THE MAINTENANCE OF BAHASA BANTEN IN LANGKAT.

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ABSTRAK

Sri Lestari,Neneng. Registration Number: 8146111043. The Maintenance of Bahasa Banten in Langkat (Pemertahanan Bahasa Banten di Langkat). Thesis. Program Study Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Sekolah Pascasarjana Unimed. 2016.

Penelitian ini merupakan kajian tentang pemertahanan Bahasa Banten di Langkat. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif yang mengkaji tentang peran penutur Bahasa Banten dalam mempertahankan Bahasa Banten di Langkat. Subject penelitian ini adalah dua puluh penutur Bahasa Banten yang tinggal di Desa Tanjung Ibus, Kecamatan Secanggang, Kabupaten Langkat. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen berupa observasi, kuesioner dan interview. Observasi digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data tentang penutur Bahasa Banten dalam mempertahankan bahasa mereka sendiri seperti bahasa apa yang mereka gunakan untuk berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi. Kuesioner digunakan untuk memperoleh data-data tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terhadap pemertahanan Bahasa Banten di Langkat. Sedangkan interview digunakan untuk memperoleh data-data yang mendalam atau lebih akurat mengenai alasan suku Banten dalam mempertahankan Bahasa mereka. Data dianalisis berdasarkan analisis data Miles dan Huberman. Pemertahanan Bahasa Banten di Langkat tetap bertahan atau tetap exist karena mereka masih dapat menggunakan Bahasa Banten dalam berkomunikasi sehari-hari dengan penutur Bahasa Banten yang lain walaupun ada beberapa dari mereka yang beralih menggunakan bahasa Indonesia. Ada sebelas faktor yang dianalisa dalam penelitian ini yang dapat mempertahankan Bahasa Banten di Langkat yaitu menikah dengan sesama suku Banten, tinggal di daerah yang didominasi orang-orang Banten, menggunakan Bahasa Banten di rumah, kebanggaan terhadap suku dan Bahasa Banten, menggunakan Bahasa Banten di lingkungan tetangga, menggunakan Bahasa Banten di lingkungan pendidikan, menggunakan Bahasa Banten di lingkungan keagamaan, menggunakan Bahasa Banten dilingkungan kerja, mengikuti acara adat istiadat, pulang kekampung halaman secara beraturan dan solidaritas menggunakan Bahasa Banten bersama. Bahasa Banten tetap bertahan dan exist di Langkat.

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ABSTRACT

Sri Lestari,Neneng. Registration Number: 8146111043. The Maintenance of Bahasa Banten in Langkat). Thesis. Program Study Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Sekolah Pascasarjana Unimed. 2016.

This study deals with the maintenance of bahasa Banten in Langkat. It employs qualitative research design. This study aims to describe the maintenance of Bahasa Banten in Langkat. The subjects were twenty Bantenese speakers in Langkat. The instruments used for this study were observation, questionnaire, and interview in-depth interview . The observation was applied to get the data about the Bantenese speakers in maintaining their language such what the language that they used in daily communication. Questionnaire was applied to collect the data about the factors which support Bahasa Banten maintenance in Langkat and interview was applied to get data about the reason of Bantenese to maintain their language and to get in depht result of the research. The data was analyzed by using Miles and Huberman’s data analysis. Bahasa Banten is maintained in Langkat. They keep using their language Bahasa Banten in Langkat because they realize the condition of Bahasa Banten nowdays, whereas there were some of them shift from Bahasa Banten to speak Indonesian language.there are eleven factors which support Bahasa Banten maintenance. They are living in an area dominated by Bantenese, visiting homeland regularly, intra marriage, use of the language in family domain, use of the language in neighborhood domain, use of the language in workplace domain, use the language in education domain, ethno linguistic vitality, use of the languge in religion domain, practice of adat istiadat traditional ceremony and solidarity of Bantenese to use their language together. Bahasa Banten keep maintain and exist in Langkat.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Praise is to Allah, the lord of the universe who has given me the opportunity to finish this thesis. Thank you so much Dear Lord. It is also impossible to be finished without the guidance and the help of many people.

Firstly, I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my advisers, Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M. Pd and Dr. Siti Aisyah Ginting, M. Pd who have spent their precious time for correcting this thesis and giving some valuable advice and guidance.

I also would like to convey my gratitude to the Head of English Applied Linguistic Study Program, Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed and his secretary, Prof. Dr. sri Minda Murni, M.S and all lecturers that had given me encouragement and a lot of experience and knowledge.

I would like to express my gratitude wholeheartedly to all Bantenese families in Langkat for their kind hospitality during the data collection of the study.

Then, the most important people to whom I would like to express my special thank, they are to my parents, Katirun and Sriati and my uncle and aunt Srianto and Yasmini and also my brother and sister Joko Sri Kuncoro, Kiki Arisandi, Sri Novita Sari, Sri Wahyuni, Eli Sri Windia Sari and Ajeng Sri Rahayu who have given me spirit and moral support during my strive in completing this thesis.

