Korelasi Antara Jumlah Trombosit Dengan Kepadatan Parasit Pada Anak Dengan Infeksi Malaria
62
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
World Health Organization. Global Malaria Programme. World malaria
report 2011. Switzerland: WHO Press. 2011;66-75.
Laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Badan Penelitian dan
Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2013;76-82.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Epidemiologi malaria di Indonesia. Buletin
Jendela Data dan Informasi Kesehatan. 2011;1:2-3.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Batubara. Statistik Daerah
Kecamatan Lima Puluh 2014. Katalog BPS: 11010021219040.
Elyazar RF, Hay SI, KevinBaird J. Malaria distribution, prevalence,
drug resistance and control in Indonesia. Adv Parasitol. 2011;74:41175.
Narayanasamy K, Chery L, Basu A, Duraisingh MT, Escalante A,
Fowble J, et al. Malaria evolution in South Asia: Knowledge for control
and elimination. Acta Trop. 2012;121(3):256-66.
Pasaribu AP, Chokejindachai W, Sirivichayakul C, Tanomsing N,
Chavez I, et al. A randomized comparison of dehydroartemisinin,
piperaquine and artesunate combined with primaquine for radical
treatment of vivax malaria in Sumatera, Indonesia. J Infect Dis.
2013;208:1906-13.
Erhart LM, Yingyuen K, Chuanak N, Buathong N, Laoboonchai A,
Miller RS, et al. Hematologic and clinical indices of malaria in a semiimmune population of western Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;
70:8-14.
Kochar DK, Das A, Kochar A, Middha S, Acharya J, Tanwar GS, et al.
Thrombocytopenia in Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and
mixed infection malaria: A study from Binaker (Northwestern India).
Platelets. 2010;21(8):623-7.
Metanat M, Sharifi-Mood B. Malaria vivax and severe
thrombocytopenia in Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2010:5:69-70.
Kimbi HK, Sumbele IUN, Nweboh M, Anchang-Kimbi JK, Lum E, Nana
Y, et al. Malaria and haematologic parameters of pupils at different
altitudes along the slope of Mount Cameroon: a cross sectional study.
Mal J. 2013;12:193.
Gupta NK, Bansal SB, Jain UC, Sahare K. Study of thrombocytopenia
in patients of malaria.Trop Parasitol. 2013;3:58-61.
Lacerda MV, Maurao MP, Coelho HC, Santos JB. Thrombocytopenia
in malaria: who cares? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2011;106:52-63.
Maina RN, Walsh D, Gaddy C, Hongo C, Waitumbi J, Otiento L, et al.
Impact of Plasmodium falciparum infection on haematological
parameters in children living in Western Kenya. Mal J. 2010;9(3):S4.
Lathia TB, Joshi R. Can hematological parameters discriminate malaria
from nonmalarious acute febrile illness in the tropics? Indian J Med Sci.
2004; 58:239-44.
63
16. Soedarmo SS, Garna H, Hadinegoro SR, Satari HI. Malaria. Buku ajar
infeksi dan pediatrik tropis. Edisi ke-2. Jakarta : Ikatan Dokter Anak
Indonesia. 2008; h.408-37.
17. Direktorat Jenderal pengendalian penyakit dan penyehatan
lingkungan. Gebrak Malaria. Departemen Kesehatan RI. 2008.
18. Schumacher RF, Spinelli E. Malaria in children. Meditre J Hematol
Infect Dis. 2012;4:e2012073.
19. Langhorne J, Ndungu FM, Sponaas AM, K Marsh. Immunity to malaria:
more questions than answers. Nat Immunol. 2008;9, 725-32.
20. Stauffer W. Diagnosis and treatment of malaria in children. J Travel
Med. 2013; 37:1340-8.
21. Taylor WRJ, Widjaya H, Basri H, Ohrt C, Taufik T, Tjitra E, et al.
Changes in the total leukocyte and platelet counts in Papuan and non
Papuan adults from northeast Papua infected with acute Plasmodium
vivax or uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Mal J. 2008;7:259.
22. Rogier C, Gerardin P, Imbert P. Thrombocytopenia is predictive of
lethality in severe childhood falciparum malaria. Arch Dis Child.
2004;89:795-6.
23. Autino B. Pathogenesis of malaria in tissues and blood. Mediterr
Hematol Infect Dis. 2012;4.
24. Hoffbrand AV, Moss PAH. Essensial Haematology 6th Ed. London UK
: Wiley-Blackwell. 2007.
25. Setiabudy, Rahajuningsih D. Hemostasis dan Trombosis. Ed.4.FKUI
2009:1-5.
26. Harrison P. Platelet function analysis. Blood Rev. 2005;19:111-23.
27. Nathan and Oski's. Hematology and oncology of infancy and
childhood. 7th Ed. 2009;p406.
28. Lanzkowsky P. Manual of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. 5thEd.
2011;p345-52.
29. Mohanty Da, Marwaha N, Ghosh K, Sharma S, GArewal G, Shah S, et
al. Functional and ultrastuctural changes of platelets in malaria
infection. 1988;82:369-75.
30. Lou J, Donati YR, Juillard P, Giroud C, Vesin C, Grau GE, et al.
Platelets play an important role in TNF-induced microvascular
endothelial cell pathology. Am J Pathol. 1997;151:1397-405.
31. Wassmer SC, Lepolard C, Traore B, Pouvelle B, Gysin J, et al. Platelet
reorient Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocyte cytoadhesion to
activated endothelial cells. J Infect Dis. 2004;189:180-9.
32. Engwerda CR, Beattie L, Amante FH. The importance of spleen in
malaria. Trends Parasitol. 2005;21:75-80.
33. Watier H, Verwaerde C, Landau I, Werner E, Fontaine J, Capron A, et
al. T-cell dependent immunity and thrombocytopenia in rats infected
with Plasmodium chaubadi. Infect Immun. 1992;60: 136-42.
34. Urban BC, Hien TT, Day NP, Phu NH, Roberts R,Pongponratn E, et al.
Fatal Plasmodium falciparum malaria causes spesific patterns of
spenic architectural disorganization. Infect Immune. 2005; 73: 1986-94.
64
35. Kreil A, Wenisch C, Brittenham G, Looareesuwan S, PeckRadosavljevic M. Thrombopoietin in Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
Br J Haematol. 2000;109:534-6.
36. Lacerda MVG. Oliveira SL, Alecrim MGC. Splenic hematoma in a
patient with Plasmodium vivax malaria. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop.
2007;40:96-7.
37. Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Zanini G. Autoimmunity and malaria: what are they
doing together? Acta Trop. 2000;205-21.
38. Kelton JG, Keystone J, Moore J, Denomme G, Tozman E, Glynn M, et
al. Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia of malaria. J Clin
Invest.1983;71:832-6.
39. Beale PJ, Cormack JD, Oldrey TB. Thrombocytopenia in malaria with
Immunoglobulin (IgM) changes. Br Med J. 1972;1:345-9.
40. Lacerda MV, Alexandre MA, Santos PD, Arcanjo AR, Alecrim WD,
Alecrim MGC. Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura due to vivax
malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. Acta Trop. 2004;90:187-90.
41. Erel O, Vural H, Aksoy N, Aslan G, Ulukanligil M. Oxidative stress of
platelets and thrombocytopenia in patients with vivax malaria. Clin
Biochem. 2001;34:341-4.
42. Araujo CF, Lacerda MV, Abdalla DS, Lima ES. The role of platelet and
plasma markers of antioxidant status and oxidative stress in
thrombocytopenia among patients with vivax malaria. Mem Inst
Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:517-21.
43. McMoran BJ, Marshall VM. Platelet kill intraerythrocytic malarial
parasites and mediate survival to infection. Science. 2009;323:797800.
44. Ockenhause CF, Tandon NN, Magowan C, Jamieson GA, Chulay JD.
Identification of a platelet membrane glycoprotein as a falciparum
malaria sequestration receptor. Science. 1989; 243:1469-71.
45. Peyron F. Plasmodium falciparum growth inhibition by human platelet
in vitro. Parasitology.1989;99:317-22.
46. Files JC, Malpass TW, Yee EK, Ritchie JL, Harker LA. Studies of
human platelet alpha-granule release in vivo. Blood. 1981;58:607-18.
47. Love MS, Milholland MG, Mishra S, Kulkarni S, Freeman KB, et al.
Platelet factor 4 activity against P. falciparum its translation to
nonpeptidic mimics as antimalarials. Cell Host Microbe. 2012;12:81523.
48. Chaudhuri A, Zbrzezna V, Polykova J, Pogo AO, Hesselgesser J, et al.
Expression of the Duffy antigen in K562 cells. Evidence that it is the
human eryhtrocyte chemokine receptor. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:78358.
49. Laurer S, Van Wye, J, Harrison T, McManus H, Samuel BU, et al.
Vacuolar uptake of host components, and a role for cholesterol and
sphingomyelin in malarial infection. EMBO J. 2000;19:3556-64.
65
50. Borochovitz D, Crosley AL, Metz J. Disseminated intravascular
coagulation with fatal haemorrhage in cerebral malaria. Br Med J.
1979;2:170.
51. Bhattacharjee P, Dubey S, Gupta VK, Agarwal P, Mahato MP. The
clinicopathologic manifestations of plasmodium vivax malaria in
children. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7(5):861-7.
52. Jadhav UM, Patkar VS, Kadam NN. Thrombocytopenia in malaria –
correlation with type and severity of malaria. JAPI. 2004;52:615-8.
53. Bhandary N, Vikram GS, Shetty H. Thrombocytopenia in Malaria: A
clinical study. Biomed Res. 2011;22:489-91.
54. Makkar RP, Mukhopadhyay S, Monga A, Monga A, Gupta AK.
Plasmodium vivax malaria presenting with severe thrombocytopenia.
Braz J Infect Dis. 2002;6:263-5.
55. Patel U, Gandhi G, Friedman S, Niranjan S. Thrombocytopenia in
malaria. J Natl Med Assoc. 2004;96(9):1212-4.
56. Fitri LE, Sardjono TW, Hermansyah B, Candradikusuma D, BerensRiha N. Unusual presentation of vivax malaria with anaemia,
thrombocytopenia, jaundice, renal disturbance, and melena:a report
from Malang, a nonendemic area in Indonesia. Hindawi Publish Corp.
2013;686348.
57. Khan SJ, Abbass Y, Marwat MA. Thrombocytopenia as an indicator of
malaria in adult population. Mal Res Treat. 2012.ID405981,1-4.
58. Adedapo AD, Falade CO, Kotila RT, Ademowo GO. Age as a risk
factor for thrombocytopenia and anemia in children treated for acute
uncomplicated falciparum malaria. J Vector Borne Dis. 2007;44:26671.
59. Elawad MEH, Jobran JM, Duya AA. Immunoglobulin therapy for severe
thrombocytopenia complicating falciparum malaria. Trop Med Int
Health.1999;4(12):812-3.
60. Rebulla P. Revisitation of the clinical indications for the transfusion of
platelet concentrates. Hematol. 2011;5(3):288-310.
61. Franchini
M.
Heparin-induced
thrombocytopenia:an
update.
Thrombosis J. 2005;3:14.
62. Kumar CM, Singh S, Garg R. Thrombocytopenia in children with vivax
malaria: a study from North India. Indian J Pediatr. 2013;81(3),266-9.
63. Dahlan MS. Besar sampel dan cara pengambilan sampel dalam
penelitian kedokteran dan kesehatan. Jakarta:Salemba Medika.
2009;h.76.
64.
The
University of
British
Colombia.
Learn
Pediatrics.
http://learnpediatrics.com/files/2011/02/Splenomegaly.pdf (Diunduh 25
Desember 2014).
65. Orient JM. Sapira’s Art and Science of Bedside Diagnosis. 4th Ed.
Lippincott Philadelphia. Williams & Wilkins. 2009;p432.
66. Matondang CS, Wahidiyat I, Sastroasmoro S. Diagnosis fisik pada
anak. Jakarta. CV Sagung Seto. 2003;h105-9.
66
67. Frean J. Microscopic determination of malaria parasite load: role of
image analysis. Micros sci technol appl educ. 2000;3:862-6.
68. University of Nebraska Medical Centre. Blood smear examination.
http://webmedia.unmc.edu/alliedhealth/CLS/CLS416%2011/HemoSL%
20Day%202%202011%20Lecture%20Handout.pdf.
(diunduh
25
Desember 2014).
69. Bhawna S, Bharti A, Yogesh K, Reena A. Parasitemia and
hematological alterations in malaria: a study from the highly affected
zones. Iranian Journal of Pathology. 2013;8(1):1-8.
70. Leal-Santos FA, Silva SBR, Crepaldi NP, Nery AF, Martin TOG, AlvesJunior ER et al. Altered platelet indices as potential markers of severe
and complicated malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax: a crosssectional descriptive study. Mal J. 2013;12:462.
71. Arshad AR, Arshad A. Impact of splenomegaly on complete blood
counts in hospitalized patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria. RMJ.
2013;38(3):223-5.
72. Lailani D, Lubis M, Lubis B, Pasaribu S. Correlation between
parasitemia and spleen size in patients with P.falciparum infection.
