possible to view the action of a sentence in two ways without change.

a. A hired assassin murdered the minister.

b. The minister was murdered by a hired assassin.

In the verb phrase, the difference between the two ways categories is the passive adds a form auxiliary “be” and the past participle of the main verb.

At the clause level, passivitation involves rearrangement of two clause element and one addition.

a. The active subject becomes the passive agent, b. The active object becomes the passive subject, and c. The preposition “by” is introduced before agent.

The process of active – passive transformation can be presented diagrammatically. The term “subject”, “object”, and “agent” are useful labels for describing phenomenon such as subject – verb concord, but the structure of sentence changes under voice transformation, its meaning remain the same. In “Andrew kissed Maggie” and Maggie was kissed by Andrew”, Andrew is in both voices the “former of the action”. In the sentence structure, the active subject corresponds to the passive agent. English passive sentences can be classified into two, they are :

(1) Agentive Passive. (2) Non – Agentive passives.

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A. Agentive Passives

Agentive Passives are the passives may be used with the “by phrase” instead of the active, when the speaker or writer wants to focus attention on the subject of a sentence.

For example :

Active : Mr. Affandi made this painting.

Passive : This painting was made by Mr. Affandi.

B. Non – Agentive Passives

The Passive are usually used without a “by phrase” are called non – agentive passives. The passive are most frequently used when it is not known or not important to know exactly who performs an action.

For example :

Active : Rice grows in Indonesia. Passive : Rice is grown in Indonesia.

In the sentence : Rice is grown in Indonesia, the action can be performed by people, by farmers, by someone. In this sentence, it is not known or not important to know exactly who grows rice in Indonesia.

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2.3 Patterns of Passive Voice

The passive of active sentence is formed by putting the verb “to be” into the same tense as the active verb and adding the past participle of the active verb. The subject of the active verb becomes “the agent” of the passive verb. The agent is very often not mentioned. When it is mentioned, it is preceded by “by” and placed at the end of the sentence.

a. Passive Voice in the Simple Present Tense. Sentence Pattern :

S + To be (is, am, are) + Past Participle + by + O

For examples :

- Active : My brother writers a letter. Passive : A letter is written by my brother.

- Active : The teacher teaches the students in the classroom. Passive : The students are taught in the classroom.

b. Passive Voice in Present Continuous Tense Sentence Patten :

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For example :

- Active : Mr. Steve is offering a job.

Passive : A job is being offered by Mr. Steve. - Active : The president is declaring a war.

Passive : A war is being declared by the president. c. Passive Voice in Simple Past Tense

Sentence Pattern :

S +Was/were + Past Participle + by + O

For example :

- Active : A car struck a tree yesterday.

Passive : A tree was struck by a car yesterday. - Active : The mechanic repaired the brakes.

Passive : The brakes were repaired.

d. Passive Voice in Past Continuous Tense Sentence Pattern :

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For example :

- Active : Last week, they were painting the children’s room. Passive : Last week, the children’s room was being painted. - Active : She was telling the truth.

Passive : The truth was being told. e. Passive Voice in Simple Future Tense Sentence Patten :

S + Will/ Shall + be + past participle + by + O

For example :

- Active : Horas FM will offer new programs next month.

Passive : New programs will be offered by Horas FM next month. - Active : He will organize a party next Saturday.

Passive : A party will be organized next Saturday. f. Passive Voice in Present Perfect Tense

Sentence Pattern :

S + have/has + been + past participle + by + O

For example :

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Passive : A lot of new equipment has been ordered by the director. - Active : He has delivered many packages.

Passive : Many packages have been delivered. g. Passive Voice In Past Perfect Tense

Sentence Pattern :

S + had + been + past participle + by + O

For example :

- Active : The workmen had already installed the new computer. Passive : The new computer had already been installed.

h. Passive Voice in Future Perfect Tense Sentence Pattern :

S + will/shall + have + been + past participle + by + O For example :

- Active : The English Course will have started the children’s story hour by the end of next month.

- Passive : The children’s story hour will have been started by the end of next month.

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i. Passive Voice in Present Infinitive. Sentence Pattern :

S + have/has + to be + past participle + by + O

For example :

- Active : I have to renew my library card. Passive : My library card have to be renewed. j. Passive Voice in Modals.

