Jurnal The Maintenance of Cakap Karo In The Permata Community Semarang
THE MAINTENANCE OF CAKAP KARO IN THE PERMATA
COMMUNITY SEMARANG
Yuni Cristiyani Br Surbakti and Mytha Candria, S.S., M.A., M.A
English Department, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University, Semarang
ABSTRAK
Essai ini disusun untuk mempelajari lebih mendalam
tentang pemertahanan Bahasa Karo di komunitas Permata
Semarang. Topik yang diambil penulis adalah alasan anggota
Permata masih menggunakan Bahasa Karo saat berkumpul
atau berkomunikasi dengan sesama etnis Batak Karo di
Semarang.
Penulis menggunakan pendekatan sosiolinguistik untuk
menyusun dan mengolah data yang berupa alasan anggota
Permata masih mempertahankan ataupun menggunakan
Bahasa Karo saat berkomunikasi dengan teman sebaya
ataupun dengan yang lebih tua dari mereka. Sementara
metode studi yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif
kualitatif dengan metode observasi, kuisioner serta interview
45 anggota Permata dari 180 anggota Permata. Sedangkan
untuk metode analisis data, penulis menggunakan metode
padan, yaitu penulis mencoba memadankan teori yang
digunakan dengan data yang dianalisis.
Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, dapat ditarik kesimpulan
bahwa ada kepadanan antara teori Sosiolinguistik yang
digunakan untuk menganalisis data, sehingga rumusan
masalah dalam studi ini dapat terjawab dengan hasil analisis.
Selain itu, hasil studi juga menunjukkan bahwa empat puluh
lima anggota komunitas Permata Semarang masih dan tetap
menggunakan Bahasa Karo saat mereka berkomunikasi di
gereja atau pun dalam kegiatan Permata.
Kata kunci : sociolinguistics, language maintenance , bahasa
Karo, komunitas Permata.
2
Tobanese,
1. Introduction
maintenance
The people of Indonesia usually use
Mandailingnese and Simalungunese,
the word Batak for the people and
but there has not been a study of
languages
of
North
Sumatera.
Karonese,
However,
the
people
of
North
Angkolanese. Research on Tobanese,
Sumatera actually consist of six
for example, was carried out by
different groups who speak six
Yolanda (2001). The percentage of
different ethnic languages; the six
language use in daily communication
ethnic groups are Batak Toba, Batak
in
Karo,
Batak
language, 34,74% Bahasa Indonesia,
Mandailing, Batak Simalungun and
0,33% vernacular and 15,27% local
Batak Angkola.
The six ethnic
languages. The percentage is taken
groups of the North Sumatera speak
from twenty five families or fifty
six different languages; therefore,
respondents. Another study of the
they cannot understand one another.
maintenance of Tobanese language
The result is in the decreasing use of
was
local languages, especially among
Siahaan (2002). Members of Batak
the youths who prefer using Bahasa
Toba speech community in Medan
Indonesia in daily communication.
recognize their
language as a
Bahasa is used by all the six groups
symbol of their
ethnic identity,
because Bahasa is understood by
such
Batak
Pakpak,
everyone in North Sumatera. There
have been a number of studies of the
Depok
of
Pakpaknese
is
49,5%
performed
by
recognition
consistently
and
Tobanese
Rumondang
does
not
accompany
children speech behavior in their
3
linguistics
activities.
Ramlan
2. Theoretical Framework
Damanik (2009) conducted research
2.1 Karonese People and Language
on the Simalungun language. All
Karonese people originally come
groups
adult
and
from Karo lands in North Sumatera
percentage
of
and a small part of neighboring
Simalungun language preservation is
Aceh. The people of Karo consist of
75% or approximately forty-seven
five clans; they are Merga Silima:
respondents from sixty respondents.