Paediatrica Indones. 2004;44(5-6):111-6.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
World Health Organization. Global Malaria Programme. World malaria
report 2011. Switzerland: WHO Press. 2011;66-75.
Laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Badan Penelitian dan
Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2013;76-82.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Epidemiologi malaria di Indonesia. Buletin
Jendela Data dan Informasi Kesehatan. 2011;1:2-3.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Batubara. Statistik Daerah
Kecamatan Lima Puluh 2014. Katalog BPS: 11010021219040.
Elyazar RF, Hay SI, KevinBaird J. Malaria distribution, prevalence,
drug resistance and control in Indonesia. Adv Parasitol. 2011;74:41175.
Narayanasamy K, Chery L, Basu A, Duraisingh MT, Escalante A,
Fowble J, et al. Malaria evolution in South Asia: Knowledge for control
and elimination. Acta Trop. 2012;121(3):256-66.
Pasaribu AP, Chokejindachai W, Sirivichayakul C, Tanomsing N,
Chavez I, et al. A randomized comparison of dehydroartemisinin,
piperaquine and artesunate combined with primaquine for radical
treatment of vivax malaria in Sumatera, Indonesia. J Infect Dis.
2013;208:1906-13.
Erhart LM, Yingyuen K, Chuanak N, Buathong N, Laoboonchai A,
Miller RS, et al. Hematologic and clinical indices of malaria in a semiimmune population of western Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;
70:8-14.
Kochar DK, Das A, Kochar A, Middha S, Acharya J, Tanwar GS, et al.
Thrombocytopenia in Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and
mixed infection malaria: A study from Binaker (Northwestern India).
Platelets. 2010;21(8):623-7.
Metanat M, Sharifi-Mood B. Malaria vivax and severe
thrombocytopenia in Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2010:5:69-70.
Kimbi HK, Sumbele IUN, Nweboh M, Anchang-Kimbi JK, Lum E, Nana
Y, et al. Malaria and haematologic parameters of pupils at different
altitudes along the slope of Mount Cameroon: a cross sectional study.
Mal J. 2013;12:193.
Gupta NK, Bansal SB, Jain UC, Sahare K. Study of thrombocytopenia
in patients of malaria.Trop Parasitol. 2013;3:58-61.
Lacerda MV, Maurao MP, Coelho HC, Santos JB. Thrombocytopenia
in malaria: who cares? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2011;106:52-63.
Maina RN, Walsh D, Gaddy C, Hongo C, Waitumbi J, Otiento L, et al.
Impact of Plasmodium falciparum infection on haematological
parameters in children living in Western Kenya. Mal J. 2010;9(3):S4.
Lathia TB, Joshi R. Can hematological parameters discriminate malaria
from nonmalarious acute febrile illness in the tropics? Indian J Med Sci.
2004; 58:239-44.
63
16. Soedarmo SS, Garna H, Hadinegoro SR, Satari HI. Malaria. Buku ajar
infeksi dan pediatrik tropis. Edisi ke-2. Jakarta : Ikatan Dokter Anak
Indonesia. 2008; h.408-37.
17. Direktorat Jenderal pengendalian penyakit dan penyehatan
lingkungan. Gebrak Malaria. Departemen Kesehatan RI. 2008.
18. Schumacher RF, Spinelli E. Malaria in children. Meditre J Hematol
Infect Dis. 2012;4:e2012073.
19. Langhorne J, Ndungu FM, Sponaas AM, K Marsh. Immunity to malaria:
more questions than answers. Nat Immunol. 2008;9, 725-32.
20. Stauffer W. Diagnosis and treatment of malaria in children. J Travel
Med. 2013; 37:1340-8.
21. Taylor WRJ, Widjaya H, Basri H, Ohrt C, Taufik T, Tjitra E, et al.
Changes in the total leukocyte and platelet counts in Papuan and non
Papuan adults from northeast Papua infected with acute Plasmodium
vivax or uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Mal J. 2008;7:259.
22. Rogier C, Gerardin P, Imbert P. Thrombocytopenia is predictive of
lethality in severe childhood falciparum malaria. Arch Dis Child.
2004;89:795-6.
23. Autino B. Pathogenesis of malaria in tissues and blood. Mediterr
Hematol Infect Dis. 2012;4.
24. Hoffbrand AV, Moss PAH. Essensial Haematology 6th Ed. London UK
: Wiley-Blackwell. 2007.
25. Setiabudy, Rahajuningsih D. Hemostasis dan Trombosis. Ed.4.FKUI
2009:1-5.
26. Harrison P. Platelet function analysis. Blood Rev. 2005;19:111-23.
27. Nathan and Oski's. Hematology and oncology of infancy and
childhood. 7th Ed. 2009;p406.
28. Lanzkowsky P. Manual of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. 5thEd.
2011;p345-52.
29. Mohanty Da, Marwaha N, Ghosh K, Sharma S, GArewal G, Shah S, et
al. Functional and ultrastuctural changes of platelets in malaria
infection. 1988;82:369-75.
30. Lou J, Donati YR, Juillard P, Giroud C, Vesin C, Grau GE, et al.
Platelets play an important role in TNF-induced microvascular
endothelial cell pathology. Am J Pathol. 1997;151:1397-405.
31. Wassmer SC, Lepolard C, Traore B, Pouvelle B, Gysin J, et al. Platelet
reorient Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocyte cytoadhesion to
activated endothelial cells. J Infect Dis. 2004;189:180-9.
32. Engwerda CR, Beattie L, Amante FH. The importance of spleen in
malaria. Trends Parasitol. 2005;21:75-80.
33. Watier H, Verwaerde C, Landau I, Werner E, Fontaine J, Capron A, et
al. T-cell dependent immunity and thrombocytopenia in rats infected
with Plasmodium chaubadi. Infect Immun. 1992;60: 136-42.
34. Urban BC, Hien TT, Day NP, Phu NH, Roberts R,Pongponratn E, et al.
Fatal Plasmodium falciparum malaria causes spesific patterns of
spenic architectural disorganization. Infect Immune. 2005; 73: 1986-94.
64
35. Kreil A, Wenisch C, Brittenham G, Looareesuwan S, PeckRadosavljevic M. Thrombopoietin in Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
Br J Haematol. 2000;109:534-6.
36. Lacerda MVG. Oliveira SL, Alecrim MGC. Splenic hematoma in a
patient with Plasmodium vivax malaria. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop.
2007;40:96-7.
37. Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Zanini G. Autoimmunity and malaria: what are they
doing together? Acta Trop. 2000;205-21.
38. Kelton JG, Keystone J, Moore J, Denomme G, Tozman E, Glynn M, et
al. Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia of malaria. J Clin
Invest.1983;71:832-6.
39. Beale PJ, Cormack JD, Oldrey TB. Thrombocytopenia in malaria with
Immunoglobulin (IgM) changes. Br Med J. 1972;1:345-9.
40. Lacerda MV, Alexandre MA, Santos PD, Arcanjo AR, Alecrim WD,
Alecrim MGC. Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura due to vivax
malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. Acta Trop. 2004;90:187-90.
41. Erel O, Vural H, Aksoy N, Aslan G, Ulukanligil M. Oxidative stress of
platelets and thrombocytopenia in patients with vivax malaria. Clin
Biochem. 2001;34:341-4.
42. Araujo CF, Lacerda MV, Abdalla DS, Lima ES. The role of platelet and
plasma markers of antioxidant status and oxidative stress in
thrombocytopenia among patients with vivax malaria. Mem Inst
Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:517-21.
43. McMoran BJ, Marshall VM. Platelet kill intraerythrocytic malarial
parasites and mediate survival to infection. Science. 2009;323:797800.
44. Ockenhause CF, Tandon NN, Magowan C, Jamieson GA, Chulay JD.
Identification of a platelet membrane glycoprotein as a falciparum
malaria sequestration receptor. Science. 1989; 243:1469-71.
45. Peyron F. Plasmodium falciparum growth inhibition by human platelet
in vitro. Parasitology.1989;99:317-22.
46. Files JC, Malpass TW, Yee EK, Ritchie JL, Harker LA. Studies of
human platelet alpha-granule release in vivo. Blood. 1981;58:607-18.
47. Love MS, Milholland MG, Mishra S, Kulkarni S, Freeman KB, et al.
Platelet factor 4 activity against P. falciparum its translation to
nonpeptidic mimics as antimalarials. Cell Host Microbe. 2012;12:81523.
48. Chaudhuri A, Zbrzezna V, Polykova J, Pogo AO, Hesselgesser J, et al.
Expression of the Duffy antigen in K562 cells. Evidence that it is the
human eryhtrocyte chemokine receptor. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:78358.
49. Laurer S, Van Wye, J, Harrison T, McManus H, Samuel BU, et al.
Vacuolar uptake of host components, and a role for cholesterol and
sphingomyelin in malarial infection. EMBO J. 2000;19:3556-64.
