T B ING 1101214 Table of content
TABLE OF CONTENTS
STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION .............................................................. i
PREFACE .............................................................................................................. ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. iii
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... 1
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ 4
LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................. 5
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.1 Background ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.2 Research Questions ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3 Aims of TheResearch ...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.4 The significance of the research...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.5 Clarification of Key Terms ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.6 Organization of the Paper ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER II LITERARY REVIEW ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1 Systemic Functional Linguistics ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2 The Theme System ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.1 The Types of Theme ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.2 Longer Theme Unit ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.3 Thematic Progression .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.4 Higher Level Themes: Macro- and Hyper-Themes .... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
2.3 Cohesion ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1 Reference....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1.1 Types of Reference ............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1.1.1 Personal Reference .........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Nida Amalia Asikin, 2014
The Contribution of cohesive ties to the cohesion of efl students’ expository writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.3.1.1.2 Demonstrative Reference
.............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1.1.3 Comparative Reference ..................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1.2 Function of Reference (system of retrieval) ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1.3 HomophoricReference .......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1.3.1 Exophoric Reference ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1.3.2 Endophoric Reference ....................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.2 Substitution ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.3 Ellipsis ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.4 Conjunction ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.5 Lexical Cohesion ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4 Expository Genre ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.5 Relevant Studies.............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.5.1 The role of cohesive devices on writing ....... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.1 Aims of the research ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2 Research Design .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3 Setting and Participants ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4 Data Collection ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.5 Data Analysis .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ........... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.1 Cohesive ties on students’ expository writing Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1 Reference....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1 Types of reference ..............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1.1 Personal Reference..........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1.2 Demonstrative reference ................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1.3 Comparative Reference ..................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1.4 Homophoric Reference...................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1.5 Exophoric Reference ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Nida Amalia Asikin, 2014
The Contribution of cohesive ties to the cohesion of efl students’ expository writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.1.1.1.6 Anaphoric Reference ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.2 Substitution ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3 Conjunction ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3.1 Causal Conjunction ............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3.2 Additive Conjunction .........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3.3 Adversative Conjunction ...................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3.4 Enhancement .......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3.5 Elaboration ..........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3.6 Extension .............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.4 Lexical Cohesion ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.4.1 Reiteration ...........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.4.2 Collocation ..........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2 The contribution of cohesive ties to the students’ expository writing .... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
4.2.1 Keeping track of the Participants .................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.2 Pointing to Something Within or Outside the Text..... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.2.3 Subtituting of One Item by Another ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.4 Connecting the Preceding Part with the Next Part Systematically ....... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
4.2.5 Investigating the Repetitive Sequences of Lexically Linked Items and Their
Relations to the Core Sentences ................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.3 Teachers’ corrections as students exposure to the use of cohesive ties ......... 3
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION & SUGGESTIONS ........ Error! Bookmark not
defined.5
5.1 Conclusions ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.5
5.2 Suggestions ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
APPENDICES .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Nida Amalia Asikin, 2014
The Contribution of cohesive ties to the cohesion of efl students’ expository writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Examples of Topical theme...................................................................23
Table 2.2. Examples of Interpersonal Theme ....................................................... 24
Table 2.3. Examples of Textual Theme ............................................................... 25
Table 2.4. Examples of Longer Unit Themes ..................................................... 25
Table 2.5. Examples of Longer Unit Marked Themes .......................................... 26
Table 2.6. Basic Options for Conjunctions .......................................................... 44
Table 2.7. An example of exposition and it’s structure division (from English K-6
modules 1998: 312 in But, et.al. 2006: 13) ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.1. Occurrences of cohesive ties on students’ expository writing ...... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.2. The occurrences of reference ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.3. The occurrence of substitution .............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.4. Conjunction Occurrences ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.5. Lexical types ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.6. The Contribution of Cohesive ties........................................................ 84
Nida Amalia Asikin, 2014
The Contribution of cohesive ties to the cohesion of efl students’ expository writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1. Text in Context (Butt et al., 2006:4) .... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3.1. Sample of Students' Text ...................................................................57
Nida Amalia Asikin, 2014