Medan, 13 April 2016 The writer,

Neneng Sri Lestari Reg.Number: 8146111043

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LIST OF TABLE

Table 4.1.1.1 Intra Marriage 39

Table 4.1.1.2 Living area that Dominatet by Bantenese 40

Tabel 4.1.1.4 Use Language at Home 43

Table 4.1.1.5 Use Language in Religion Domain 44 Table 4.1.1.6 Use Language in Education Domain 44 Table 4.1.1.7 Use Language in Neighborhood Domain 45 Table 4.1.1.8 Use Language in Workplace Domain 47 Table 4.1.1.11 Solidarity to Use Banten Language Togather 49

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 : Research Instrument 60

Appendix 2 : List of Respondens’ Name 62

Appendix 3 : questionnaire Answer 63

Appendix 4 : Bantenese Speaker Ability in Speaking Bahasa Banten 64

Appendix 5 : Intra Marriage factor 65

Appendix 6 : Living in an Area Dominated by Bantenese 66

Appendix 7 : Etnho Linguistic Vitality 67

Appendix 8 : Using Language at Home 68

Appendix 9 : Use Language in Religion Domain 69 Appendix 10 : Use Language in Education Domain 70 Appendix 11 : Use Language in Neighborhood Domain 71 Appendix 12 : Use Language in Workplace Domain 72

Appendix 13 : Visiting Homeland 73

Appendix 14 : Following Tradition Ceremony 74 Appendix 15 : Solidarity to Use banten language 75

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

Language is tool of comunication. People use language to communicate with each other. They can express their mind with communication. Language is important part of human express their ideas. Indonesian has many ethnics’ group and indegenous languages. Especially in Langkat North Sumatera, there are many ethnics group in Langkat such as Javanese, Malayanese, Banjarnese, Bataknese, Chinese, and Bantenese. The native inhabitants of Langkat is Malayanese and the ethnics group that migration in Langkat such as Javanese , Bataknese, Banjarnese and Bantenese. Bantenese is a minority group in Langkat, especially in Tanjung Ibus Village, because the majority is Javanese. Although, Bantenese is a minority group,but they can maintain their language. They use their language in daily communication. In Langkat, Bantenese is a very minority than another ethnic group.

The phenomenon of Bantenese community in Langkat, Bantenese had lived in Langkat since Dutch era, because migration. The population of Bantenese in Tanjung Ibus Langkat is 465 people in 2016 year. They were contructed and employed by Dutch. As a minority group, they can maintain their language and culture. They have traditional culture like Ngariung and radi’. A tradition ceremony is Radi’, that is like martial arts that performed at the wedding ceremony. And then Ngariung, it is the event to do thanksgiving in Bantenese

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society. It could also be done in wedding ceremony or in the religion event. They maintain their language with using thier language in daily communication. They use their language at home in daily activity such as:

The conver a ion :

Yatiman : “ndek kemana ka’ ?”

Jasam : “kule’ ndek ka leueng. Iya’ nte’ ka leueng ?” Yatiman : “kule’ nde’ ndahar helan.”

Jasam : “oh.. ee. Kule elan ye . ” Yatim : “ee ka’.”

They use their language in daily activity to maintain their language, because language is a symbol identiy of ethnic group. Banten language is a symbol identity of Bantenese. Language is used by the people in communication to show their identity such as Banten language. Banten language is one of indigenous language in Indonesia. Ethnic identity is the way in which the expression through a particular language.

Language must be maintained because language showed the identity of the language users. As Holmes 200 :63 states that where language is considered as important symbol of a minority group’s identity, the language is likely to be maintained longer. Moreover Corson 2002:1 4 say that the maintenance of a heritage language is vital for the self-identity and esteem of its speakers. Therefore, language must be protected, preserved and maintained.

Based on the observation the young generation can maintain their language. They use Banten language in daily activity. They have awareness to use

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Banten language. They also had solidarity to use their language to keep their language ethnic group. The generation of Bantenese in Langkat is at the age 15-25 years old. Since Milroy and ordon 2003:52 argue that pattern of language maintenance would not apparent without sampling across generation of speakers.

The language used phenomenon of Bantenese in Langkat used two languages even multilingualism. They use Banten and Indonesian language in dayily communication. Although they use Banten and Indonesian language in daily communication but some of them more often use Indonesian language than Banten Language. This condition made danger for Banten language. If the language was not spoken anywhere, it would be endangered and lost.

In this case was found that Bantenes family who live in Langkat competent to due to regeneration of their vernacular to their generation because the generation competent in using active Bahasa Banten in daily activity. Although some of them more often use Indonesian language than Banten language. As Asni 2012 indicated that the difference of language choice between the role of parents and children. According to her, children prefer to use Indonesian language whereas parents use both Indonesian and Maindailing language. According to Hussein 2012 indicated that Second generation Tigrinya teenagers speak Tigrinya mostly at home because their parents generally speak to them in Tigrinya, but the teenagers are able to understand, speak, read, and write in Arabic better than Tigrinya. The use of Tigrinya is seemingly decreasing and the use of Arabic is increasing. According to Mercy 2012 indicated The Efik community of speakers have become bilingual over the years in the English

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language and are gradually shifting allegiance to English therefore losing their original heritage.

Hussein, Ali.2012. anguage ain enance and anguage Shif a ong Second Genera ion Tigrinya pea ing Eri rean I igran in Saudi Arabia

inland:academy publisher Manufactured.

Ugot, Mercy I.2012. inori y anguage ain enance he cae of he Efi anguage in ou h Nigerian. inland: academy publisher Manufactured.

It is also similarly to the generation of Bantenese, some of them preferred to use Indonesian language. They could speak Banten language but they more often used Indonesian language than Banten language. It means that when Banten language was not a dominant language in communication, it would be endangered. The using of Indonesian language made the decrease of Banten language speakers in Langkat.

It was important to conduct a study on Bahasa Banten maintenance. There were some factors to maintain Bahasa Banten. As Holmes 200 There were living in an area dominated by Bantenese, visiting homeland regularly, intra marriage, use of the language in family domain, use of the language in neighborhood domain, use of the language in workplace domain, use the language in education domain, ethno linguistic vitality, use of the languge in religion domain and practice of adat istiadat traditional ceremony.

Looking at the fact in Banten society, there was another factor to maintain their language. The farctor was the solidarity of Bantenese to use their language together in daily communication. So in this research investigated the factors which support Bahasa Banten maintenance based on Holmes theory 200 and

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the factor phenomenon in Banten society. The expectation of the research based on factor phenomenon could enrich the factor to maintain a language.

1. T e Prob e s of t e Study

Based on the background of the study, the problems are formulated operationally in following.

1. What do the factors support Bahasa Banten Manitenance in Langkat ? 2. How do the speakers of Banten maintain the language ?

3. Why do the speakers of Banten language maintain the language ?

1. T e Ob ect ves of t e Study

In relation to the problems the objectives of the study are:

1. to describe the factors which support Bahasa Banten maintenance in Langkat.

2. to describe how the speakers of Bahasa Banten maintain the language in Langkat.

3. to describe why speakers of Banten language maintain the language in Langkat.

1. T e Scope of t e Study

This study were limited on the maintenance of Banten people live in Langkat that still speak Banten language in daily activity although they also speak with Indonesia and Banten language in daily life. The scope of this study

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was the generation of Bantenese people of langkat in Tanjung Ibus Village at the age 15-25 years old. Three main aspects were observed in this study. irst, the factor of maintenance Banten language in Langkat. Second, the way to maintain Banten language in Langkat. Third, reason of Banten people maintain their language in Langkat.

1. T e S gn f cances of t e Study

indings of this study were expected to be theoretically and practically. Theoretically, the study was considered to enrich the theories of language planning especially on Bahasa Banten maintenance in Langkat.

Practically, it was useful for Bantenese to use Banten language in their daily communication to support the maintenance of Bahasa Banten in Langkat. Then, it was also useful for government, in this case language centre, hopefully the result of this study helped them to make a well planned of language planning especially to keep maintaining Banten language so the language does not loss and to enrich the factors to support language maintenance.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSSIONS AND SUGGESSTIONS

The study concerned on the maintenance of Bahasa Banten in Langkat. After deliberatly analyzing the data, the conslusions are stated as follows:

5.1 CONCLUSION

1. There were six factors which support Banten language maintenance. The factors were intra merriage, living together, ethno linguistic vitality, use language at home, useing the language in neighborhood domain and solidarity of Bantenese to use Banten language together. There are 75% participants can speak and maintain Banten language and 25% participants can’t speak and maintain Banten language. These factors are support Bahasa Banten Maintenance in Langkat, so Bahasa Banten still use until now in Langkat.

2. The way of Bantenese to maintain their language was by using Bahasa Banten to speak with the people that can speak Banten language like their family, neighbor and friends and habitually use Banten language in daily activity. In this way Bantenese people can maintain their language, so they can speak Bahasa Banten until now.

3. There were the reason of Bantenese to maintain their language, firstly they want to keep and show their identity as a minority group. And secondly, by using Bahasa Banten they want to make Banten language would not be loss.

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5.2 S gge i

In relation to the conclusion, the following are suggested:

1. It is suggested to the Bantenese people in Langkat to use Banten language in daily activity and in every where, so their language doesn’t be loss

2. It is suggested to local goverment of Langkat to pay attantion about Banten language maintenance and make some regulation to society of Bantenese to use Banten language whenever and wherever they stay.

3. It is also suggested to language researcher to do futher research about Banten language.

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