Peran nukleotida sebagai imunostimulan terhadap respon imun nonspesifik dan resistensi udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei)
PERAN NUKLEOTIDA SEBAGAI IMUNOSTIMULAN
TERHADAP RESPON IMUN NONSPESIFIK DAN
RESISTENSI UDANG VANAME
(Litopenaeus vannamei)
HENKY MANOPPO
SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
BOGOR
2011
PERNYATAAN MENGENAI DISERTASI DAN
SUMBER INFORMASI
Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa disertasi Peran Nukleotida sebagai
Imunostimulan terhadap Respon Imun Nonspesifik dan Resistensi Udang Vaname
(Litopenaeus vannamei) adalah karya saya dengan arahan dari komisi
pembimbing dan belum diajukan dalam bentuk apapun kepada perguruan tinggi
manapun. Sumber informasi yang berasal atau dikutip dari karya yang diterbitkan
maupun yang tidak diterbitkan dari penulis lain telah disebutkan dalam teks dan
dicantumkan dalam Daftar Pustaka di bagian akhir disertasi ini.
Bogor, Februari 2011
Henky Manoppo
NRP C161060071
ii
PERAN NUKLEOTIDA SEBAGAI IMUNOSTIMULAN
TERHADAP RESPON IMUN NONSPESIFIK DAN
RESISTENSI UDANG VANAME
(Litopenaeus vannamei)
HENKY MANOPPO
SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
BOGOR
2011
i
ABSTRACT
HENKY MANOPPO. Role of Nucleotides as Immunostimulant on Non Specific
Immune Response and Resistance of Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).
Supervised by SUKENDA, DANIEL DJOKOSETIYANTO, M. FATUCHRI
SUKADI and ENANG HARRIS
Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture in Indonesia began in
2000 to partly replace the tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) that was seriously
affected by disease. However, losses due to disease still remain an important
concern till now. Therefore, a series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the
efficacy of nucleotides in enhancing nonspecific immune response, resistance and
growth of whiteleg shrimp. In experiment 1, juveniles were fed commercial pellet
previously supplemented with nucleotides at A:0, B:100, C:200, D:300, E:400,
F:500 mg.kg-1 pellet, each with three replication. At the end of feeding, shrimp
was challenged intramuscularly with 0.1 mlVibrio harveyi solution 1x106
cfu.shrimp-1. Mean total haemocyte count (THC) of shrimp in treatment D (300
mg nucleotides) increased up to 76% higher than control. PO activity in
treatment D (300 mg nucleotides) was also significantly different (p=0.005)
compared to control. Fourteen days post-challenge, shrimp in treatment E (400
mg nucleotides) had higher resistance to V. harveyi infection (p=0.005). In
treatment E, shrimp growth was significantly higher (p=0.001) than control as
well as other treatments.Experiment 2 evaluated the effect of administration time
of nucleotides on the nonspecific immune response and growth of shrimp.
Shrimps were fed pellet supplemented with nucleotides at 400 mg.kg-1 diet.
Research result showed that oral administration of nucleotides for four weeks
successively significantly enhanced nonspecific immune response and shrimp
growth. Experiment 3 evaluated the effect of β–glucan on total haemocyte, PO
activity, resistance and growth of shrimp as comparison to nucleotides. THC of
shrimp fed nucleotides diet increased up to 87% higher than control. PO activity
also increased significantly (p=0.01). Supplementation of β–glucan could increase
THC and PO activity, but the increase was not different compared to control.
Administration of nucleotides and β–glucan for four consecutive weeks
significantly increased resistance of shrimp to disease (p
TERHADAP RESPON IMUN NONSPESIFIK DAN
RESISTENSI UDANG VANAME
(Litopenaeus vannamei)
HENKY MANOPPO
SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
BOGOR
2011
PERNYATAAN MENGENAI DISERTASI DAN
SUMBER INFORMASI
Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa disertasi Peran Nukleotida sebagai
Imunostimulan terhadap Respon Imun Nonspesifik dan Resistensi Udang Vaname
(Litopenaeus vannamei) adalah karya saya dengan arahan dari komisi
pembimbing dan belum diajukan dalam bentuk apapun kepada perguruan tinggi
manapun. Sumber informasi yang berasal atau dikutip dari karya yang diterbitkan
maupun yang tidak diterbitkan dari penulis lain telah disebutkan dalam teks dan
dicantumkan dalam Daftar Pustaka di bagian akhir disertasi ini.
Bogor, Februari 2011
Henky Manoppo
NRP C161060071
ii
PERAN NUKLEOTIDA SEBAGAI IMUNOSTIMULAN
TERHADAP RESPON IMUN NONSPESIFIK DAN
RESISTENSI UDANG VANAME
(Litopenaeus vannamei)
HENKY MANOPPO
SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
BOGOR
2011
i
ABSTRACT
HENKY MANOPPO. Role of Nucleotides as Immunostimulant on Non Specific
Immune Response and Resistance of Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).
Supervised by SUKENDA, DANIEL DJOKOSETIYANTO, M. FATUCHRI
SUKADI and ENANG HARRIS
Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture in Indonesia began in
2000 to partly replace the tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) that was seriously
affected by disease. However, losses due to disease still remain an important
concern till now. Therefore, a series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the
efficacy of nucleotides in enhancing nonspecific immune response, resistance and
growth of whiteleg shrimp. In experiment 1, juveniles were fed commercial pellet
previously supplemented with nucleotides at A:0, B:100, C:200, D:300, E:400,
F:500 mg.kg-1 pellet, each with three replication. At the end of feeding, shrimp
was challenged intramuscularly with 0.1 mlVibrio harveyi solution 1x106
cfu.shrimp-1. Mean total haemocyte count (THC) of shrimp in treatment D (300
mg nucleotides) increased up to 76% higher than control. PO activity in
treatment D (300 mg nucleotides) was also significantly different (p=0.005)
compared to control. Fourteen days post-challenge, shrimp in treatment E (400
mg nucleotides) had higher resistance to V. harveyi infection (p=0.005). In
treatment E, shrimp growth was significantly higher (p=0.001) than control as
well as other treatments.Experiment 2 evaluated the effect of administration time
of nucleotides on the nonspecific immune response and growth of shrimp.
Shrimps were fed pellet supplemented with nucleotides at 400 mg.kg-1 diet.
Research result showed that oral administration of nucleotides for four weeks
successively significantly enhanced nonspecific immune response and shrimp
growth. Experiment 3 evaluated the effect of β–glucan on total haemocyte, PO
activity, resistance and growth of shrimp as comparison to nucleotides. THC of
shrimp fed nucleotides diet increased up to 87% higher than control. PO activity
also increased significantly (p=0.01). Supplementation of β–glucan could increase
THC and PO activity, but the increase was not different compared to control.
Administration of nucleotides and β–glucan for four consecutive weeks
significantly increased resistance of shrimp to disease (p