T B ING 1101163 Table of content
Table of Content
Page of Approval.........................................................................................................ii
Page of Declaration....................................................................................................iii
Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... iv
Table of Content ......................................................................................................... v
List of Tables ............................................................................................................ vii
List of Figures .......................................................................................................... viii
Abstract ...................................................................................................................... ix
Chapter I Introduction .............................................................................................. 1
1. 1 Background ....................................................................................................... 1
1. 2 Research Questions ........................................................................................... 4
1. 3 The Aims of The Study ..................................................................................... 4
1. 4 The Clarification of Terms ................................................................................ 5
1. 5 The Scope of The Study .................................................................................... 6
1. 6 The Significance of The Study.......................................................................... 7
1. 7 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 8
Chapter II Theoretical Foundation .......................................................................... 9
2. 1 English Articles ................................................................................................. 9
2. 1. 1 Semantic-pragmatic context of Definiteness ...................................... 11
2. 1. 1. 1 Uniqueness ........................................................................... 11
2. 1. 1. 2 Familiarity ............................................................................ 16
2. 1. 1. 3 Identifiability ........................................................................ 18
2. 2. 2 Specificity ........................................................................................... 19
2. 2 English Nominal System ................................................................................. 25
2. 3 The Representation of Definiteness in Indonesian.......................................... 28
2. 4 Indonesian Nominal System ........................................................................... 33
2. 5 Second Language Acquisition Theory: Universal Grammar .......................... 34
2. 6 Previous Studies on Article Choice ................................................................ 36
2. 6. 1 Early Studies on Article acquisition .................................................... 36
2. 6. 2 Article Choice Parameter (ACP) ......................................................... 37
2. 6. 3 Studies on Article Choice to Article-less L1....................................... 39
2. 6. 4 Studies of Article Choice to L1 with Articles ..................................... 43
2. 6. 5 Studies of Article Choice Compering L1 with articless and
Article-less L1 ..................................................................................... 44
2. 6. 6 Studies of English Article Choice to Indonesian L1 and
Malay L1 ............................................................................................. 45
Chapter III Research Method ................................................................................. 46
Parawati Siti Sondari, 2014
A Study Of English Article Choice: A Case Study Of Two Indonesian English Teachers
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
3. 1 Research Paradigm and Design ....................................................................... 46
3. 2 Research Questions ......................................................................................... 48
3. 3 Data Collection Method .................................................................................. 49
3. 3. 1 Research Participants .......................................................................... 49
3. 3. 2 Data Collection Instruments................................................................ 51
3. 3. 2. 1
Forced-choice Elicitation Task ................................... 52
3. 3. 2. 2
Video-taped Observation ............................................ 57
3. 3. 3 Data Analysis ...................................................................................... 58
Chapter IV Findings and Discussions .................................................................... 61
4. 1 Definiteness .................................................................................................... 61
4. 1. 1 Forced-choice Elicitation Task ........................................................... 61
4. 1. 2 Observation Data.................................................................................67
4. 2 Specificity ....................................................................................................... 74
4. 2. 1 Forced-choice Elicitation Task ........................................................... 74
4. 2. 2 Observation Data.................................................................................84
4. 3 Noun Countability ........................................................................................... 90
4. 3. 1 Forced-choice Elicitation Task ........................................................... 90
4. 3. 2 Observation Data.................................................................................95
Chapter V Conclusions and Suggestions ............................................................. 102
5. 1 Conclusions ................................................................................................... 102
5. 2 Suggestions for Further Research ................................................................. 107
References ............................................................................................................... 108
Appendices .............................................................................................................. 116
Appendix I
Appendix II
Appendix III
Appendix IV
Appendix V
Appendix VI
The list of nouns used in the task...........................................116
Forced-choice elicitation task ...............................................117
Forced-choice elicitation task analysis..................................157
Observation transcriptions.....................................................160
Transcription analysis............................................................189
Participants’ TOEFL prediction scores.................................197
Parawati Siti Sondari, 2014
A Study Of English Article Choice: A Case Study Of Two Indonesian English Teachers
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Page of Approval.........................................................................................................ii
Page of Declaration....................................................................................................iii
Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... iv
Table of Content ......................................................................................................... v
List of Tables ............................................................................................................ vii
List of Figures .......................................................................................................... viii
Abstract ...................................................................................................................... ix
Chapter I Introduction .............................................................................................. 1
1. 1 Background ....................................................................................................... 1
1. 2 Research Questions ........................................................................................... 4
1. 3 The Aims of The Study ..................................................................................... 4
1. 4 The Clarification of Terms ................................................................................ 5
1. 5 The Scope of The Study .................................................................................... 6
1. 6 The Significance of The Study.......................................................................... 7
1. 7 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 8
Chapter II Theoretical Foundation .......................................................................... 9
2. 1 English Articles ................................................................................................. 9
2. 1. 1 Semantic-pragmatic context of Definiteness ...................................... 11
2. 1. 1. 1 Uniqueness ........................................................................... 11
2. 1. 1. 2 Familiarity ............................................................................ 16
2. 1. 1. 3 Identifiability ........................................................................ 18
2. 2. 2 Specificity ........................................................................................... 19
2. 2 English Nominal System ................................................................................. 25
2. 3 The Representation of Definiteness in Indonesian.......................................... 28
2. 4 Indonesian Nominal System ........................................................................... 33
2. 5 Second Language Acquisition Theory: Universal Grammar .......................... 34
2. 6 Previous Studies on Article Choice ................................................................ 36
2. 6. 1 Early Studies on Article acquisition .................................................... 36
2. 6. 2 Article Choice Parameter (ACP) ......................................................... 37
2. 6. 3 Studies on Article Choice to Article-less L1....................................... 39
2. 6. 4 Studies of Article Choice to L1 with Articles ..................................... 43
2. 6. 5 Studies of Article Choice Compering L1 with articless and
Article-less L1 ..................................................................................... 44
2. 6. 6 Studies of English Article Choice to Indonesian L1 and
Malay L1 ............................................................................................. 45
Chapter III Research Method ................................................................................. 46
Parawati Siti Sondari, 2014
A Study Of English Article Choice: A Case Study Of Two Indonesian English Teachers
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
3. 1 Research Paradigm and Design ....................................................................... 46
3. 2 Research Questions ......................................................................................... 48
3. 3 Data Collection Method .................................................................................. 49
3. 3. 1 Research Participants .......................................................................... 49
3. 3. 2 Data Collection Instruments................................................................ 51
3. 3. 2. 1
Forced-choice Elicitation Task ................................... 52
3. 3. 2. 2
Video-taped Observation ............................................ 57
3. 3. 3 Data Analysis ...................................................................................... 58
Chapter IV Findings and Discussions .................................................................... 61
4. 1 Definiteness .................................................................................................... 61
4. 1. 1 Forced-choice Elicitation Task ........................................................... 61
4. 1. 2 Observation Data.................................................................................67
4. 2 Specificity ....................................................................................................... 74
4. 2. 1 Forced-choice Elicitation Task ........................................................... 74
4. 2. 2 Observation Data.................................................................................84
4. 3 Noun Countability ........................................................................................... 90
4. 3. 1 Forced-choice Elicitation Task ........................................................... 90
4. 3. 2 Observation Data.................................................................................95
Chapter V Conclusions and Suggestions ............................................................. 102
5. 1 Conclusions ................................................................................................... 102
5. 2 Suggestions for Further Research ................................................................. 107
References ............................................................................................................... 108
Appendices .............................................................................................................. 116
Appendix I
Appendix II
Appendix III
Appendix IV
Appendix V
Appendix VI
The list of nouns used in the task...........................................116
Forced-choice elicitation task ...............................................117
Forced-choice elicitation task analysis..................................157
Observation transcriptions.....................................................160
Transcription analysis............................................................189
Participants’ TOEFL prediction scores.................................197
Parawati Siti Sondari, 2014
A Study Of English Article Choice: A Case Study Of Two Indonesian English Teachers
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu