Pembuatan Etil Ester Sebagai Biodiesel Dari Crude Palm Oil Menggunakan Katalis Choline Hydroxide

  

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

[1] Ma, Fangrui and Milford A. Hanna.

  “Biodiesel Production : A Review. , 70 : 1-15. 1999.

  Bioresource Technology [2] Izah, Sylvester C. and Elijah I. Ohimain.

  “The Challenge of Biodiesel Production from Oil Palm Feedstock in Nigeria

  ”. Greener Journal of Biological Sciences , 3(1) : 1-12. 2013. [3] Rahmadi, A. and Lu Aye

  . “Biodiesel from Palm Oil as An Alternative Fuel for Indonesia : Opportunities and Challenges ”. Destination renewable- ANZES . 2003.

  [4] Al Hakim, Hisyam Musthafa. “Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Produksi Crude

  Palm Oil (CPO) Kebun dan Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Pelaihari PT. Perkebunan Nusantara”. Tesis. Program Studi Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2013.

  [5] Abdullah, Nurul Fitriyah, Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap and Mahiran Basri.

  O “Biodiesel Production via Transesterification of Palm Oil Using NaOH/Al

  2

  3 Catalysts ”. Jurnal Sains Malaysiana, 40(6) : 587-594. 2011.

  [6] Singh, A., B. He, J. Thompson and J. Van Gerpen . “Process Optimization Of

  Biodiesel Production Using Alkaline Catalyst ”. Applied Engineering in Agriculture , 22(4) : 597-600. 2006.

  [7] Ejikeme, P. M., I. D. Anyaogu, C. L. Ejikeme, N. P. Nwafor, C. A. C.

  Egbuonu, K. Ukogu, and J. A. Ibemesi. “Catalysis in Biodiesel Production by Transesterification Processes-An Insight

  ”. E-Journal of Chemistry, 7(4) : 1120-1132. 2010. [8] Gnanaprakasam, A., V.M. Sivakumar, A. Surendhar, M. Thirumarimurugan dan T.

  Kannadasan. “Recent Strategy of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil and Process Influencing Parameters : A Review. Journal of Energy , 2013 : 1-10. 2013.

  [9] Le Tu Thanh, Kenji Okitsu, Luu Van Boi dan Yasuaki Maeda . “Catalytic

  Technologies for Biodiesel Fuel Production and Utilization of Glycerol : A Review. Catalysts, 2 : 191-222. 2012. [10] Ishak, Zati Ismah, Nor Asrina Sairi, Yatimah Alias, Mohamed Kheireddine

  Taieb Aroua and Rozita Yusoff ,. “Ionic Liquids as Green Catalysts for

  Transesterification Reactions to Produce Biodiesel and Glycerol Carbonate-A Review ”. Processing Technology. 2014.

  [11] Reddy, Eragam Ramamohan, Mukesh Sharma, Jai Prakash Chaudary, Hetel Bosamiya and Ramavatar Meena.

  “One-pot Synthesis of Biodiesel from High Catalyst ”. Current Science, 106(10) : 1394-1400. 2014. [12] Yanfei, H., H. Xiaoxiang, C. Qing dan Z. Lingxiao

  . “Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel by Brønsted-Type Ionic Liquid Acid Catalysts ”.

  Chemical Engineering & Technology , 36(9) : 1559 –1567. 2013.

  [13] Fan, Mingming., Jianglei Huang, Jing Yang and Pingbo Zhang . “Biodiesel

  Production by Transesterification Catalyzed by an Efficient Choline Ionic Liquid Catalyst ”. Applied Energy, 108 : 333–339. 2013.

  [14] Hayyan, Adeeb, Mohd Ali Hashim, Farouq S.Mjalli, Maan Hayyan and Inas M. AlNashef. “A novel Phosphonium-Based Deep Eutectic Catalyst for Biodiesel

  Production from Industrial Low Grade Crude Palm Oil”. Chemical , 92 : 81-88. 2013.

  Engineering Science

  [15] Hashim, Mohd Ali, Adeeb Hayyan, Farouq S.Mjalli, Maan Hayya and Inas M. Al

  Nashef. “Pre-Treatment of Crude Palm Oil Using Super Acid for Biodiesel Production

  ”. Int. J. of Sustainable Water and Environmental 3(1) : 19-24. 2011.

  Systems,

  [16] Frank, Ngando-Ebongue Georges, Mpondo-Mpondo Emmanuel Albert and Ewane Marcelle Astride. “Some Quality Parameters of Crude Palm Oil from Major Markets of Douala, Cameroon

  ”. African Journal of Food Science, 7(12) : 473-478. 2013. [17] Ohimain, Elijah I., Sylvester C. Izah and Amanda D. Fawari

  . “Quality Assessment of Crude Palm Oil Produced by Semi-Mechanized Processor in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

  ”. Discourse Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 1(11) : 171-181. 2013. [18] Suppalakpanya, Kittiphoom, Sukritthira Ratanawilai, Ruamporn Nikhom and

  Chakrit Tongurai. “Production of Ethyl Ester from Crude Palm Oil by Two- Step Reaction Using Continuous Microwave System

  ”. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology , 33(1) : 79-86. 2011. [19] Man, Y.B. Che, T. Haryati, H.M. Ghazali and B.A. Asbi. “Composition and

  Thermal Profile of Crude Palm Oil and Its Products ”. JAOCS, 76(2) : 237- 242. 1999.

  [20] Hossain, A. B. M. S. and A. N. Boyce. “Biodiesel Production From Waste

  Sunflower Cooking Oil as An Environmental Recycling Process and Renewable Energy Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science , 15(4) : 312- ”. 317. 2009.

  [21] Idusuyi, N., O.O Ajide an d R. Abu. “Biodiesel as an Alternative Energy Resource in Southwest Nigeria

  ”. International Journal of Science and [22] Szulczyk, Kenneth R. and Bruce A. McCarl.

  “Market Penetration of Biodiesel ”. International Journal of Energy and Environment, 1(1) : 53-68. 2010.

  [23] Standar Nasional Indonesia.

  “Biodiesel”. Badan Standardisasi Nasional. 2006.

  [24] Andreani, L. and J. D. Rocha. “Use of Ionic Liquids in Biodiesel Production : A review”. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 29(1) : 1-13. 2012.

  [25] Mamilla, Venkata Ramesh, M.V. Mallikarjun and Dr. G. Lakshmi Narayana Rao. “Biodiesel Production From Palm Oil by Transesterification Method”.

  , 4(8) : 83-88. 2012.

  International Journal of Current Research

  [26] Doorslaer, Charlie Van, Joos Wahlen, Pascal Mertens, Koen Binnemans and Dirk De Vos. “Immobilization of Molecular Catalysts in Supported Ionic Liquid Phases ”. Dalton Transactions, 39 : 8377–8390. 2010.

  [27] Zhang, Z. Conrad . “Catalytic Transformation of Carbohydrates and Lignin in

  Ionic Liquids ”. WIREs Energy and Environment, 00. 2013. [28]

  Korchnoy, Valentina. “Investigation of Choline Hydroxide for Selective Silicon Etch from a Gate Oxi de Failure Analysis Standpoint”. Intel Israel (74) Ltd., Haifa, Israel.

  [29] Sigma Aldrich. “Choline Hydroxide Solution”. Sigma Aldrich Catalog Product. 2014.

  [30] Anastopoulos, George, Ypatia Zannikou, Stamoulis Stournas and Stamatis Kalligeros

  . “Transesterification of Vegetable Oils with Ethanol and Characterization of The Key Fuel Properties of Ethyl Esters

  ”. Energies, 2 : 362-376. 2009. [31]

  Banga, sangita and Pradeep K. Varshney. “Effecf of Impurities on Performance of Biodiesel: A Review. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research , 69: 575-579. 2010.

  [32] W, Alnuami, Buthainah A., Etti C. J., Jassim L.I. and Gomes G. A. C.

  “Evaluation of Different Materials for Biodiesel Production”. International

Journal of Innovative and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) , 3(8). 2014.

[33] Ribeiro,

A., F. Castro and J.Carvalho. “Influence of Free Fatty Acid Content

  In Biodiesel Production on Non- Edible Oils”. Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities, Internatinal Conference . 2011.

  [34] Kusmiyati and Agung Sugiharto. Production of Biodiesel from Oleic and Methanol by Reactive Distillation. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction

  [35] Manurung, Renita, Melina Widyawati and Ricky Afrianto. “The Synthesis Biodiesel from Palm Oil Through Interesterification Using Imobilized Lipase Enzym as Catalyst. International Journal of Science and Engineering (IJSE), 7(2) : 174-177. 2014.

  [36] Ayustaningwarno, Fitriyono. “Proses Pengolahan dan Aplikasi Minyak Sawit Merah pada Industri Pangan”. Vitasphere, 2 : 1-11. 2012.

  [37] Manurung, Renita, Dania Khaerani Syabri dan Nadya Gema Bestari “Pembuatan Metil Ester sebagai Biodiesel dari Crude Palm Oil Menggunakan Katalis Choline Hydroxide

  ”. Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. 2015. [38] Lee, Jeong-

  Dong, Kristin D. Bilyeu and James Grover Shannon. “Genetics and Breeding for Modified Fatty Acid Profile in Soybean Oil”. Journal of

  Crop Science and Biotechnology , 10(4) “ 201-210. 2008.

  [39] Buasri, Achanai, Nattawut Chaiyut, Vorrada Loryuenyong, Chao Rodklum, Techit Chaikwan and Nanthakrit Kumphan. “Continuous Process for Biodiesel Production in Packed Bed Reactor from Waste Frying Oil Using Potassium Hydroxide Supported on Jatropha curcas Fruit Shell as Solid Catalyst ”. Applied Science, 2 : 641-653. 2012.

  [40] Kartika, I. Amalia, M. Yani, D. Ariono, Ph. Evon and L. Rigal. “Biodiesel production from jatropha seeds: Solvent extraction andin situ transesterification in a single step ”. Fuel, 106 : 111-117. 2013.

  [41] Zhang, Jianwei and Qingming Meng. “Preparation of KOH/CaO/C Supported Biodiesel Catalyst and Application Process

  ”. World Journal of Engineering and Technology , 2 : 184-191. 2014. [42]

  Manurung, Renita. “Optimasi dan Kinetika Transesterifikasi Minyak Sawit Menjadi Etil Ester”. Tesis. Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. 2005.

  [43] Encinar, J.M., J. F. Gonzalez, A. Pardal and G. Martinez. “Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil with Methanol In the Presence of Various Co-

  Solvents”.

  Proceeding Venice, Third International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste :8-11. 2010.

  [44] Pratas, Maria Jorge, Samuel V. D. Freitas, Mariana B. Oliveira, Silvia C.

  Monteiro, Alvaro S. Lima and Joao A. P. Coutinho. “Biodiesel Density: Experimental Measurements and Prediction Models ”. Acs journal. 2011.

  [45] Barabas, Istvan and Ioan-Adrian Todo rut. “Biodiesel Quality, Standards and Properties”. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania. 2011.

  [46] Agus, Rustam.

  “Harga Jual CPO Turun Lebih dari 10%”, Bisnis, 11 Mei 2015. [47]

  Fitra, Safrezi. “Mulai Maret 2015, Harga BBN Mengacu pada Biaya Produksi”. Katadata News & Research. 2 Maret 2015.