65
50. Borochovitz D, Crosley AL, Metz J. Disseminated intravascular
coagulation with fatal haemorrhage in cerebral malaria. Br Med J.
1979;2:170.
51. Bhattacharjee P, Dubey S, Gupta VK, Agarwal P, Mahato MP. The
clinicopathologic manifestations of plasmodium vivax malaria in
children. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7(5):861-7.
52. Jadhav UM, Patkar VS, Kadam NN. Thrombocytopenia in malaria –
correlation with type and severity of malaria. JAPI. 2004;52:615-8.
53. Bhandary N, Vikram GS, Shetty H. Thrombocytopenia in Malaria: A
clinical study. Biomed Res. 2011;22:489-91.
54. Makkar RP, Mukhopadhyay S, Monga A, Monga A, Gupta AK.
Plasmodium vivax malaria presenting with severe thrombocytopenia.
Braz J Infect Dis. 2002;6:263-5.
55. Patel U, Gandhi G, Friedman S, Niranjan S. Thrombocytopenia in
malaria. J Natl Med Assoc. 2004;96(9):1212-4.
56. Fitri LE, Sardjono TW, Hermansyah B, Candradikusuma D, BerensRiha N. Unusual presentation of vivax malaria with anaemia,
thrombocytopenia, jaundice, renal disturbance, and melena:a report
from Malang, a nonendemic area in Indonesia. Hindawi Publish Corp.
2013;686348.
57. Khan SJ, Abbass Y, Marwat MA. Thrombocytopenia as an indicator of
malaria in adult population. Mal Res Treat. 2012.ID405981,1-4.
58. Adedapo AD, Falade CO, Kotila RT, Ademowo GO. Age as a risk
factor for thrombocytopenia and anemia in children treated for acute
uncomplicated falciparum malaria. J Vector Borne Dis. 2007;44:26671.
59. Elawad MEH, Jobran JM, Duya AA. Immunoglobulin therapy for severe
thrombocytopenia complicating falciparum malaria. Trop Med Int
Health.1999;4(12):812-3.
60. Rebulla P. Revisitation of the clinical indications for the transfusion of
platelet concentrates. Hematol. 2011;5(3):288-310.
61. Franchini
M.
Heparin-induced
thrombocytopenia:an
update.
Thrombosis J. 2005;3:14.
62. Kumar CM, Singh S, Garg R. Thrombocytopenia in children with vivax
malaria: a study from North India. Indian J Pediatr. 2013;81(3),266-9.
63. Dahlan MS. Besar sampel dan cara pengambilan sampel dalam
penelitian kedokteran dan kesehatan. Jakarta:Salemba Medika.
2009;h.76.
64.
The
University of
British
Colombia.
Learn
Pediatrics.
http://learnpediatrics.com/files/2011/02/Splenomegaly.pdf (Diunduh 25
Desember 2014).
65. Orient JM. Sapira’s Art and Science of Bedside Diagnosis. 4th Ed.
Lippincott Philadelphia. Williams & Wilkins. 2009;p432.
66. Matondang CS, Wahidiyat I, Sastroasmoro S. Diagnosis fisik pada
anak. Jakarta. CV Sagung Seto. 2003;h105-9.
66
67. Frean J. Microscopic determination of malaria parasite load: role of
image analysis. Micros sci technol appl educ. 2000;3:862-6.
68. University of Nebraska Medical Centre. Blood smear examination.
http://webmedia.unmc.edu/alliedhealth/CLS/CLS416%2011/HemoSL%
20Day%202%202011%20Lecture%20Handout.pdf.
(diunduh
25
Desember 2014).
69. Bhawna S, Bharti A, Yogesh K, Reena A. Parasitemia and
hematological alterations in malaria: a study from the highly affected
zones. Iranian Journal of Pathology. 2013;8(1):1-8.
70. Leal-Santos FA, Silva SBR, Crepaldi NP, Nery AF, Martin TOG, AlvesJunior ER et al. Altered platelet indices as potential markers of severe
and complicated malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax: a crosssectional descriptive study. Mal J. 2013;12:462.
71. Arshad AR, Arshad A. Impact of splenomegaly on complete blood
counts in hospitalized patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria. RMJ.
2013;38(3):223-5.
72. Lailani D, Lubis M, Lubis B, Pasaribu S. Correlation between
parasitemia and spleen size in patients with P.falciparum infection.
Paediatrica Indones. 2004;44(5-6):111-6.