Karo-Karo,
The research into Batak Mandailing
Perangin–Angin and Ginting. Each
in Medan - Tembung was carried out
clan is further divided into sub–
by Asni Juliana Batu Bara (2012).
margas, and there are eighty three
Bahasa
only
sub–margas in total. Batak Karo
maintained by the old generation.
people have clans because they are
(adolescent,
parents),
The
the
Mandailing
existence
of
is
Bahasa
Tarigan,
Sembiring,
patrilineal.
Mandailing is only in old generation
Karonese language is divided into
as parental
two basic styles:
generation
(the
second generation) and upwards
generation (the first
generation). In
1. Plain style, which is used for
intimate
or
informal
Semarang, there is a community of
relationship. It is used by
young Karonese named Persadan
teenagers
Man Anak Gerejanta (Permata) that
students to communicate each
attempts to maintain the use of
other.
Karonese language or Cakap Karo.
or
university
4
2. High style, which is used to
degrees in the short run owing to
address higher status people
internal
with the purpose of showing
(limited)
great respect and formality. It
languages. Bernard Spolsky (1998)
is used by teenagers or
argues that language maintenance is
members
of
Permata
to
respect older people.
developments
contact
and/
with
or
other
a situation where speakers continue
to use a language even when there is
2.2 Language Maintenance
a new language available.
Language maintenance is a situation
There
when a speech community can
maintenance:
maintain or continue using their
considered an important symbol of a
language
minority
from
generation
to
are
factors
were
group’s
language
language
identity,
is
for
are
example, the language is likely to be
conditions that can affect them to
maintained longer. If families from a
shift to another language (Peter
minority group live near each other
Trudgill, 1978: 144). According to
and see each other frequently, this
Donald
also helps them
generation
although
Winford
there
(2003:144),
maintain their
language maintenance refers to the
language. Another factor which may
preservation by a speech community
contribute to language maintenance
of
is the degree and frequency of
its
native
generation
Preservation
language
to
implies
from
generation.
contact
that
(Janet
the
language changes only by small
with the homeland.”
Holmes,
2001:63).
Large
number of speaker, Concentration of
5
living, Identity and Pride of culture,
Gerejanta
(Permata).
Better economic condition. (Donald
established on 12 September 1948 in
Winford).
Gereja
3. Research Method
(GBKP) Semarang. The purposes of
Batak
Karo
It
was
Protestan
descriptive
Permata community are to gather
qualitative because in the research I
Karonese people, especially young
describe
Karonese
living
Karonese language among the young
maintain
the
people of the Permata community.
Karonese people in Semarang and
The population of this research is the
North Sumatera, to maintain the
members of Permata Semarang, i.e.
identity of Karonese people.
one hundred eighty (180) people.
Permata
There are university students and
encouraging their members to learn
employers.
The sampling method
Cakap Karo. The community teaches
that I used in this research is
and services the members how to
purposive sampling. The sample of
speak Karonese appropriately, e.g.
this research is forty five people that
when the members of Permata are
I chose purposive.
studying Bible, senior members or
4.The Result and Discussion
alumni of Permata teach the juniors
4.1 The Permata Community in
or new member how to speak Cakap
Semarang
Karo. During new student admission,
The community of young Karonese
the senior members of Permata
Persadan Man Anak
always speak Cakap Karo to new
This
is
research
named
the
is
maintenance
of
has
Semarang,
relation
a
big
to
between
role
in
6
Karonese students. The members of
cannot respond the conversation.
Permata also celebrate traditional
There are forty two respondents who
Karonese events, such as Pesta
get
Tahunan, during the event, the
environment
members of Permata have to use
Karonese people use Cakap Karo in
Cakap Karo.
the church and three respondents do
4.2
Language
Karonese
Background
people
in
of
Cakap
Karo
in
from
church
their
because
not get Cakap Karo by environment.
The parents use Cakap Karo
Permata
community Semarang
when
Based on the data, there are twenty
Karonese people in home. Cakap
seven respondents learn Cakap Karo
Karo is used by the members to
when they are two until fifteen years
respect older people. The forty two
old and eighteen members learn it
respondents use Cakap Karo when
when they are sixteen years old until
they communicate with their family
now.
four
in home; three respondents do not
respondents said that the parents
use Cakap Karo because the parents
learn Cakap Karo for them and four
do not learn Cakap Karo for them.
respondents study Cakap Karo from
There are twenty eight respondents
their
church,
of Karonese people who are active
school. The impact of this situation
Cakap Karo because they are prefer
make new members cannot use
use Cakap Karo than other language.
Cakap Karo to communicate with
The new members of Permata still
Karonese
use Cakap Karo because the new
There
are
environment,
people
forty
e.g.
because
they
they
communicate
with
7
language available needs to learn
using Cakap Karo is part of their
more. Seventeen respondents are
culture.
passive Cakap Karo because they
Forty-four percent respondents said
cannot speak Cakap Karo.
that they continue to speak Cakap
4.3 Reasons of the Language
Karo because of identity. According
Maintenance of Cakap Karo
to Janet Holmes (2001:63), language
The
is considered as an important symbol
reasons
of
the
language
maintenance of Cakap Karo are
of a minority group’s
identity,
and
People who have the same ethnic
percent
have to keep on using the language
respondents said that they maintain
in daily conversation. They want
Cakap Karo because of identity.
Cakap Karo or Karonese language
Twenty-nine
respondents
continues to exist, so the identity of
keep on using Cakap Karo because
Karonese people can be maintained
of
for the next generation.
user,
culture.
environment
Forty-four
percent
identity,
culture,
environment
(mixed
Eighteen
percent
user
and
reasons).
respondents
The
second
reason
identity.
respondents
maintain Karonese language is that
maintain Cakap Karo because of
of
users. Seven percent respondents
environment (mixed reasons). User is
said that they maintain Cakap Karo
the people using one or more
because of environment, and two
languages to communicate. Karonese
percent respondents told me that
people use Cakap Karo only for
identity,
culture,
user
and
Karonese people, but they use
8
Bahasa
to
communicate
with
Respondent
40
said
that
different ethnics. The members of
environment and user are factors
Permata still use high style to
maintenance of Cakap Karo because
communicate older people and plain
she uses Cakap Karo only in the
style is used to communicate with
church or Permata community to
the members of Permata.
respect the older people. Respondent
Culture is the characteristics of a
40 said that she used Cakap Karo in
particular
Gereja
defined
group
by
of
people,
everything
from
Batak
Karo
Protestan
(GBKP) to show respect to the older
language, religion and social habits.
people.
Karonese people use Cakap Karo
In a community where several
when they were attending the events
groups of speakers speaking different
of
Permata,
e.g.
Celebrating
language live, the group with more
Christmas, Mbengket Rumah Baru
speakers
(memasuki rumah baru).
possibility to maintain their language
Environment relates to the fact that
(Donald Winford, 2003:144). The
people live near each other. They use
number of Karonese in Semarang is
Cakap Karo when they live nearby,
quite small. There are only about
Cakap
Karo
or
users
has
better
to
eight hundred people who live in
communicate with other Karonese
Semarang, only one hundred eighty
people because they are comfortable
people
using it.
community. However, the language
and
they
use
who
join
the
Permata
can be maintained because the users
9
use
Cakap
communicate
Karo
with
when
one
they
another.
his
activities
in
the
Permata
community are of his Karonese
Respondent 14, 17, 32 and 38 said
culture.
that Cakap Karo is the
main
Along
language
other
(2003:145), other factors of language
they
use
with
with
Donald
Winford
Karonese people. They use Cakap
maintenance
Karo to show respect to other
concentration of living. Families
Karonese people and to maintain
from a minority group live near each
Cakap Karo.
other and see each other frequently.