Sentence Pattern :

S + may/must/can + be/been + past participle + by + O

For example :

- Active : You must finish this work before two o’clock today. Passive : This work must be finished before two o’clock today.

In this thesis, the writer only writes down ten tenses, because the present perfect continuous tense, past perfect continuous tense, future continuous tense and future perfect continuous tense are rarely used in the passive voice sentences.

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2.4 The Uses of Passive Voice.

The Passive Voice is very Important in English. Allen (1947 : 281) says “Probably quite 90 percent of the passive sentences spoken or written are of the type replacing the indefinite pronoun or reflexives in other languages…”.

While Thompson and Martinet (1969 : 175) say “ The passive voice is used in English when it is more convenient or interesting to stress the thing done than the doer of it, or when the doer is unknown….”

The passive voice is used in English in the following instances :

a. It is more interesting or important to emphasize what happened rather than who or what performed the action.

Example : There was a terrible storm last night. Hundreds of houses were destroyed.

“By” is unnecessary.

b. The doer of the action is unknown. The subjects of such sentences in the active voice are words such as “they”,”people”, “someone”, “somebody”, etc.

Example : Someone stole my car last night. My car was stolen last night. “By” cannot be used because the doer is unknown.

c.The doer of the action is known, but the speaker or writer does not want to name the person who made a statement or did something wrong.

Example : The teacher ruined the top if this desk accidentally. The top of this desk was ruined accidentally.

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Note : Sometimes the doer of the action is necessary to complete the meaning of the sentence.

Example : The police officer is seen as an enemy by some; looked for aid and protection by others, and taken for granted by most.

Notice that the auxiliary “is” is used only one time.

d. The doer of the action represent a large group of different individuals. Example : A lot of coffee is grown in Brazil.

“By” is unnecessary.

e. The doer of the action is obvious.

Example : The letter will be picked up after 1:00. (The mailman will pick it up).

“By” is unnecessary.

f. The passive may be used to avoid an award or ungrammatical sentence. This us usually done by avoiding a change of subject.

Example : When he arrived home a detective arrested him.

Would be better expressed : When he arrived home, he was arrested ( by a detective ).

Prepositions with Passive Verbs

A. In the passive voice, the preposition “by” is usually called the agent. When it is mentioned, is preceded by “by”.

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Example : Active : Who wrote it ?

Passive : Who was it written by ?

B. When a verb + preposition is put into the passive voice, the preposition remains immediately after the verb.

Example : Active : We must put out the fire. The thief locked us in the closet.

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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Design

“Research design atau rancangan riset diartikan sebagai seluruh proses perencangan dan pelaksanaan suatu riset (Supranto, 1997 : 39)”. There are two kinds of data : quantitative data qualitative data. Quantitative data related to the numerical measures. On the other hand, qualitative, the numerical measure is not used (Supranto, 1997 : 5-6). In this thesis, quantitative data is applied.

Supranto (1997 : 40) says, “Research design atau rancangan riset diartikan sebagai seluruh proses perancangan dan pelaksanaan riset”. It means research design is the planning process of the research or the procedures in collecting and analyzing the data. The research design in this analysis is a descriptive study. Supranto (1997 : 41) says,” Descriptive study aims at describing the characteristics about the condition or situation at that time. Therefore, in this descriptive analysis study which is intended only to describe the variable.

3.2 Data Collection

In collecting the data for this thesis, the writer uses library research. Supranto (1997:13) says, “Library research atau penelitian kepustakaan adalah riset dimana dilakukan dengan jalan membaca buku-buku dan sumber lainnya di dalam perpustakaan”. It means, this method is carried out by collecting and selecting data

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and information from some relevant references regarding the passive and active voice. The primary data in this thesis are Inside Sumatera and the secondary data in this analysis are all the books related to the topic being discussed.

3.3 The Data Analysis

By writing this thesis, the writer has combined the important data from many other sources, which have been collected and analyzed. This research is passive voice. The writer collects data from various books.

In analyzing the data, there are some procedures to be done. They are as follows :

a. Reading Inside Sumatera magazine.

b. Identifying all data, a percentage value will be set up for each kind of

passive voice based on the following formula :

n = ��

� x 100%

n = the percentage of one kind of passive voice fx = individual frequency (one kind of passive voice0 N = number of occurrence (all kinds of passive voice)

After calculating the data in percentage, the most dominant passive voice to the least dominant one will be determined. Having analyzed all the data, some conclusion will be made based on the results of the analysis.