The Contribution of cohesive ties to the cohesion of efl students’ expository writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION .............................................................. i
PREFACE .............................................................................................................. ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. iii
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... 1
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ 4
LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................. 5
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.1 Background ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.2 Research Questions ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3 Aims of TheResearch ...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.4 The significance of the research...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.5 Clarification of Key Terms ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.6 Organization of the Paper ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER II LITERARY REVIEW ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1 Systemic Functional Linguistics ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2 The Theme System ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.1 The Types of Theme ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.2 Longer Theme Unit ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.3 Thematic Progression .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.4 Higher Level Themes: Macro- and Hyper-Themes .... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
2.3 Cohesion ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1 Reference....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1.1 Types of Reference ............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1.1.1 Personal Reference .........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Nida Amalia Asikin, 2014
The Contribution of cohesive ties to the cohesion of efl students’ expository writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.3.1.1.2 Demonstrative Reference
.............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1.1.3 Comparative Reference ..................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1.2 Function of Reference (system of retrieval) ...Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1.3 HomophoricReference .......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1.3.1 Exophoric Reference ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1.3.2 Endophoric Reference ....................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.2 Substitution ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.3 Ellipsis ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.4 Conjunction ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.5 Lexical Cohesion ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4 Expository Genre ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.5 Relevant Studies.............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.5.1 The role of cohesive devices on writing ....... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.1 Aims of the research ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2 Research Design .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3 Setting and Participants ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4 Data Collection ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.5 Data Analysis .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ........... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.1 Cohesive ties on students’ expository writing Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1 Reference....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1 Types of reference ..............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1.1 Personal Reference..........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1.2 Demonstrative reference ................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1.3 Comparative Reference ..................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1.4 Homophoric Reference...................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.1.1.5 Exophoric Reference ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Nida Amalia Asikin, 2014
The Contribution of cohesive ties to the cohesion of efl students’ expository writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.1.1.1.6 Anaphoric Reference ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.2 Substitution ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3 Conjunction ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3.1 Causal Conjunction ............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3.2 Additive Conjunction .........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3.3 Adversative Conjunction ...................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3.4 Enhancement .......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3.5 Elaboration ..........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.3.6 Extension .............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.4 Lexical Cohesion ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.4.1 Reiteration ...........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1.4.2 Collocation ..........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2 The contribution of cohesive ties to the students’ expository writing .... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
4.2.1 Keeping track of the Participants .................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.2 Pointing to Something Within or Outside the Text..... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
4.2.3 Subtituting of One Item by Another ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.4 Connecting the Preceding Part with the Next Part Systematically ....... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
4.2.5 Investigating the Repetitive Sequences of Lexically Linked Items and Their
Relations to the Core Sentences ................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.3 Teachers’ corrections as students exposure to the use of cohesive ties ......... 3
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION & SUGGESTIONS ........ Error! Bookmark not
defined.5
5.1 Conclusions ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.5
5.2 Suggestions ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
APPENDICES .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Nida Amalia Asikin, 2014
The Contribution of cohesive ties to the cohesion of efl students’ expository writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Examples of Topical theme...................................................................23
Table 2.2. Examples of Interpersonal Theme ....................................................... 24
Table 2.3. Examples of Textual Theme ............................................................... 25
Table 2.4. Examples of Longer Unit Themes ..................................................... 25
Table 2.5. Examples of Longer Unit Marked Themes .......................................... 26
Table 2.6. Basic Options for Conjunctions .......................................................... 44
Table 2.7. An example of exposition and it’s structure division (from English K-6
modules 1998: 312 in But, et.al. 2006: 13) ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.1. Occurrences of cohesive ties on students’ expository writing ...... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.2. The occurrences of reference ................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.3. The occurrence of substitution .............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.4. Conjunction Occurrences ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.5. Lexical types ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.6. The Contribution of Cohesive ties........................................................ 84
Nida Amalia Asikin, 2014
The Contribution of cohesive ties to the cohesion of efl students’ expository writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1. Text in Context (Butt et al., 2006:4) .... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3.1. Sample of Students' Text ...................................................................57
Nida Amalia Asikin, 2014
The Contribution of cohesive ties to the cohesion of efl students’ expository writing
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu