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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the researcher discusses the method that is used in this research. This chapter consists of six parts. Those parts are research method,
research setting, research participants, research instruments and data gathering techniques, data analysis technique and research procedure.
A. Research Method
This research is a qualitative research. Qualitative research is an approach that allows readers to examine people’s experiences in detail by using specific
approach of research method such as in-depth interview, focus group discussion, observation, content analysis, visual method and life histories or biographies
Hennink Bailey, 2011. The data were collected from a real situation in the class. The needs of detail information such as in what time the respondent
pronounced some certain words showed that qualitative research is the most appropriate method. Qualitative data consists of detailed description of situations,
events, people, interactions, and observed behaviors; direct quotations from people about their experiences, attitudes, beliefs, and thoughts; and excerpts or
entire passages from documents, correspondence, records and case histories Patton, 1980.
Wood and Kroger 2000, p. 3 explain that discourse analysis is a person’s point of view that contains of methodological and conceptual elements. They also
state that discourse data includes spoken and written texts. Stark and Trinidad 2007 add that discourse analysis concerns on the language use. The researcher
conducted a discourse analysis to study the feature of woman language features and types of teachers’ questions using the utterances that were collected from the
videos. Both of these two problems identify language use in classroom setting.
B. Research Setting
The setting of this research was in English Language Education Study Program Department of Sanata Dharma University. This research was conducted
in Micro Teaching class A batch 2012. The participants were 12 female teacher trainers. Each of them practiced one section of teaching practice. The time
allocation for each participant was 25 minutes.
C. Research Participants
In this research, the participants were 12 female students of Micro Teaching class A in the sixth semester of English Education Study Program batch
2012. The participants were all the female students but the researcher did not know each student personally.
D. Research Instruments and Data Gathering Techniques
1. Human Instrument Human instrument is the main instrument of this research. Lincoln Guba
1985 define human instrument as uniquely qualify the human being as the instrument of choice for naturalistic inquiry p. 193. The researcher is considered
as the main instrument of this research since the data were collected by her. The researcher had two roles which were to collect and analyze the data.
2. Video of Micro teaching students in 2012 Since this study used discourse analysis, the documents, which were
obtained during the observation were also called research instrument. The data, which were not collected by the needs of the researcher, were in forms of videos.
The video are regularly recorded by Sanata Dharma laboratory’s staff. The videos are the participants’ simulation of teaching practices. The researcher collected the
utterances from the teaching simulation practices. These collected utterances are the data which were used to be analyzed by the researcher. Therefore, the
instrument for this research was the video observation. The researcher used table, as the tool, to work in gathering the data for the first research question as seen in
table 3.1. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Table 3.1 Hedges
Hedges No
Participant Number of Case
Time Situation
1 T1
In order to answer the second problem, the researcher gathered the data using table 3.2
Table 3.2
No Participant
Number of Case Form of Questions
Time Situation
E. Data Analysis Techniques
Miles and Huberman 1984, p. 15 explain that there are three steps in analyzing qualitative data. They are data reduction, data display and conclusion
drawing or verification. Data reduction is the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying the raw
data. This is a part of analysis p. 21. In this step, the researcher chose teaching practice videos of 12 participants in Micro Teaching class. The researcher listed
utterances which were needed from the videos based on each category. First, the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
researcher collected utterances of first research problem. Then, the researcher collected utterances for the second research problem. So, in this step, the
researcher analyzed the data using tables as the tool.
Table 3.3 Women Language Features in Micro Teaching Class No
Woman Language Features Number of Utterances
1 Hedges Fillers
2 Intensifiers
3 Raising Intonation
4 Precise Terms
5 Empty Adjective
6 Direct Quotations
7 Super Polite Forms
8 Tag Questions
9 Hypercorrect Grammar
10 Humor
To analyze the second research problem, the researcher used table 3.4:
Table 3.4 No
Types of Question Number of Questions
1 Procedural Questions
2 Convergent Questions
3 Divergent Questions