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CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND FINDING

4.1 Analysis

The object of the analysis is the magazines found in The Inside Sumatera, a national daily magazine. The data are taken from two different editions of magazine. They are February 2009 and October 2010 editions.

In analyzing the data. The writer tries to classify the passive sentences that are found in the magazine, and classifies them based on their tenses.

A. October 2010 edition

(1) This will be followed by trekking from Tangkahan to Bukit Lawang for a week.

This sentence can be classified into Agentive Passive, with “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Future Tense, it consists of This as passive subject, will be followed as the passive verb with regular verb “followed” as the past particle verb.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(2) Our aching bodies are repaid by the beautiful panorama ….

This sentence can be classified into Agentive Passive, with “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of Our aching bodies

(40)

as passive subject, are repaid as passive verb and the “past participle “is regular verb “repaid.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is obvious. (3) It is known by local.

This sentence can be classified into Agentive Passive, with “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of It as passive subject, is known as passive verb, the “past participle” is irregular verb ”known” and by local as passive complement.

This passive may be used because the doer of the action is unknown ( It is known by local).

(4) The name of the shelter is taken from a 10 meters tall waterfall ….

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of The name of the shelter as passive subject, is taken as passive verb, and the “past participle” is irregular verb “taken”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(5) Our lodge was placed in beautiful ….

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of Our lodge as passive subject, was placed as passive verb, and the “past participle” is regular verb “placed”.

(41)

This passive may be used because the doer of the action is obvious ( Our lodge was placed in beautiful .…)

(6) We were excited about our meeting with orangutans.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of we as passive subject, were excited as passive verb, and the “past participle” is regular verb “excited”.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is unknown. (7) ... Their particular smell are known as kue bika.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of Their particular smell as passive subject, are known as passive verb, and the “past participle” is irregular verb “known”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(8) Bika could be found in coffee shops.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Modals, it consists of Bika as passive subject, could be found is the passive verb with irregular verb “found” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(42)

(9) Bika can only be found in a few places.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Modals, it consists of Bika as passive subject, can only be found is the passive verb with irregular verb “found” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(10)This cake has not been totally forgotten.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Present Perfect Tense, it consists of This cake as passive subject, has not been totally forgotten as passive verb with irregular verb “forgotten” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(11) This pancakes can only be found when ….

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Modals, it consists of This pancakes as passive subject, can be only found as passive verb with irregular verb “found” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(43)

(12) Bika are made of rice flour, grated coconut and sugar.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of Bika as passive subject, are made as passive verb with irregular verb “made” as the past participle.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(13) Bika are not baked on a stove or in oven using fire wood.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of Bika as passive subject, are not baked as passive verb with regular verb “baked” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(14) The wood is placed on top of the stove too.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of The wood as passive subject, is placed as passive verb with regular verb “placed” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(44)

(15) It is located on the left ….

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive. Without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consist of It as passive subject, is located as passive verb with regular verb “located” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is unknown. (16) The branches are decorated with exposed “muscles”.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple present Tense, it consists of The branches as passive subject, are located as passive verb with regular verb “decorated” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(17) We were tempted to explore this island.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of We as passive voice, were tempted as passive verb with regular verb “tempted” as the “past participle”.

(45)

(18) Our curiosity is aroused on the following day when ….

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of Our curiosity as passive subject, is aroused as passive verb with regular verb “aroused” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(19) The hariara was planted to mark ….

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of The hariara as passive subject, was planted as passive verb with regular verb “planted” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(20) The tree was used to mark tambak (graves).

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple past Tense, it consists of The tree as passive subject, was used as passive verb with regular verb “used” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(46)

(21) The second type is made of natural stone ….

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of The second type as passive subject, is made as passive verb with irregular verb “made” as the “past participle.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is unknown. (22) The branches and twigs may not be used for firewood.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Modals. It consists of The branches and twigs as passive subject, may not be used as passive verb with regular verb “used” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(23) That was planted in the ground.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of That as passive subject, was planted as passive verb with regular verb “planted” as the “past participle”.

(47)

(24) Every problem can be solved when ….

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Modals, it consists of Every problem as passive subject, can be solved as passive verb with regular verb “solved” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used because it is more important to stress the action rather than who or what performed the action.

(25) I am reminded of the megalithic stones in Tomok.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of I as passive subject, am reminded as passive verb with regular verb “reminded” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used because it is more important to emphasize what happened rather who or what performed the action. “By” is unnecessary. (26) The hariara is known as the seven day tree.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of The hariara as passive subject, is known as passive verb with irregular verb “known” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(48)

(27) It is said that as soon ….

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of It as passive subject, is said as passive verb with regular verb “said” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used in because the doer of the action is unknown. (28) The hariara is often named the tree of life because the tree can grow .

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of The hariara as passive subject, is named as passive verb with regular verb “named” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(29) A buffalo must be sacrificed while circling the tree.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Modals, it consists of A buffalo as passive subject, must be classified as passive verb with regular verb “sacrificed” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used because it is important to emphasize what happened rather than who and what performed the action.

(49)

(30) The buffalo is slaughtered.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of The buffalo as passive subject, is slaughtered as passive verb with regular verb “slaughtered” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(31) The meat is distributed amongst the locals in the area.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of the meat as passive subject, is distributed as passive verb with regular verb “distributed” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is obvious.

B. September 2009 edition

(32) On the left side of the plank was found a footpath leading to hot spring. This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of on the left side of the plank as passive subject. was found as passive verb with irregular ‘found” as the “past participle”.

(50)

(33) It was said having a highly educative value.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of It as passive subject, was said as passive verb with regular verb “said” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(34) This place was not taken care or not many people to visit it.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of this place as passive subject, was not taken as passive verb with irregular verb “taken” as the “past past participle”.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is obvious. (35) We were forced to stop due fallen tree whit ….

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of We as passive subject, were forced as passive verb with regular verb “forced” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used because it is more interesting or important to emphasize what happened rather than who or what performed the action.

(51)

(36) A ground lizard hide in the leafy old tree was disturbed and run away. This sentence can be classified into Non – agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of A ground lizard hide in the leafy old tree as passive subject, was disturbed as passive verb with regular verb “disturb” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used because it is more important to emphasize what happened rather than who and what performed the action.

(37) It was written ”Department of forenty and BKSDA Sumut Wilayah II”. This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of It as passive subject, was written as passive verb with irregular “written” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is obvious. (38) In the middle part was written information about regulation.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it is consist of In the middle part as passive object, was written as passive verb with irregular “written” as the “past participle”.

(52)

(39) Hot water was seen in one of stairs.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it is consists of Hot water as passive subject, was seen as passive verb with irregular “seen” as the “past participle’.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is obvious. (40) … An altar which was covered with green moss ….

This sentence can be classified into Non – agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of a huge stone like an altar as passive subject, was covered as passive verb with regular verb “covered” as the “past participle.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is obvious. (41) On the stone was seen hot water flowing ….

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists On the stone as passive subject, was seen as passive verb with irregular verb “seen” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used the doer of the action is obvious. (42) Motif like small plots of paddy field is called microgourdam.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists On the stone as

(53)

passive subject, was seen as passive verb with irregular verb “seen” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is obvious. (43) While the big plot is called macroguardam.

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists On the stone as passive subject, was seen as passive verb with irregular verb “seen” as the “past participle”.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is obvious. (44) This macro and microguardam are not located inside the cave ….

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is obvious. (45) The second part of the river’s edge was found a hanging ornament.

(54)

This passive maybe used because it is more interesting or important to emphasize what happened rather than who and what performed the action. (46) Hot water that drops down could be neutralized the chill water ….

This sentence can be classified into Non – Agentive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Modals, it consists On the stone as passive subject, was seen as passive verb with irregular verb “seen” as the “past participle”. This passive maybe used bacause it is more interesting or important to emphasize what happpened rather than who and what performed the action. (47) Nature ornament is formed due to available lime deposit ….

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of This as passive subject, is formed as the passive verb with regular verb “formed” as the “past particle verb”.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is known, but the speaker or writer does not want to name the person who made the statement or did something wrong.

(48) The stone is formed following the lane of hot steam.

(55)

This passive maybe used because it is more interesting or important to emphasize what happened rather than who and what performed the action. (49) There are long cracks are found on some tops of the platform.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of This as passive subject, are found as the passive verb with irregular verb “found” as the past particle verb.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is obvious. (50) The crowd visitors at those time, was supported by good access ….

This sentence can be classified into Agentive Passive, with “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of This as passive subject, will be followed as the passive verb with regular verb “supported” as the “past particle” and good access complement.

This passive maybe used because it is more interesting or important to emphasize what happened rather than who and what performed the action. (51) They are worried that road condition is not comfortable for tourist.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of They as passive subject, are worried as the passive verb with regular verb “worried” as the “past particle verb”.

(56)

(52) Tinggi raja is neglected.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of This as passive subject, is neglected as the passive verb with regular verb “neglected” as the ”past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(53) Because it is also the same road used by PTP III to transport ….

This sentence can be classified into Agentive Passive, with “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of It as passive subject, is used as the passive verb with regular verb “used” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used to avoid an awkward or ungrammatical sentence. This usually done by avoiding a change of subject.

(54) Potency of rare flora grown in this area is dominated by meranti ….

This sentence can be classified into Agentive Passive, with “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of Potency of rare flora grown in this area as passive subject, is dominated as the passive verb with regular verb “dominated” as the ”past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(57)

(55) Among of them have been protected such as Sumatera ….

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Present Perfect Tense, it consists of Among of them as passive subject, have been protected as the passive verb with regular verb “protected” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because it is more interesting or important to emphasize what happened rather than who and what performed the action. (56) We were satisfied to see the wonder ….

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of We as passive subject, were satisfied as the passive verb with regular verb “satisfied” as the” past particle”.

This passive maybe used because it is more interesting or important to emphasize what happened rather than who and what performed the action. (57) Dedication of the entire team this time of crises can be utilized to your ….

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Modals, it consists of Dedication of the entire team this time of crises as passive subject, can be utilized as the passive verb with regular verb “utilized” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because it is more interesting or important to emphasize what happened rather than who and what performed the action.

(58)

(58) … some were dancing accompanied with regional Music from Moluccas.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of …some as passive subject, were accompanied as the passive verb with regular verb “accompanied” as the” past particle”.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is unknown. (59) We were directed to the corner of the front yard.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of We as passive subject, are directed as the passive verb with regular verb “directed” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because it is more interesting or important to emphasize what happened rather than who and what performed the action. (60) They were dressed differently with others.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of they as passive subject, were dressed as the passive verb with regular verb “dressed” as the “past particle”.

(59)

(61) Our chattering was interrupted due to invitation ….

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of our chattering as passive subject, was interrupted as the passive verb with regular verb “interrupted” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because it is more interesting or important to emphasize what happened rather than who and what performed the action. (62) This spirit is needed for Moluccan ….

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of this spirit as passive subject, is needed as the passive verb with regular verb “needed” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(63) KNIL was established to invade ….

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of KNIL as passive subject, was established as the passive verb with regular verb “established” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(60)

(64) … War had been used by conquer others in the archipelago.

This sentence can be classified into Agentive Passive, with “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Past Perfect Tense, it consists of …war as passive subject, had been used as the passive verb with regular verb “used” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is obvious. (65) Most of young Moluccan were recruited in Ambon.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of most of young Moluccan as passive subject, were recruited as the passive verb with regular verb “recruited” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(66) They were promised to have a big allowance.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of They as passive subject, were promised as the passive verb with regular verb ”promised” as the “past particle”.

(61)

(67) A Moliccan soldier was paid 300 guldens.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of A moluccan as passive subject, was paid as the passive verb with regular verb “paid” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(68) The young Moluccans was offered only 7 guldens ….

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of The young Moluccans as passive subject, was offered as the passive verb with regular verb “offered” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because it is more interesting or important to emphasize what happened rather than who and what performed the action. (69) The young Moluccans were assigned to many places ….

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of The young Moluccans as passive subject, were assigned as the passive verb with regular verb “assigned” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(62)

(70) Some were sent to Aceh territory ….

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of Some as passive subject, were sent as the passive verb with irregular verb “sent” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is unknown. (71) A lot of ex KNIL was being hunted by Japanese.

