Selanjutnya
-
I
SPECIFIC AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC
OF INDONESIA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUM ON THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT "COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
FOR DEVELOPING INFRASTRUCTURES OUTSIDE JAVA ISLAND"
The Goverrunent of the Republic of Indonesia
and
the Goverrunent of the Kingdom of Belgium,
Within the framework of the General Agreement on Technical Cooperation
of June 16 , 1969 ;
Desiring to further promote the development of communication technologies;
Wanting to cooperate in the implementation of the Project described hereafter;
Have agreed as follows :
Article 1
Objectives of the project
The objectives of the Project are to solve the communication problems
and improve the infrastructure of the area outside Java Island by conducing research and development of a suitable telecommunication system which
is economically and technically feasible and which takes into account local
condition of the thousands of Indonesian islands.
Article 2
Modalities of the project
1 . This Specific Agreement lays down the modalities of the cooperation with
the view of :
a) . conducting a joint research by senior expatriate experts and
Indonesian experts;
b). training for Indonesian research workers;
c). Supplying laboratory equipment and utilizing the available facilities,
data , and supporting personnel for the effective implementation of
the Project .
2 . The modalities and conditions for performing these activities are specified
in the terms of reference attached to this specific agreement and being a
part of it.
3. The cooperation will be implemented within the limits of budgetary means
of each respective Goverrunent .
......
I
- 2 -
Article 3
Executing Agency
1.
The Government of the Kingdom of Belgium designates the Belgian
Administration for Development Cooperation (B.A.D.C.) as its
Executing Agency.
The B.A.D.C . is represented in Indonesia by the Development
Cooperation Section of the Belgian Embassy in Jakarta.
For reasons of efficiency , the B.A.D.C. will entrust the implementation of its contribution to (an) experienced
ｳｵ｢｣ｯｮｴｲ｡ｾＨＩＮ＠
The subcontractor(s) shall be renowned for its (their) experience
in the field of research of telecommunication systems and of the
advanced technology and acceptable to the Government of the
Republic of Indonesia.
2.
The Government of the Republ ic of Indonesia designates the National
Electronics and Electrical Research Institute (L.E,N.), Indonesian
Institute of Sciences (L .I.P.I . ), as its Executing Agency.
Article 4
Contribution of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia
l.
The contribution of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia,
in accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations , comprises
a) the office and laboratory of the L.E,N.
b) provision of the technical materials and meters necessary
for carrying out the research including furniture and office
equipment such as typewriters, calculators and telephones for
domestic calls
c) the appointment of administrative and technical personnel for the
L.E.N. ;
d) the selection of trainees ;
e) the operating and maintena nce cost of the Research Institute
f) the appointment of Indonesian experts as counterparts to the
Belgian team ;
g) the local transportation cost and cost of accomodation during the
surveys for the Indonesian counterparts as well as the local overland
transport for the Belgian experts duri ng the surveys of the areas.
.....
I
- 3 -
These contributions are specified in the attached Tenns of Reference.
They are due whatever their changing prices.
2.
The Government of the Republic of Indonesia, in accordance with the
prevailing laws and regulations, shall :
a) do its utmost to see that the Indonesian counterparts will be in a
position to fully devote themselves to the Project for its duration
b) provide the Belgian experts with the exemptions and privileges
mentioned in irticle 7 of the General Agreement on Technical
Cooperation of June 16, 1969 ;
c) as stipulated in Article 10 of the said General Agreement, grant
exoneration from all duties, other levies and taxes on the
technical
apparatus mentioned hereafter in Article 5, paragraph l.c)
d) take care of the storage and the custody of the equipment supplied
by Belgium;
e) provide the available reports , maps, library documents, technical
data and other infonnation required for the proper implementation
of the Project
f) give the required agreement for the Belgian experts.
Article 5
Contribution of the Government of the Kingdom of Belgium
1. The contribution of the Government of the Kingdom of Belgium consists of
the total cost of :
a) the services of the agreed experts, their international and domestic
travel, (except for overland transportation during the surveys)
their international telecommunication expenses, their board and
lodging ;
b) accommodation during the surveys for the Belgian experts
c) the laboratory equipment and its maintenance ;
d) the scholarships or (and) the fellowships granted to the Indonesian
research workers, including their international travel for a total
of 192 man/months within the limit of the annual quota of fellowships
and scholarships attributed to Indonesia .
These contributions are specified in the attached Tenns of Reference.
I
- 4 -
They are due whatever their changing prices.
2.
The Government of the Kingdom of Belgium shall bear also the
freight charges of the supplied
instruments and equipment up to
the airport of destination in Indonesia, the cost of unloading
and transportation from the airport to the Project site and the
cost of insurance.
3.
The apparatus and equipment suppl ied by the Government of the
Kingdom of Belgium as its contribution to the Project will be
utilized exclusively for the implementation of the Project and
remain the property of the Government of the Kingdom of Be lgium
for the whole duration of the Project.
Before terminating the Project, the Belgian and Indonesian
Governments will consult each other on the future destination
of this equipment and on the modalities of transfer of ownership
to the Indonesian Government or to a national institute.
Article 6
Control and evaluation
1.
Both Governments may review the aims and objectives of the Project
and if necessary, discuss the main problems occuring during the
implementation of the Project , at the convening of the Joint
Commission for this purpos e.
2.
At any time , both Governments may supervise and/or control
on the spot the state of progress of the Project.