Based
on
Donald
Winford
This
helps
relates
to
to
the
maintain
their
(2003:144), a group of language
language. Seven percent respondents
speakers may succeed in maintaining
maintain Cakap Karo because of
their language if the language is
environment. Respondent 18 use
considered to be closely related to
Cakap Karo when she is in the
culture. When language and culture
Permata
are related, the users believe that the
strongly influenced by Karonese
language is an important cultural
language and tradition. This has
identity. Two percent respondents
encouraged
maintain Cakap Karo because of
Karonese language or Cakap Karo.
culture. Karonese people use Cakap
Respondent 15 and 39 share a
Karo when they have similar cultural
boarding house, which enables them
activities in the Permata community.
to
For example, respondent 26 said that
communication.
use
community,
them
Cakap
to
Karo
which
also
in
is
use
daily
10
5. Conclusions
The
essay
focuses
on
the
maintenance of Cakap Karo in the
Permata community, Semarang. Its
main purpose is to find out the
factors that support Cakap Karo
maintenance
in
the
community.
There are four factors that affect the
Karonese to maintain their language,
i.e.
identity,
culture,
user
and
environment. The more dominant
factors
are
identity
and
mixed
reasons (identity, user, culture and
environment).
6. REFERENCES
Arikunto, Suharsimi. 1998. Prosedur
Penelitian
Suatu
Pendekatan
Praktek. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Batu Bara, Asni Juliana. 2012. The
Maintenance of Bahasa Mandailing
in Medan – Tembung. 2 April 2014.
(http://digilib.unimed.ac.id/themaintenance-of-bahasa-mandailingin-medan--tembung-23851.html)
Damanik,Ramlan.2009.Pemertahana
n Bahasa Simalungun di Kabupaten
Simalungun. 2 April 2014.
(http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/
123456789/5668/3/09E01969.pdf.txt
)
Holmes,
Janet.
1992.
An
Introduction
to
Sociolinguistics. New York
& London: Longman.
Moleong, J.Lexy. 2007. Metodologi
Penelitian
Kualitatif.
Bandung:
PT.
Remaja
Rosdakarya Bandung.
Siahaan, Rumondang. 2002. Kajian
Kasus
Tentang
Tingkat
Pemertahanan
Bahasa pada
Masyarakat Batak Toba di Medan
Berdasarkan Perilaku
Pilih
Bahasa. 2 April 2014.
(http://core.kmi.open.ac.uk/di
splay/15391447).
Spolsky,
Bernard.
1998.
Sociolinguistics: Introduction to
Language Study.
Canada:
Oxford University Press.
Trudgill,Peter.1978. Sociolinguistics:
An Introduction. Great
Britain: Pelican Books.
Winford,Donald.2003.An
Introduction to Contact
Linguistics.
Oxford:
Blackwell Publishing.
.
Yolanda.2001. Faktor Pemertahanan
Bahasa Daerah Batak Toba di
Depok. 2 April 2014.
(http://lib.ui.ac.id/file?file=pdf/abstra
k-20156181.pdf)
COMMUNITY SEMARANG
Yuni Cristiyani Br Surbakti and Mytha Candria, S.S., M.A., M.A
English Department, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University, Semarang
ABSTRAK
Essai ini disusun untuk mempelajari lebih mendalam
tentang pemertahanan Bahasa Karo di komunitas Permata
Semarang. Topik yang diambil penulis adalah alasan anggota
Permata masih menggunakan Bahasa Karo saat berkumpul
atau berkomunikasi dengan sesama etnis Batak Karo di
Semarang.
Penulis menggunakan pendekatan sosiolinguistik untuk
menyusun dan mengolah data yang berupa alasan anggota
Permata masih mempertahankan ataupun menggunakan
Bahasa Karo saat berkomunikasi dengan teman sebaya
ataupun dengan yang lebih tua dari mereka. Sementara
metode studi yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif
kualitatif dengan metode observasi, kuisioner serta interview
45 anggota Permata dari 180 anggota Permata. Sedangkan
untuk metode analisis data, penulis menggunakan metode
padan, yaitu penulis mencoba memadankan teori yang
digunakan dengan data yang dianalisis.
Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, dapat ditarik kesimpulan
bahwa ada kepadanan antara teori Sosiolinguistik yang
digunakan untuk menganalisis data, sehingga rumusan
masalah dalam studi ini dapat terjawab dengan hasil analisis.
Selain itu, hasil studi juga menunjukkan bahwa empat puluh
lima anggota komunitas Permata Semarang masih dan tetap
menggunakan Bahasa Karo saat mereka berkomunikasi di
gereja atau pun dalam kegiatan Permata.
Kata kunci : sociolinguistics, language maintenance , bahasa
Karo, komunitas Permata.
2
Tobanese,
1. Introduction
maintenance
The people of Indonesia usually use
Mandailingnese and Simalungunese,
the word Batak for the people and
but there has not been a study of
languages
of
North
Sumatera.
Karonese,
However,
the
people
of
North
Angkolanese. Research on Tobanese,
Sumatera actually consist of six
for example, was carried out by
different groups who speak six
Yolanda (2001). The percentage of
different ethnic languages; the six
language use in daily communication
ethnic groups are Batak Toba, Batak
in
Karo,
Batak
language, 34,74% Bahasa Indonesia,
Mandailing, Batak Simalungun and
0,33% vernacular and 15,27% local
Batak Angkola.
The six ethnic
languages. The percentage is taken
groups of the North Sumatera speak
from twenty five families or fifty
six different languages; therefore,
respondents. Another study of the
they cannot understand one another.
maintenance of Tobanese language
The result is in the decreasing use of
was
local languages, especially among
Siahaan (2002). Members of Batak
the youths who prefer using Bahasa
Toba speech community in Medan
Indonesia in daily communication.
recognize their
language as a
Bahasa is used by all the six groups
symbol of their
ethnic identity,
because Bahasa is understood by
such
Batak
Pakpak,
everyone in North Sumatera. There
have been a number of studies of the
Depok
of
Pakpaknese
is
49,5%
performed
by
recognition
consistently
and
Tobanese
Rumondang
does
not
accompany
children speech behavior in their
3
linguistics
activities.
Ramlan
2. Theoretical Framework
Damanik (2009) conducted research
2.1 Karonese People and Language
on the Simalungun language. All
Karonese people originally come
groups
adult
and
from Karo lands in North Sumatera
percentage
of
and a small part of neighboring
Simalungun language preservation is
Aceh. The people of Karo consist of
75% or approximately forty-seven
five clans; they are Merga Silima:
respondents from sixty respondents.
Karo-Karo,
The research into Batak Mandailing
Perangin–Angin and Ginting. Each
in Medan - Tembung was carried out
clan is further divided into sub–
by Asni Juliana Batu Bara (2012).
margas, and there are eighty three
Bahasa
only
sub–margas in total. Batak Karo
maintained by the old generation.
people have clans because they are
(adolescent,
parents),
The
the
Mandailing
existence
of
is
Bahasa
Tarigan,
Sembiring,
patrilineal.
Mandailing is only in old generation
Karonese language is divided into
as parental
two basic styles:
generation
(the
second generation) and upwards
generation (the first
generation). In
1. Plain style, which is used for
intimate
or
informal
Semarang, there is a community of
relationship. It is used by
young Karonese named Persadan
teenagers
Man Anak Gerejanta (Permata) that
students to communicate each
attempts to maintain the use of
other.
Karonese language or Cakap Karo.
or
university
4
2. High style, which is used to
degrees in the short run owing to
address higher status people
internal
with the purpose of showing
(limited)
great respect and formality. It
languages. Bernard Spolsky (1998)
is used by teenagers or
argues that language maintenance is
members
of
Permata
to
respect older people.
developments
contact
and/
with
or
other
a situation where speakers continue
to use a language even when there is
2.2 Language Maintenance
a new language available.
Language maintenance is a situation
There
when a speech community can
maintenance:
maintain or continue using their
considered an important symbol of a
language
minority
from
generation
to
are
factors
were
group’s
language
language
identity,
is
for
are
example, the language is likely to be
conditions that can affect them to
maintained longer. If families from a
shift to another language (Peter
minority group live near each other
Trudgill, 1978: 144). According to
and see each other frequently, this
Donald
also helps them
generation
although
Winford
there
(2003:144),
maintain their
language maintenance refers to the
language. Another factor which may
preservation by a speech community
contribute to language maintenance
of
is the degree and frequency of
its
native
generation
Preservation
language
to
implies
from
generation.
contact
that
(Janet
the
language changes only by small
with the homeland.”
Holmes,
2001:63).
Large
number of speaker, Concentration of
5
living, Identity and Pride of culture,
Gerejanta
(Permata).
Better economic condition. (Donald
established on 12 September 1948 in
Winford).
Gereja
3. Research Method
(GBKP) Semarang. The purposes of
Batak
Karo
It
was
Protestan
descriptive
Permata community are to gather
qualitative because in the research I
Karonese people, especially young
describe
Karonese
living
Karonese language among the young
maintain
the
people of the Permata community.
Karonese people in Semarang and
The population of this research is the
North Sumatera, to maintain the
members of Permata Semarang, i.e.
identity of Karonese people.
one hundred eighty (180) people.
Permata
There are university students and
encouraging their members to learn
employers.
The sampling method
Cakap Karo. The community teaches
that I used in this research is
and services the members how to
purposive sampling. The sample of
speak Karonese appropriately, e.g.
this research is forty five people that
when the members of Permata are
I chose purposive.
studying Bible, senior members or
4.The Result and Discussion
alumni of Permata teach the juniors
4.1 The Permata Community in
or new member how to speak Cakap
Semarang
Karo. During new student admission,
The community of young Karonese
the senior members of Permata
Persadan Man Anak
always speak Cakap Karo to new
This
is
research
named
the
is
maintenance
of
has
Semarang,
relation
a
big
to
between
role
in
6
Karonese students. The members of
cannot respond the conversation.
Permata also celebrate traditional
There are forty two respondents who
Karonese events, such as Pesta
get
Tahunan, during the event, the
environment
members of Permata have to use
Karonese people use Cakap Karo in
Cakap Karo.
the church and three respondents do
4.2
Language
Karonese
Background
people
in
of
Cakap
Karo
in
from
church
their
because
not get Cakap Karo by environment.
The parents use Cakap Karo
Permata
community Semarang
when
Based on the data, there are twenty
Karonese people in home. Cakap
seven respondents learn Cakap Karo
Karo is used by the members to
when they are two until fifteen years
respect older people. The forty two
old and eighteen members learn it
respondents use Cakap Karo when
when they are sixteen years old until
they communicate with their family
now.
four
in home; three respondents do not
respondents said that the parents
use Cakap Karo because the parents
learn Cakap Karo for them and four
do not learn Cakap Karo for them.
respondents study Cakap Karo from
There are twenty eight respondents
their
church,
of Karonese people who are active
school. The impact of this situation
Cakap Karo because they are prefer
make new members cannot use
use Cakap Karo than other language.
Cakap Karo to communicate with
The new members of Permata still
Karonese
use Cakap Karo because the new
There
are
environment,
people
forty
e.g.
because
they
they
communicate
with
7
language available needs to learn
using Cakap Karo is part of their
more. Seventeen respondents are
culture.
passive Cakap Karo because they
Forty-four percent respondents said
cannot speak Cakap Karo.
that they continue to speak Cakap
4.3 Reasons of the Language
Karo because of identity. According
Maintenance of Cakap Karo
to Janet Holmes (2001:63), language
The
is considered as an important symbol
reasons
of
the
language
maintenance of Cakap Karo are
of a minority group’s
identity,
and
People who have the same ethnic
percent
have to keep on using the language
respondents said that they maintain
in daily conversation. They want
Cakap Karo because of identity.
Cakap Karo or Karonese language
Twenty-nine
respondents
continues to exist, so the identity of
keep on using Cakap Karo because
Karonese people can be maintained
of
for the next generation.
user,
culture.
environment
Forty-four
percent
identity,
culture,
environment
(mixed
Eighteen
percent
user
and
reasons).
respondents
The
second
reason
identity.
respondents
maintain Karonese language is that
maintain Cakap Karo because of
of
users. Seven percent respondents
environment (mixed reasons). User is
said that they maintain Cakap Karo
the people using one or more
because of environment, and two
languages to communicate. Karonese
percent respondents told me that
people use Cakap Karo only for
identity,
culture,
user
and
Karonese people, but they use
8
Bahasa
to
communicate
with
Respondent
40
said
that
different ethnics. The members of
environment and user are factors
Permata still use high style to
maintenance of Cakap Karo because
communicate older people and plain
she uses Cakap Karo only in the
style is used to communicate with
church or Permata community to
the members of Permata.
respect the older people. Respondent
Culture is the characteristics of a
40 said that she used Cakap Karo in
particular
Gereja
defined
group
by
of
people,
everything
from
Batak
Karo
Protestan
(GBKP) to show respect to the older
language, religion and social habits.
people.
Karonese people use Cakap Karo
In a community where several
when they were attending the events
groups of speakers speaking different
of
Permata,
e.g.
Celebrating
language live, the group with more
Christmas, Mbengket Rumah Baru
speakers
(memasuki rumah baru).
possibility to maintain their language
Environment relates to the fact that
(Donald Winford, 2003:144). The
people live near each other. They use
number of Karonese in Semarang is
Cakap Karo when they live nearby,
quite small. There are only about
Cakap
Karo
or
users
has
better
to
eight hundred people who live in
communicate with other Karonese
Semarang, only one hundred eighty
people because they are comfortable
people
using it.
community. However, the language
and
they
use
who
join
the
Permata
can be maintained because the users
9
use
Cakap
communicate
Karo
with
when
one
they
another.
his
activities
in
the
Permata
community are of his Karonese
Respondent 14, 17, 32 and 38 said
culture.
that Cakap Karo is the
main
Along
language
other
(2003:145), other factors of language
they
use
with
with
Donald
Winford
Karonese people. They use Cakap
maintenance
Karo to show respect to other
concentration of living. Families
Karonese people and to maintain
from a minority group live near each
Cakap Karo.
other and see each other frequently.
Based
on
Donald
Winford
This
helps
relates
to
to
the
maintain
their
(2003:144), a group of language
language. Seven percent respondents
speakers may succeed in maintaining
maintain Cakap Karo because of
their language if the language is
environment. Respondent 18 use
considered to be closely related to
Cakap Karo when she is in the
culture. When language and culture
Permata
are related, the users believe that the
strongly influenced by Karonese
language is an important cultural
language and tradition. This has
identity. Two percent respondents
encouraged
maintain Cakap Karo because of
Karonese language or Cakap Karo.
culture. Karonese people use Cakap
Respondent 15 and 39 share a
Karo when they have similar cultural
boarding house, which enables them
activities in the Permata community.
to
For example, respondent 26 said that
communication.
use
community,
them
Cakap
to
Karo
which
also
in
is
use
daily
10
5. Conclusions
The
essay
focuses
on
the
maintenance of Cakap Karo in the
Permata community, Semarang. Its
main purpose is to find out the
factors that support Cakap Karo
maintenance
in
the
community.
There are four factors that affect the
Karonese to maintain their language,
i.e.
identity,
culture,
user
and
environment. The more dominant
factors
are
identity
and
mixed
reasons (identity, user, culture and
environment).
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