This sentence can be classified into Agentive Passive, with “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Past Continuous Tense, it consists of KNIL as passive subject, was being hunted as the passive verb with regular verb “hunted” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action represent a large group of different individuals.

(72) They were brought and kept prisoner in Pematang Siantar.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of They as passive subject, were brought as the passive verb with irregular verb “brought” as the “past particle”.

(63)

(73) Most of them were joined with Indonesian ….

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of This as passive subject, were joined as the passive verb with regular verb “joined” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is unknown. (74) The former KNIL armies were given a choice ….

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of The former KNIL armies as passive subject, were given as the passive verb with irregular verb “given” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(75) This company was run by Deli Maaatschappij.

This sentence can be classified into Agentive Passive, with “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of This company as passive subject, was run as the passive verb with regular verb “run” as the “past particle” and by Deli... as Passive Agent

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(64)

(76) Some Moluccan families in Medan were retired from Deli Spoor ….

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of some of… as passive subject, were retired as the passive verb with regular verb “retired” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is obvious. (77) And some former KNIL soldiers who were not interested in TNI.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of KNIL as passive subject, were interested as the passive verb with regular verb “interested” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because it is more interesting or important to emphasize what happened rather than who and what performed the action. (78) Pertamina was still called North Sumatera Oil Mining.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of Pertamina as passive subject, was called as the passive verb with regular verb “called” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(65)

(79) The name of Tambang Minyak was changed to Pertamina.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of The tambang of Tambang Minyak as passive subject, was changed as the passive verb with regular verb “changed” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(80) They cannot be separated from sport and art.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Modals, it consists of They as passive subject, cannot be separated as the passive verb with regular verb “separated” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is unknown. (81) … in the era of 1960s could not be forgotten.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Modals, it consists of … in the are of 1960 as passive subject, could not be forgotten as the passive verb with irregular verb “forgotten” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because it is more interesting or important to emphasize what happened rather than who and what performed the action.

(66)

(82) It was said that North Sumatera Governor.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of It as passive subject, was said as the passive verb with regular verb “said” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(83) They were demoted to second from the last place.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of They as passive subject, were demoted as the passive verb with regular verb “demoted” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is unknown. (84) Everybody was amazed by their competitiveness ….

This sentence can be classified into Agentive Passive, with “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of everybody as passive subject, was amazed as the passive verb with regular verb “amazed” as the “past particle”.

(67)

(85) Pilgrimage centre which was crowded by domestic and foreign tourist. This sentence can be classified into Agentive Passive, with “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of Pilgrimage centre as passive subject, was crowded as the passive verb with regular verb “crowded as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because it is more interesting or important to emphasize what happed rather than who and what performed the action. (86) It is unique architecture was mixed combination ….

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of It is unique… as passive subject, was mixed as the passive verb with regular verb “mixed” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because it is more important to emphasize what happened rather than who and what performed the action.

(87) Assembly hall in the first floor while hall of player is situated at the top Floor.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of … of player as passive subject, is situated as the passive verb with regular verb “situated as the “past particle”.

(68)

(88) In front yard and behind is gardens which are dedicated as appreciation. This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of … gardens as passive subject, is dedicated as the passive verb with regular verb “dedicated as the” past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(89) The fence wall is painted with pictures ….

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of The fence wall as passive subject, is painted as the passive verb with regular verb “painted” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(90) Maria Annai Velangkani was constructed on September 2001 ….

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of Maria Annai Velangkani as passive subject, was constructed as the passive verb with regular verb “constructed” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(69)

(91) The official opening was done by Governor of North Sumatera ….

This sentence can be classified into Agentive Passive, with “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of The official opening as passive subject, was done as the passive verb with irregular verb “done” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(92) It has been proven that some wedding parties from Hindu.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Present Perfect Tense, it consists of It as passive subject, has been proven as the passive verb with irregular verb “proven” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because it is more interesting or important rather than who and what performed the action.

(93)The charisma and uniqueness of this building was highly admired by every visitor.

This sentence can be classified into Agentive Passive, with “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of … this building as passive subject, was admired as the passive verb with regular verb “admired” as the “past particle”.

(70)

(94) The design and relief were done by an amateur designer.