3.
Where necessary and after consultation both Governments may
evaluate the Project or part of its implementation aspects .
Article 7
Settlement of dispute
Any dispute between the two Governments arising out of the
interpretation or implementation of the Specific Agreement shall be
settled amicably by consultation or negotiation.
I
-
- 5 -
Article
8
Entering into force and validity
This Specific Agreement shall enter into force on the date of its
signing and shall remain in force until the completion of the Project.
IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned duly authorized have signed this
Specific Agreement.
DONE at
Jakarta
on
September
s,
1981
in duplicate in the English language.
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE
REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
KINGDOM OF BELGIUM
Signed
Prof . Dr.Ir. H. Tb. BACHTIAR RIFAI
Chairman, Indonesian Institute
of Sciences,
I
Signed
JACQUES I D'HONDT
Ambassador,
ｔｆｒｾｓ＠
OF REFERfNCE
PROJECT TITLE
comll'NI CA TI ON TECHNOLOGIES
FOR DEVELOPING INFRASTRUCTURES
OUTSIDE JAVA ISLAND
Proposed By
THE NATIONAL ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL
RESEARCH INSTITUTE
(L . E.N.)
Sponsored By
INDONESIAN INSTITURE OF SCIENCES
(LIPI)
I . L':\Cl\G:CX
I. l.
\!)
.'\..\1J Sl1 1JY>P.Tl '.\1( • CJ'O! !:,'.!\ T IO;:
Justification of the project
ｾＡ｡Ｎｳｩ｜ﾷ･＠
pror--rarrs of clC'velopment, inl'luding power generation, mining,
agriculture, transmigration, education, tourism and new industry all
create direct and indirect denand for telecormrunication facilities
in areas of la.\· population and low income.
The social and economic needs for telecoomw1ications are clearly
recognized at political le\'els in terms not only of industrial
efficiency, but also of social stability and developrrent.
This recognition is reflected in subtantial allocations of national
as well as international funds .
Isclated corrmunities \\ith large areas of sparse population such a.s
rrostly are
found outside Java Island , have seriousl) addressed special
telecomnunications requirements and sorne
ｮ･ｾﾷ＠
approaches including
the 10\r cost for connection of isolated commmities into national
and regional networks.
In isolation, they have appeared resistant to s i gnificant improverrent. High costs have led to low demand, loN investrrent, static
technology, continued application of obsolete techniques and
perpetuation of the consequent high costs .
.A change
in
perspect i \'e has to be introduced by radical changes in
world economic, social and poJitical priorities and by technological advances.
Higher m.thornies ap;reed that something had to be clone to stop
migration from the rur::i.l area to the cities, or at least.
reduce it.
､ｲ｡ｾ
Ｂ ｴ＠
ically
ｾ＠
.
'
- 2 -
A considerable aITDunt of research has been conducted concerning relief
of certain national problerrs through the shifting of population
from
urban areas to rural areas.
Since optirrn.nl ability to acquire, organize and use info:nnation is dependent
on telecamrunications, lack of such services to rural residents will
produce a new underclass of citizens who will lack the rreans by which
they can successfully canpete or even function in the national development.
In the frarre work national development strategy long tenn as well as
medium term it has been decided to provide telecoonrunication services
increasingly to rural area. Because it is fully realized that rural
population can have availability sufficient teleconnrunication.
Hural
ｴ･ＱＧＮＺｾ｣｡ｮｭｩｯ＠
might have major influences on the dispersion
of industry and population from our rmjor urbanized areas and on the
reduction of migration from the rural areas.
Dispersal of such industry
and population, and reduction of such migration, are national priorities.
The long term solution to national problems is "a total change in our
population distribution as well as in our life style'' and a major component of this plan calls for diligent application of already existing
cammnications technology, adaptation of this technology whereby at the
same tine the necessity of participation of Indonesia capabilities s hall
be enhanced to enable to achieve of this objective cooperation between
L.E.N. - LIPI with foreign parties is deemed necessary.
#
- 3 I.2.
Name of the Project
''ffilMUNICATION TEClThDI.lXrIES FOR DEVELOPING INFRAS1RUCil.'RE OUTSIDE
JAVA ISi.AND"
Supporting infonnation
'Ibe planning process for telecorrmunication networks involves the
selection of facility types, (i.e. : switches, transmission systems
and local distribution cables), their configuration, and the timing
of facility placements and subsequent additions such that the demu1ds
for service are met in a cost effective manner.
A comnunication system requires channels for transmission of infonnation and switching arrangements to interconnect the channels.
The switching systan may represent about one-half of the cost.
other portion of the cost i s for the transmission channels.
telephone system, this is primarily copper cost, the cost of
'Ibe
In a
the
cable pairs between subscribers and central office, and between
offices. One way to reduce the arrrnmt of cable is to locate part
of the central office (line concentrators) in small pieces near to
groups of subscribers. Further cable length reduction can be realized
by adopting a ring system of distribution in developing areas where
subscribers are sparsely spread.
In rural telecorrmunication systems, where cost is of prime irrportance,
reduction in size, weight and power requirements of teleconnrunication
equipment, drastically reduce costs and constraints caused by requirements for housing, storage, transportation, installation and power for
telecomnunications equipment.
Substitution of electronic switches for electrarechanical switches rm.;•
afforcl indirect s' factors involved in any particular case.
111is is another important part of the resParch project.
There are sorre factors which now make microwave a bonaf ide transmission
medium for POL
- 6 -
These factors are
The extensive use of digital carrier and the need for microwave as
an alternative to cable in same portions of the conmunications plant
without reverting to analog format.
Irrproved rmdulation technics and cross - polarized transnission that
pennit rrore efficient spectrum occupancy for P· on economic trade off considerations,
which are influenced by the regularity policy, the t»pe of traffic,
and its growth pattern .
HO\\-e\'er. i f one examines the projected growth of digi ta.J traffic,
the comparati \'el:Y' low cost of digital transmission, digital tenninal
and S\\itching equipment, one would be reasonably assured that digital
s>·sterrs wi 11 find their appli cations in the future.
The l ong r ange objectiH' is the optimum nationwide appl ic::ition of
｢ｾＭ
this tE:>c:hrnilogy in the future telPcOITTT!lmication network, supJY>rted
an ef fecti\·e national rnanufacturing industries.
12
III .
PLAN
or
OI'ERATIOK
The plan of operation will be worked out with the foreign experts
in the early stages of the project, taking into account the considerations given in Annex 1 - Paragraph 1 on pages 1 and 2.
The propos· ., 1 procedure to realize the present project in collaoorations with the foreign experts is fully explained in Annex 1 - Paragraph 2 on pages 3 - 4 - 5.
The activities which should be included in the plan of operations and
which are in line with the hereabove mentioned procedure will include
1.
A study of telephone local network structure in areas of low subscriber density.
- Ketwork System·
- Frequency characteristic and noise measurerrents
- Loop impedance and return loss measurements (line to line loss)
- Transmission Testing of Subscribers line
- etc.
2.
Propagation measurenents on the project sites for transmitter
net\\.Drks planning purposes. In this v.ork1 will be considered all
the usual loss, narr'€ly atrrospheric multipath, reflections, obstructions and rainfall.
3.
A study of Pulse Code Uodulation (PCM) and some other forns of
digital
4.
Studies of Digital Transmission Systems, Digital 0xchanges, and
Time Division
5.
ion.
ｾ｢､ｵｬ｡ｴ＠
ｾｨｬｴｩｰ･ｸｮｧ＠
(ID1 )
.
Studies of introducing Digital Techniques in existing analog netv,orks.
6.
To prese.nt n. New Corrmunication System Concept. It is primarily a
di{::ital system.
,.
Studies of Digital Ccmnuni cati on
ｓｾ［ｳｴ･ｭ＠
Equiprn:>nts for areas of
- J3 -
low subscrilx'r
8.
､｣ｮｳｩｴｾﾷＮ＠
To present a research rrodel which derronstrates the technical and
economical feasibilities of a Digital Telecormrunication System in
areas of low populations and low incane.
These activities will cover
Route and site selection
Propagation measurerrents to study the influence of terrain and the
troposphere on propagation
ｾＧｯ､ｵｬ｡ｴｩｮ＠
techniques and the application
Pulse Code
ｾｬｯ､ｵ｡ｴｩｮ＠
Sampling
- Quart izing
- Encoding
POl Hul tiplexing
Supervision and alarms
Digital transmission on
Existing cable
- New Cable
- Radio
Regeneration of digital signals
Line System Design :
Cable utilization
Imnunity to noise
Digital switching and netv.ork synchronization
Higher rate digital systems
etc.
14
ff .
D('TI:P!\AL M1D
ｃＺｄ｜Ｇｅｐｊﾷｎｾｴｲ＠
INPL'TS
1. E.xternal Inputs
It is expected in this project to have 8 man years experts covered
by 5 experts who will train and supervise the research workers
in
the National Electronics and Electrical Research Institute.
The experts required are
1. One experts in Telecomnunications Network planning during 24
rronths .
'Ihe requirements for this post are :
Experience
ｾｬｩｮ＠
imum 5 (five) years in industry, research
or university laboratory .
Age
35 - 45 years
Language
English
Specification
Has experience in Network planning
2. Che expert on Radio Wave Propagation during 18 rronths .
The requirements for this post are :
Experience
5 (five) years in industry, research
ｾＱｩｮｭｵ＠
or university laboratory.
Age
35 - 45 years
Language
English
Specification
Has e:>..-perience in Radio Wave Propagation and
should have experience in telephone switching
3. Che expert on Analoque Telephone Switching Systan during 18 rronths.
The requirements for this post are :
Experience
5 (five) years in industry, research
ｾｬｩｮｭｴＮｲ＠
or university laboratory.
Age
35 - 45
Language
English
Specificati on
Has experj ence in Telephone S\ri t ching S:-·s ten:
ｾ Ｑ ｡ｲｳ＠･
- 15 -
4. 01e e}..-pert on Transnission systems during 12 rronths.
The requirerrents for this post are
E."\.l)erience
5 ( fi \'e) years in industry, research
ｾｬｩｮｭｵ＠
or university laboratory.
Age
35 - 45 years
Language
English
Specification
Has experience in Transmission systans design
and application
::>.
One c:,.q1ert on Digital Telephone Switching systoo during 18 rronths.
1110
requirements for this post are :
E.-....-pcrience
5 (fhe) years in indW::;tr>·, research
ｾＡｩｮｭｵ＠
or uni \·ersity laboratory.
..l.ge
35 - 45 years
l.3Dgll::tge
English
Specification
Has experience in Digital Switching ｳｾＺｴ｡ｮＮ＠
.!\. E. E . R. I.
Description of the job in
Full detailed description of the tasks of the five e>..-perts is given
in Annex 1 - parag-raph 3 - page 6 to 10.
ｾｬｯｮｴｨｹ＠
progress reports have to be v.ritten by the e>..rierts and 3
rronthly action assignment reports will be made jointly b» LEK ar..d the
P:"l.TJerts. These action assignment reports wi 11 detern1inc the study and
pla'1Iling direction for the nex'i: 3 rmnths period.
The instu-ance, allowance,
ｨｯｵＮ
be paid by the do nor country.
ｾ ｩｮｧＬ＠
trans portation for the ex-perts \\ill
- 16 1.
ｦ･ｬｯｾｳｨｩｰ＠
A total am.Junt of 16 man years
ｉ･ｬｯｾｳｨｩｰ＠
is included in this project
in order to train Indonesian Engineers in specific Telecamrunication
subjects
Telecarrnunication network planning : 4 engineers for 6 rronths.
- Digital switching and transnission system : 8 engjneers for 1 year
-
and
ｾｲ｡ｴｩｯｮ＠
ｾｬ｡ｩｮｴ･｣＠
for Digital Switching and transmission
equipment
Full details regarding the proposed training program in Belgium of the
fello.\'ship is given in Annex 2 - pages 1 to 5 .
A list of measuring and test equipment to be supplied by donor country
is given in Annex 3.
2.
r'°vernment Inputs
- 'Ihe office and laboratory of the National Electronics and Electrical
Research Institute located in Bandung, which can provide certain
equipment such as VHF and l1IIF field strength meter, VHF, 11-IF and J.
band generator, VSWR meter,
to 500
ｖｔ｜ｾＱＮ＠
ｾＱＡＭＮｺＬ＠
ｾ･､｡ｮ｣＠
bridge, frequency counter up
VHF and UHF AM/FM generator, VHF high power generator,
sloted line up to 4 GHz, low frequency distortion analyzer,
transistor parameter checker, etc.
'Ihe budget expected fran the governrrent is Rp. 1. 000. 000. 000. - in
five years.
- C.Ounterparts for the ex"Perts
Sufficient counterparts for the experts will be provided by 1..EN in
order to ensure the srrooth progress of the project and to meet
the targets.
- 17 -
\".
ｄｬｾ＠
....\TIO:\
or
'IHI PRQ.JECT
This project will requirP 5 ( fi.ve) working years to complete lx)th
software and hardware activities.
A schedule of the project to
be realized by the 5 ex-perts and covering
2 consecutive years with a total of 90 manm:mths (8 m. years) is given
in Annex 1 - paragraph 4 - page 11.
A schedule of the Training Program of the fellowship for 192 rnanrronths
is given in Annex 2 - paragraph 5 - page 6.
To be at.tached to the Specific Agreement
bet\\·een the Cc)\·ernment of the
Republic oJ Indonesia and the ('J(,':ernmeni. of tlle Kingdon1 of Belgi.t.un on
the Jmplerrentation of the project : Cormruni cation cechno logies for
developing infrastructures outside Java Island .
Signed at
Jakarta.
FDR IBE GO\ ＧﾣｒｭＡｅｽｾ＠
OF 'IHf
RIJ'l13UC OF Il\DG.l:.Sl/\....
on
September 8, 1981
FDR 'rnE
ｇｏｙｉｒｾＱｅ｜Ｇｔ＠
KINGW.l OF
OF THE
ｂｅｕｬｾ＠
Signed
Signed
Prof.Dr.Ir. H. Tb. BACHTIAR RIFAI
JACQUES I D 1 HONDT
Chairman , Indonesian Institu te
of Sciences ,
Ambassador,
AXI\T.X
1
TI11'CXY"fl1'1CATION 'ITD!l\Dl.JY-!F$ FOH
ｃＧｬＱｾﾷｉｐｆ＠
1.
.JAVA
ｉＺｎｆＧｐ｟ａｾｦｩｕｃｔｬｅ＠
f'FYELOP'T\'T
ｃｄｾＭｓｉｆＮｒａｔｏｎ＠
The imnediate objecti\'e (parag. II.l. of Terms of Heference)
indicates a number of 6 Begions to be studied.
of these Regions include several area's, a full ''site by
As 4
site•· area study will require too rrruch time and too rrruch effort
for the proposc:>d i:rroup of 5 experts and for the runplitude of the
presont pro;ect .
.\ good solution wlth nearly accurate results can be reached by
a samp1e survey.
t>rpical area's cases can be se1ected Ior survcv and
ｾ･｜ﾷｲ｡ｬ＠
anal:i"se. If necessaIJ_:. preliminary and qUJ ck surveys could be
made to determine the rrost typical one.
The other area's which
not be presently analysed can be
ｾｩｬ＠
assirrilated to one of these studiec' typical area cases.
For final result of ea.ch of the G BeRions,
a pfra l area wi 11 be transferred to LEN. it wi 11 be ens>· to rea 1 ise
the
ｾｴｵ､ＺＭ
of the rcn1 case .
- l -
A pr01 imi ｮ｡Ｎｲｾﾷ＠
nude by
prnposi t 10n rr'plrcli ng
t
hf' aren desi ｾｭ｡ｴ＠
ion ha.s l >
I
SPECIFIC AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC
OF INDONESIA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUM ON THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT "COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
FOR DEVELOPING INFRASTRUCTURES OUTSIDE JAVA ISLAND"
The Goverrunent of the Republic of Indonesia
and
the Goverrunent of the Kingdom of Belgium,
Within the framework of the General Agreement on Technical Cooperation
of June 16 , 1969 ;
Desiring to further promote the development of communication technologies;
Wanting to cooperate in the implementation of the Project described hereafter;
Have agreed as follows :
Article 1
Objectives of the project
The objectives of the Project are to solve the communication problems
and improve the infrastructure of the area outside Java Island by conducing research and development of a suitable telecommunication system which
is economically and technically feasible and which takes into account local
condition of the thousands of Indonesian islands.
Article 2
Modalities of the project
1 . This Specific Agreement lays down the modalities of the cooperation with
the view of :
a) . conducting a joint research by senior expatriate experts and
Indonesian experts;
b). training for Indonesian research workers;
c). Supplying laboratory equipment and utilizing the available facilities,
data , and supporting personnel for the effective implementation of
the Project .
2 . The modalities and conditions for performing these activities are specified
in the terms of reference attached to this specific agreement and being a
part of it.
3. The cooperation will be implemented within the limits of budgetary means
of each respective Goverrunent .
......
I
- 2 -
Article 3
Executing Agency
1.
The Government of the Kingdom of Belgium designates the Belgian
Administration for Development Cooperation (B.A.D.C.) as its
Executing Agency.
The B.A.D.C . is represented in Indonesia by the Development
Cooperation Section of the Belgian Embassy in Jakarta.
For reasons of efficiency , the B.A.D.C. will entrust the implementation of its contribution to (an) experienced
ｳｵ｢｣ｯｮｴｲ｡ｾＨＩＮ＠
The subcontractor(s) shall be renowned for its (their) experience
in the field of research of telecommunication systems and of the
advanced technology and acceptable to the Government of the
Republic of Indonesia.
2.
The Government of the Republ ic of Indonesia designates the National
Electronics and Electrical Research Institute (L.E,N.), Indonesian
Institute of Sciences (L .I.P.I . ), as its Executing Agency.
Article 4
Contribution of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia
l.
The contribution of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia,
in accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations , comprises
a) the office and laboratory of the L.E,N.
b) provision of the technical materials and meters necessary
for carrying out the research including furniture and office
equipment such as typewriters, calculators and telephones for
domestic calls
c) the appointment of administrative and technical personnel for the
L.E.N. ;
d) the selection of trainees ;
e) the operating and maintena nce cost of the Research Institute
f) the appointment of Indonesian experts as counterparts to the
Belgian team ;
g) the local transportation cost and cost of accomodation during the
surveys for the Indonesian counterparts as well as the local overland
transport for the Belgian experts duri ng the surveys of the areas.
.....
I
- 3 -
These contributions are specified in the attached Tenns of Reference.
They are due whatever their changing prices.
2.
The Government of the Republic of Indonesia, in accordance with the
prevailing laws and regulations, shall :
a) do its utmost to see that the Indonesian counterparts will be in a
position to fully devote themselves to the Project for its duration
b) provide the Belgian experts with the exemptions and privileges
mentioned in irticle 7 of the General Agreement on Technical
Cooperation of June 16, 1969 ;
c) as stipulated in Article 10 of the said General Agreement, grant
exoneration from all duties, other levies and taxes on the
technical
apparatus mentioned hereafter in Article 5, paragraph l.c)
d) take care of the storage and the custody of the equipment supplied
by Belgium;
e) provide the available reports , maps, library documents, technical
data and other infonnation required for the proper implementation
of the Project
f) give the required agreement for the Belgian experts.
Article 5
Contribution of the Government of the Kingdom of Belgium
1. The contribution of the Government of the Kingdom of Belgium consists of
the total cost of :
a) the services of the agreed experts, their international and domestic
travel, (except for overland transportation during the surveys)
their international telecommunication expenses, their board and
lodging ;
b) accommodation during the surveys for the Belgian experts
c) the laboratory equipment and its maintenance ;
d) the scholarships or (and) the fellowships granted to the Indonesian
research workers, including their international travel for a total
of 192 man/months within the limit of the annual quota of fellowships
and scholarships attributed to Indonesia .
These contributions are specified in the attached Tenns of Reference.
I
- 4 -
They are due whatever their changing prices.
2.
The Government of the Kingdom of Belgium shall bear also the
freight charges of the supplied
instruments and equipment up to
the airport of destination in Indonesia, the cost of unloading
and transportation from the airport to the Project site and the
cost of insurance.
3.
The apparatus and equipment suppl ied by the Government of the
Kingdom of Belgium as its contribution to the Project will be
utilized exclusively for the implementation of the Project and
remain the property of the Government of the Kingdom of Be lgium
for the whole duration of the Project.
Before terminating the Project, the Belgian and Indonesian
Governments will consult each other on the future destination
of this equipment and on the modalities of transfer of ownership
to the Indonesian Government or to a national institute.
Article 6
Control and evaluation
1.
Both Governments may review the aims and objectives of the Project
and if necessary, discuss the main problems occuring during the
implementation of the Project , at the convening of the Joint
Commission for this purpos e.
2.
At any time , both Governments may supervise and/or control
on the spot the state of progress of the Project.
3.
Where necessary and after consultation both Governments may
evaluate the Project or part of its implementation aspects .
Article 7
Settlement of dispute
Any dispute between the two Governments arising out of the
interpretation or implementation of the Specific Agreement shall be
settled amicably by consultation or negotiation.
I
-
- 5 -
Article
8
Entering into force and validity
This Specific Agreement shall enter into force on the date of its
signing and shall remain in force until the completion of the Project.
IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned duly authorized have signed this
Specific Agreement.
DONE at
Jakarta
on
September
s,
1981
in duplicate in the English language.
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE
REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
KINGDOM OF BELGIUM
Signed
Prof . Dr.Ir. H. Tb. BACHTIAR RIFAI
Chairman, Indonesian Institute
of Sciences,
I
Signed
JACQUES I D'HONDT
Ambassador,
ｔｆｒｾｓ＠
OF REFERfNCE
PROJECT TITLE
comll'NI CA TI ON TECHNOLOGIES
FOR DEVELOPING INFRASTRUCTURES
OUTSIDE JAVA ISLAND
Proposed By
THE NATIONAL ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL
RESEARCH INSTITUTE
(L . E.N.)
Sponsored By
INDONESIAN INSTITURE OF SCIENCES
(LIPI)
I . L':\Cl\G:CX
I. l.
\!)
.'\..\1J Sl1 1JY>P.Tl '.\1( • CJ'O! !:,'.!\ T IO;:
Justification of the project
ｾＡ｡Ｎｳｩ｜ﾷ･＠
pror--rarrs of clC'velopment, inl'luding power generation, mining,
agriculture, transmigration, education, tourism and new industry all
create direct and indirect denand for telecormrunication facilities
in areas of la.\· population and low income.
The social and economic needs for telecoomw1ications are clearly
recognized at political le\'els in terms not only of industrial
efficiency, but also of social stability and developrrent.
This recognition is reflected in subtantial allocations of national
as well as international funds .
Isclated corrmunities \\ith large areas of sparse population such a.s
rrostly are
found outside Java Island , have seriousl) addressed special
telecomnunications requirements and sorne
ｮ･ｾﾷ＠
approaches including
the 10\r cost for connection of isolated commmities into national
and regional networks.
In isolation, they have appeared resistant to s i gnificant improverrent. High costs have led to low demand, loN investrrent, static
technology, continued application of obsolete techniques and
perpetuation of the consequent high costs .
.A change
in
perspect i \'e has to be introduced by radical changes in
world economic, social and poJitical priorities and by technological advances.
Higher m.thornies ap;reed that something had to be clone to stop
migration from the rur::i.l area to the cities, or at least.
reduce it.
､ｲ｡ｾ
Ｂ ｴ＠
ically
ｾ＠
.
'
- 2 -
A considerable aITDunt of research has been conducted concerning relief
of certain national problerrs through the shifting of population
from
urban areas to rural areas.
Since optirrn.nl ability to acquire, organize and use info:nnation is dependent
on telecamrunications, lack of such services to rural residents will
produce a new underclass of citizens who will lack the rreans by which
they can successfully canpete or even function in the national development.
In the frarre work national development strategy long tenn as well as
medium term it has been decided to provide telecoonrunication services
increasingly to rural area. Because it is fully realized that rural
population can have availability sufficient teleconnrunication.
Hural
ｴ･ＱＧＮＺｾ｣｡ｮｭｩｯ＠
might have major influences on the dispersion
of industry and population from our rmjor urbanized areas and on the
reduction of migration from the rural areas.
Dispersal of such industry
and population, and reduction of such migration, are national priorities.
The long term solution to national problems is "a total change in our
population distribution as well as in our life style'' and a major component of this plan calls for diligent application of already existing
cammnications technology, adaptation of this technology whereby at the
same tine the necessity of participation of Indonesia capabilities s hall
be enhanced to enable to achieve of this objective cooperation between
L.E.N. - LIPI with foreign parties is deemed necessary.
#
- 3 I.2.
Name of the Project
''ffilMUNICATION TEClThDI.lXrIES FOR DEVELOPING INFRAS1RUCil.'RE OUTSIDE
JAVA ISi.AND"
Supporting infonnation
'Ibe planning process for telecorrmunication networks involves the
selection of facility types, (i.e. : switches, transmission systems
and local distribution cables), their configuration, and the timing
of facility placements and subsequent additions such that the demu1ds
for service are met in a cost effective manner.
A comnunication system requires channels for transmission of infonnation and switching arrangements to interconnect the channels.
The switching systan may represent about one-half of the cost.
other portion of the cost i s for the transmission channels.
telephone system, this is primarily copper cost, the cost of
'Ibe
In a
the
cable pairs between subscribers and central office, and between
offices. One way to reduce the arrrnmt of cable is to locate part
of the central office (line concentrators) in small pieces near to
groups of subscribers. Further cable length reduction can be realized
by adopting a ring system of distribution in developing areas where
subscribers are sparsely spread.
In rural telecorrmunication systems, where cost is of prime irrportance,
reduction in size, weight and power requirements of teleconnrunication
equipment, drastically reduce costs and constraints caused by requirements for housing, storage, transportation, installation and power for
telecomnunications equipment.
Substitution of electronic switches for electrarechanical switches rm.;•
afforcl indirect s' factors involved in any particular case.
111is is another important part of the resParch project.
There are sorre factors which now make microwave a bonaf ide transmission
medium for POL
- 6 -
These factors are
The extensive use of digital carrier and the need for microwave as
an alternative to cable in same portions of the conmunications plant
without reverting to analog format.
Irrproved rmdulation technics and cross - polarized transnission that
pennit rrore efficient spectrum occupancy for P· on economic trade off considerations,
which are influenced by the regularity policy, the t»pe of traffic,
and its growth pattern .
HO\\-e\'er. i f one examines the projected growth of digi ta.J traffic,
the comparati \'el:Y' low cost of digital transmission, digital tenninal
and S\\itching equipment, one would be reasonably assured that digital
s>·sterrs wi 11 find their appli cations in the future.
The l ong r ange objectiH' is the optimum nationwide appl ic::ition of
｢ｾＭ
this tE:>c:hrnilogy in the future telPcOITTT!lmication network, supJY>rted
an ef fecti\·e national rnanufacturing industries.
12
III .
PLAN
or
OI'ERATIOK
The plan of operation will be worked out with the foreign experts
in the early stages of the project, taking into account the considerations given in Annex 1 - Paragraph 1 on pages 1 and 2.
The propos· ., 1 procedure to realize the present project in collaoorations with the foreign experts is fully explained in Annex 1 - Paragraph 2 on pages 3 - 4 - 5.
The activities which should be included in the plan of operations and
which are in line with the hereabove mentioned procedure will include
1.
A study of telephone local network structure in areas of low subscriber density.
- Ketwork System·
- Frequency characteristic and noise measurerrents
- Loop impedance and return loss measurements (line to line loss)
- Transmission Testing of Subscribers line
- etc.
2.
Propagation measurenents on the project sites for transmitter
net\\.Drks planning purposes. In this v.ork1 will be considered all
the usual loss, narr'€ly atrrospheric multipath, reflections, obstructions and rainfall.
3.
A study of Pulse Code Uodulation (PCM) and some other forns of
digital
4.
Studies of Digital Transmission Systems, Digital 0xchanges, and
Time Division
5.
ion.
ｾ｢､ｵｬ｡ｴ＠
ｾｨｬｴｩｰ･ｸｮｧ＠
(ID1 )
.
Studies of introducing Digital Techniques in existing analog netv,orks.
6.
To prese.nt n. New Corrmunication System Concept. It is primarily a
di{::ital system.
,.
Studies of Digital Ccmnuni cati on
ｓｾ［ｳｴ･ｭ＠
Equiprn:>nts for areas of
- J3 -
low subscrilx'r
8.
､｣ｮｳｩｴｾﾷＮ＠
To present a research rrodel which derronstrates the technical and
economical feasibilities of a Digital Telecormrunication System in
areas of low populations and low incane.
These activities will cover
Route and site selection
Propagation measurerrents to study the influence of terrain and the
troposphere on propagation
ｾＧｯ､ｵｬ｡ｴｩｮ＠
techniques and the application
Pulse Code
ｾｬｯ､ｵ｡ｴｩｮ＠
Sampling
- Quart izing
- Encoding
POl Hul tiplexing
Supervision and alarms
Digital transmission on
Existing cable
- New Cable
- Radio
Regeneration of digital signals
Line System Design :
Cable utilization
Imnunity to noise
Digital switching and netv.ork synchronization
Higher rate digital systems
etc.
14
ff .
D('TI:P!\AL M1D
ｃＺｄ｜Ｇｅｐｊﾷｎｾｴｲ＠
INPL'TS
1. E.xternal Inputs
It is expected in this project to have 8 man years experts covered
by 5 experts who will train and supervise the research workers
in
the National Electronics and Electrical Research Institute.
The experts required are
1. One experts in Telecomnunications Network planning during 24
rronths .
'Ihe requirements for this post are :
Experience
ｾｬｩｮ＠
imum 5 (five) years in industry, research
or university laboratory .
Age
35 - 45 years
Language
English
Specification
Has experience in Network planning
2. Che expert on Radio Wave Propagation during 18 rronths .
The requirements for this post are :
Experience
5 (five) years in industry, research
ｾＱｩｮｭｵ＠
or university laboratory.
Age
35 - 45 years
Language
English
Specification
Has e:>..-perience in Radio Wave Propagation and
should have experience in telephone switching
3. Che expert on Analoque Telephone Switching Systan during 18 rronths.
The requirements for this post are :
Experience
5 (five) years in industry, research
ｾｬｩｮｭｴＮｲ＠
or university laboratory.
Age
35 - 45
Language
English
Specificati on
Has experj ence in Telephone S\ri t ching S:-·s ten:
ｾ Ｑ ｡ｲｳ＠･
- 15 -
4. 01e e}..-pert on Transnission systems during 12 rronths.
The requirerrents for this post are
E."\.l)erience
5 ( fi \'e) years in industry, research
ｾｬｩｮｭｵ＠
or university laboratory.
Age
35 - 45 years
Language
English
Specification
Has experience in Transmission systans design
and application
::>.
One c:,.q1ert on Digital Telephone Switching systoo during 18 rronths.
1110
requirements for this post are :
E.-....-pcrience
5 (fhe) years in indW::;tr>·, research
ｾＡｩｮｭｵ＠
or uni \·ersity laboratory.
..l.ge
35 - 45 years
l.3Dgll::tge
English
Specification
Has experience in Digital Switching ｳｾＺｴ｡ｮＮ＠
.!\. E. E . R. I.
Description of the job in
Full detailed description of the tasks of the five e>..-perts is given
in Annex 1 - parag-raph 3 - page 6 to 10.
ｾｬｯｮｴｨｹ＠
progress reports have to be v.ritten by the e>..rierts and 3
rronthly action assignment reports will be made jointly b» LEK ar..d the
P:"l.TJerts. These action assignment reports wi 11 detern1inc the study and
pla'1Iling direction for the nex'i: 3 rmnths period.
The instu-ance, allowance,
ｨｯｵＮ
be paid by the do nor country.
ｾ ｩｮｧＬ＠
trans portation for the ex-perts \\ill
- 16 1.
ｦ･ｬｯｾｳｨｩｰ＠
A total am.Junt of 16 man years
ｉ･ｬｯｾｳｨｩｰ＠
is included in this project
in order to train Indonesian Engineers in specific Telecamrunication
subjects
Telecarrnunication network planning : 4 engineers for 6 rronths.
- Digital switching and transnission system : 8 engjneers for 1 year
-
and
ｾｲ｡ｴｩｯｮ＠
ｾｬ｡ｩｮｴ･｣＠
for Digital Switching and transmission
equipment
Full details regarding the proposed training program in Belgium of the
fello.\'ship is given in Annex 2 - pages 1 to 5 .
A list of measuring and test equipment to be supplied by donor country
is given in Annex 3.
2.
r'°vernment Inputs
- 'Ihe office and laboratory of the National Electronics and Electrical
Research Institute located in Bandung, which can provide certain
equipment such as VHF and l1IIF field strength meter, VHF, 11-IF and J.
band generator, VSWR meter,
to 500
ｖｔ｜ｾＱＮ＠
ｾＱＡＭＮｺＬ＠
ｾ･､｡ｮ｣＠
bridge, frequency counter up
VHF and UHF AM/FM generator, VHF high power generator,
sloted line up to 4 GHz, low frequency distortion analyzer,
transistor parameter checker, etc.
'Ihe budget expected fran the governrrent is Rp. 1. 000. 000. 000. - in
five years.
- C.Ounterparts for the ex"Perts
Sufficient counterparts for the experts will be provided by 1..EN in
order to ensure the srrooth progress of the project and to meet
the targets.
- 17 -
\".
ｄｬｾ＠
....\TIO:\
or
'IHI PRQ.JECT
This project will requirP 5 ( fi.ve) working years to complete lx)th
software and hardware activities.
A schedule of the project to
be realized by the 5 ex-perts and covering
2 consecutive years with a total of 90 manm:mths (8 m. years) is given
in Annex 1 - paragraph 4 - page 11.
A schedule of the Training Program of the fellowship for 192 rnanrronths
is given in Annex 2 - paragraph 5 - page 6.
To be at.tached to the Specific Agreement
bet\\·een the Cc)\·ernment of the
Republic oJ Indonesia and the ('J(,':ernmeni. of tlle Kingdon1 of Belgi.t.un on
the Jmplerrentation of the project : Cormruni cation cechno logies for
developing infrastructures outside Java Island .
Signed at
Jakarta.
FDR IBE GO\ ＧﾣｒｭＡｅｽｾ＠
OF 'IHf
RIJ'l13UC OF Il\DG.l:.Sl/\....
on
September 8, 1981
FDR 'rnE
ｇｏｙｉｒｾＱｅ｜Ｇｔ＠
KINGW.l OF
OF THE
ｂｅｕｬｾ＠
Signed
Signed
Prof.Dr.Ir. H. Tb. BACHTIAR RIFAI
JACQUES I D 1 HONDT
Chairman , Indonesian Institu te
of Sciences ,
Ambassador,
AXI\T.X
1
TI11'CXY"fl1'1CATION 'ITD!l\Dl.JY-!F$ FOH
ｃＧｬＱｾﾷｉｐｆ＠
1.
.JAVA
ｉＺｎｆＧｐ｟ａｾｦｩｕｃｔｬｅ＠
f'FYELOP'T\'T
ｃｄｾＭｓｉｆＮｒａｔｏｎ＠
The imnediate objecti\'e (parag. II.l. of Terms of Heference)
indicates a number of 6 Begions to be studied.
of these Regions include several area's, a full ''site by
As 4
site•· area study will require too rrruch time and too rrruch effort
for the proposc:>d i:rroup of 5 experts and for the runplitude of the
presont pro;ect .
.\ good solution wlth nearly accurate results can be reached by
a samp1e survey.
t>rpical area's cases can be se1ected Ior survcv and
ｾ･｜ﾷｲ｡ｬ＠
anal:i"se. If necessaIJ_:. preliminary and qUJ ck surveys could be
made to determine the rrost typical one.
The other area's which
not be presently analysed can be
ｾｩｬ＠
assirrilated to one of these studiec' typical area cases.
For final result of ea.ch of the G BeRions,
a pfra l area wi 11 be transferred to LEN. it wi 11 be ens>· to rea 1 ise
the
ｾｴｵ､ＺＭ
of the rcn1 case .
- l -
A pr01 imi ｮ｡Ｎｲｾﾷ＠
nude by
prnposi t 10n rr'plrcli ng
t
hf' aren desi ｾｭ｡ｴ＠
ion ha.s l >