This sentence can be classified into Agentive Passive, with “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of … relief as passive subject, were done as the passive verb with irregular verb “done” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(95) He was a senior high school student, who was called Andre.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of He as passive subject, was called as the passive verb with regular verb “called” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(96) The boy was employed in the building project by Priest James.

This sentence can be classified into Agentive Passive, with “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of The boy as passive subject, was employed as the passive verb with regular verb “employed as the “past particle” and by Priest James as passive Agent.

(71)

(97) She was called “Annei Velangkani”.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of She as passive subject, was called as the passive verb with regular verb “called” as the “past particle “.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is obvious.

(98) The money for building was untouched by fire, and holy spring water …. This sentence can be classified into Agentive Passive, with “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of The money for building as passive subject, was untouched as the passive verb with regular verb “untouched” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because it is more important or interesting to emphasize rather than who and what performed the action.

(99) Batak land in Tapanuli which is surrounded by hills, valley ….

This sentence can be classified into Agentive Passive, with “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of Batak land in Tapanuli as passive subject, is surrounded as the passive verb with regular verb “surrounded” as the “past particle and by hills is complement.

(72)

(100) Vegetation as the complement of Batak culture is variegated.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of … Batak culture as passive subject, is variegated as the passive verb with regular verb “variegated” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(101) The money was given.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Past Tense, it consists of The money as passive subject, was given as the passive verb with irregular verb “given” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because it is more interesting or important to emphasize rather than who and what performed the action.

(102) Death is decided by God.

This sentence can be classified into Agentive Passive, with “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Simple Present Tense, it consists of Death as passive subject, is decided as the passive verb with regular verb “decided” as the “past particle” and by God as Agent.

(73)

(103) … She can be changed into something ….

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Modals, it consists of She as passive subject, can be changed as the passive verb with regular verb “changed” as the” past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(104) She felt that her request will be fulfilled according to her dream.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Modals, it consists of … her request as passive subject, will be fulfilled as the passive verb with regular verb “fulfilled” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(105) My arms can be used for pillars.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Modals, it consists of My arms as passive subject, can be used as the passive verb with regular verb “used” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(74)

(106 My body can be used for floor and wall.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Modals, it consists of my arms as passive subject, can be used as the passive verb with regular verb “used” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used in order the doer of the action is known but the writer does not want to name the person.

(107) Gondang party was being held in front his house.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Past Continuous Tense, it consists of Gondang Party as passive subject, was being held as the passive verb with irregular verb “held” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because the doer of the action is obvious. (108) Gondang music had been performed for the third time.

This sentence can be classified into Non - Agentive Passive, without “by phrase”. This passive sentence is in Past Perfect Tense, it consists of Gondang music as passive subject, had been performed as the passive verb with regular verb “performed” as the “past particle”.

This passive maybe used because it is more interesting and important to emphasize rather than who and what perform the action.

(1)

4.2 Finding

Of the two editions of magazine in Inside Sumatera, there are 123 passive voice sentences, as it can be seen through the following :

No Sources Passive Sentence

October 2010 edition

September 2009 edition

TOTAL 123

The tenses which are used in Passive sentence of the magazines can be seen in table below :

Simple present Simple Past Past Continuous Simple Future Present Perfect Past Perfect Modals

42 53 2 1 4 2 19

34,1% 43,1% 1,6% 0,8% 3,3% 1,6% 15,5%

And the classification of Passive Voice found on the magazine can be seen in this table :

Agentive Non - Agentive

20 103

(2)

And The using of Regular and Irregular verb found on the magazine can be seen in this table :

Regular Irregular

90 33

(3)

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

Language is a tool for one to express their ideas and feelings. Using language means that we make an interaction with others. The users of language utter new sentences that they have never uttered before, either in spoken or written language. In English, we recognize two kinds of sentences, active and passive voice sentences. In this thesis, the writer analyzes passive voice found in the magazine because passive voice is used more frequently in written language and it is usually found in the text book, technical report, in magazine and so on.

Passive voice is used when we want to emphasize the action, what happened rather than who performed the action. And we should we have specific reasons for using the passive voice, when it is more important to stress the action than the doer or when the doer is unknown.

In the data analysis, from 123 passive voice sentences are collected. It is found that 42 sentences (34,1%) are in Simple Present, 53 sentences (43,1%) are in Simple Past, 2 sentences (1,6%) are in Past Continuous, 1 sentence (0,8%) is in Simple Future, 4 sentences (3,3%) are in Present Perfect, 2 sentences (1,6%) are in Past Perfect, and 19 sentences (15,5%) are Modals.

There are 20 sentences (16,3%) that can be classified into Agentive Passive and 103 sentences (83,7%) are classified into Non – Agentive passive. Finally , 33

(4)

sentences (26,8%) are used in Irregular verbs as their past participle and the dominant passive sentences which are found in the magazine are in Regular verbs in 90 sentences (73,2%).

5.2 Suggestion

Having found the result of the analysis, here are some suggestions need to be considered :

a. The students should do more exercises about passive voice.

b. The lecturers and the teachers are suggested to teach how to use passive voice in sentence both spoken and written clearly and completely.

c. The students or the readers do more further research to get more understanding about passive voice.

Finally, the writer realizes that this thesis is far from being perfect, comments and suggestions concerning about this thesis will be highly appreciated. She expects this thesis can provide something helpful for the readers in studying grammar especially about passive voices. She also hope the other students will discuss other English Grammars for their theses.

(5)

REFERENCES

Allen, W. S. 1947. Living English Structure : A Practice Book of Foreign Student

and Key. London : Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd.

Frank, M 1972. Modern English : A Practical Reference Guide. New Jersey : Prentice – Hall, Inc.

Kaplan, J. P. 1995. English Grammar : Principles and Facts. New Jersey : Prentice Hall International, Inc.

Krohn, R. 1972. English Sentence Sructure. Michigan : The University Michigan Press.

Murcia, M. C and Freeman, D. L. 1983. The Grammar Book : An ESL/EFL Teacher’s Course. Rowley : NewBury House Publishers, Inc.

Nawawi, H. 1998. Metode Penelitian Bidang Sosial. Yokyakarta : Gajah Mada University Press.

Popham, W. J. 1967. Educational Statistics. New York : Harper & Row Publisher.

Quirk, R. 1972. A Grammar of Contemporary English. England : Longman.

Sapir, E. 1949. Language : An Introduction to Study of Speech. New York : Harcourt Bracejava Novich.

Thompson, A. J and Martinet, A. V. 1969. A Practical English Grammar. London : The English Language Book Society and Oxford University Press.

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Walker, D. J. 1993. Exploring Newspapers. London : Macmillan Publisher Limited.

Wren, P. C. and Martin, H. 1983. High School English Grammar and Composition. New Delhi : S. Chad and Company, Ltd.

Zandvoort, R. W. 1975. A Handbook of English Grammar. London : ELBS and Longman Group, Ltd.

An Analysis Of Passive Voice Found In The Inside Sumatra Magazine

AN ANALYSIS OF PASSIVE VOICE FOUND IN THE INSIDE

SUMATERA MAGAZINE

A THESIS

BY

FRISKAWATI SIMANJUNTAK

REG. NO. 100721020

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN

2012

AN ANALYSIS OF PASSIVE VOICE FOUND IN THE INSIDE

SUMATERA MAGAZINE

A THESIS

BY

FRISKAWATI SIMANJUNTAK

REG. NO. 100721020

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

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Dukungan

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An Analysis Of Passive Voice Found In The Inside Sumatra Magazine

AN ANALYSIS OF PASSIVE VOICE FOUND IN THE INSIDE

SUMATERA MAGAZINE

A THESIS

BY

FRISKAWATI SIMANJUNTAK

REG. NO. 100721020

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN

2012

AN ANALYSIS OF PASSIVE VOICE FOUND IN THE INSIDE

SUMATERA MAGAZINE

A THESIS

BY

FRISKAWATI SIMANJUNTAK

REG. NO. 100721020

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

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The Causes Factors of Recurrence of Skizophrenia in Patiens Who Were Treated at Mental Hospital in Province of North Sumatra

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An Error Analysis Of The Use Of Simple Sentence Made By The Ninth Grade Students Of SMP Negeri 2 Pancur Batu

An Analysis Of Figurative Expressions Found In Ecclesiastes

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Semantic Analysis of Figurative Expressions Used By David Archuleta in His Twelve Selected Song Lyrics

An Analysis Of Figurative Expressions Found In Enrique Iglessias’s Selected Songs Lyrics

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