S GEO 1402773 Table of Content
DAFTAR ISI
PERNYATAAN.....................................................................................................i
KATA PENGANTAR ...........................................................................................ii
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ................................................................................iii
ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................iv
ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................................v
DAFTAR ISI..........................................................................................................vi
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .........................................................................................xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .....................................................................................1
A. Latar Belakang ..................................................................................................1
B. Rumusan Masalah .............................................................................................9
C. Tujuan Penelitian ..............................................................................................9
D. Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................................9
BAB II KAJIAN TEORI .....................................................................................10
A. Lingkungan Sekolah dan Kecerdasan Spasial ..................................................10
B. Kontribusi Geo-literacy terhadap Perilaku Spasial ...........................................30
C. Fluid Intelligence dan Crystallized Intelligence ...............................................32
D. Penelitian Terdahulu .........................................................................................34
E. Pembahasan Kajian Teori .................................................................................34
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN .....................................................................39
A. Metode Penelitian .............................................................................................39
B. Lokasi Penelitian ...............................................................................................39
C. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ........................................................................41
D. Definisi Operasional .........................................................................................44
E. Variabel Penelitian ............................................................................................46
F. Pengembangan Instrumen Penelitian ................................................................46
G. Teknik Pengambilan Data .................................................................................54
H. Teknik Analisis Data.........................................................................................55
Faiz Urfan, 2016
Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah Terhadap Kecerdasan
Spasial Peserta Didik Melalui Affordance Dan Geo-Literacy
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ..............................................................62
A. Hasil Penelitian .................................................................................................62
1. Deskripsi Lokasi Penelitian ........................................................................62
2. Hasil Pengumpulan Data.............................................................................66
3. Uji Statistik .................................................................................................73
B. Pembahasan.......................................................................................................94
1. Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah terhadap Affordance ..................................95
2. Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah dan Affordance terhadap
Geo-literacy ................................................................................................101
3. Pengaruh Affordance dan Geo-literacy terhadap
Kecerdasan spasial ......................................................................................104
BAB V SIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI DAN REKOMENDASI ............................110
A. Kesimpulan .......................................................................................................110
B. Implikasi dan Rekomendasi ..............................................................................111
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................113
Faiz Urfan, 2016
Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah Terhadap Kecerdasan
Spasial Peserta Didik Melalui Affordance Dan Geo-Literacy
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
2.1. Ringkasan Teori Kecerdasan Spasial ...............................................................15
2.2. Cara Belajar untuk Mengasah Kecerdasan Spasial ..........................................15
2.3. Kegiatan Pembelajaran untuk Melatih Kecerdasan Spasial.............................25
2.4. Ringkasan Konsep Kecerdasan Spasial ...........................................................27
2.5. Penelitian Terdahulu mengenai Kecerdasan Spasial .......................................35
3.1. Daftar SMA Negeri di Kota Bandung ............................................................40
3.2. Daftar SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Bandung ....................................................40
3.3. Teknik Sampling dalam Penelitian ..................................................................41
3.4. Data Passing Grade SMA Negeri di Kota Bandung Tahun 2012 – 2014 .......42
3.5. Data Passing Grade SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Bandung Tahun
2012 – 2014 .....................................................................................................43
3.6. Penentuan Sampel Sekolah di Kota Bandung ..................................................43
3.7. Penentuan Sampel Sekolah di Kabupaten Bandung ........................................44
3.8. Variabel Penelitian ...........................................................................................47
3.9. Hasil Uji Validitas Instrumen Penelitian .........................................................51
3.10. Hasil Uji Reliabilitas Instrumen Penelitian....................................................53
4.1. Data Sekolah Sampel Penelitian di Kota Bandung ..........................................65
4.2. Data Sekolah Sampel Penelitian di Kabupaten Bandung ................................66
4.3. Perbandingan Pengukuran Variabel antara SMAN Negeri di Kota Bandung
dan Kabupaten Bandung .................................................................................72
4.4. Hasil Uji Homogenitas Data Penelitian ...........................................................74
4.5. Hasil Uji Normalitas Data Penelitian ...............................................................75
4.6. Koefisien Residual (e1) dari Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah (X)
terhadap Affordance (Y1).................................................................................82
4.7. Hasil Pengujian Model Geo-literacy ...............................................................84
4.8. Koefisien Residual (e2) dari Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah (X) dan
Affordance (Y1) terhadap Geo-literacy (Y2) ...................................................85
Faiz Urfan, 2016
Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah Terhadap Kecerdasan
Spasial Peserta Didik Melalui Affordance Dan Geo-Literacy
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.9. Hasil Pengujian Model Kecerdasan Spasial ....................................................87
4.10. Koefisien Residual (e3) dari Affordance (Y1) dan Geo-literacy (Y2)
terhadap Kecerdasan Spasial (Y3) ...................................................................87
4.11. Pengaruh Variabel Independen dan Nilai Residual dalam Bentuk
Persen ..............................................................................................................89
4.12. Pengaruh Tidak Langsung antara Lingkungan Sekolah dan
Kecerdasan Spasial. .........................................................................................91
4.13. Koefisien Residual (e) dari Lingkungan Sekolah (X) dan
Kecerdasan Spasial (Y3) ..................................................................................92
Faiz Urfan, 2016
Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah Terhadap Kecerdasan
Spasial Peserta Didik Melalui Affordance Dan Geo-Literacy
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
2.1. Lingkungan sekolah sebagai bagian dari lingkungan belajar peserta
didik ..............................................................................................................10
2.2. Pengaruh Lingkungan terhadap Pola Pikir Manusia .....................................18
2.3. Skema Perkembangan Kemampuan Spasial berdasarkan Teori Piaget ........19
2.4. Fluid Intelligence (Gf) dan Crystallized Intelligence (Gc) ...........................33
3.1. Model Diagram Analisis Jalur Penelitian .....................................................47
4.1. Peta Sebaran SMA Negeri di Kota Bandung ................................................63
4.2. Peta Sebaran SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Bandung ......................................64
4.3. Grafik Pengukuran Lingkungan Sekolah ......................................................67
4.4. Grafik Rata-rata Affordance Responden .......................................................69
4.5. Grafik Rata-rata Geo-literacy Responden ....................................................71
4.6. Grafik Rata-rata Kecerdasan Spasial Responden .........................................72
4.7. Model Diagram Analisis Jalur Penelitian .....................................................77
4.8. Full Path Diagram Model Penelitian (Unstandardized) ...............................78
4.9. Full Path Diagram Model Penelitian (Standardized) ...................................79
4.10. Full Path Analisis Jalur dengan Residual (Standardized) ..........................88
4.11. Full Path Analisis Jalur dengan Residual (Persentase) ..............................90
4.12. Hubungan Regresi Lingkungan Sekolah terhadap Kecerdasan
Spasial dengan Residual (Standardized) ......................................................93
4.13. Hubungan Regresi Lingkungan Sekolah terhadap Kecerdasan Spasial
dengan Residual (Persentase) .......................................................................94
4.14. Perbedaan Variabel Affordance sebagai Variabel Dependen
dan Variabel Moderasi .................................................................................100
Faiz Urfan, 2016
Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah Terhadap Kecerdasan
Spasial Peserta Didik Melalui Affordance Dan Geo-Literacy
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
LAMPIRAN INSTRUMEN PENELITIAN ....................................................120
LAMPIRAN DATA PENELITIAN .................................................................142
LAMPIRAN PENGOLAHAN DATA PENELITIAN ....................................142
LAMPIRAN FOTO ...........................................................................................143
Faiz Urfan, 2016
Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah Terhadap Kecerdasan
Spasial Peserta Didik Melalui Affordance Dan Geo-Literacy
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
PERNYATAAN.....................................................................................................i
KATA PENGANTAR ...........................................................................................ii
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ................................................................................iii
ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................iv
ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................................v
DAFTAR ISI..........................................................................................................vi
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .........................................................................................xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .....................................................................................1
A. Latar Belakang ..................................................................................................1
B. Rumusan Masalah .............................................................................................9
C. Tujuan Penelitian ..............................................................................................9
D. Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................................9
BAB II KAJIAN TEORI .....................................................................................10
A. Lingkungan Sekolah dan Kecerdasan Spasial ..................................................10
B. Kontribusi Geo-literacy terhadap Perilaku Spasial ...........................................30
C. Fluid Intelligence dan Crystallized Intelligence ...............................................32
D. Penelitian Terdahulu .........................................................................................34
E. Pembahasan Kajian Teori .................................................................................34
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN .....................................................................39
A. Metode Penelitian .............................................................................................39
B. Lokasi Penelitian ...............................................................................................39
C. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ........................................................................41
D. Definisi Operasional .........................................................................................44
E. Variabel Penelitian ............................................................................................46
F. Pengembangan Instrumen Penelitian ................................................................46
G. Teknik Pengambilan Data .................................................................................54
H. Teknik Analisis Data.........................................................................................55
Faiz Urfan, 2016
Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah Terhadap Kecerdasan
Spasial Peserta Didik Melalui Affordance Dan Geo-Literacy
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ..............................................................62
A. Hasil Penelitian .................................................................................................62
1. Deskripsi Lokasi Penelitian ........................................................................62
2. Hasil Pengumpulan Data.............................................................................66
3. Uji Statistik .................................................................................................73
B. Pembahasan.......................................................................................................94
1. Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah terhadap Affordance ..................................95
2. Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah dan Affordance terhadap
Geo-literacy ................................................................................................101
3. Pengaruh Affordance dan Geo-literacy terhadap
Kecerdasan spasial ......................................................................................104
BAB V SIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI DAN REKOMENDASI ............................110
A. Kesimpulan .......................................................................................................110
B. Implikasi dan Rekomendasi ..............................................................................111
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................113
Faiz Urfan, 2016
Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah Terhadap Kecerdasan
Spasial Peserta Didik Melalui Affordance Dan Geo-Literacy
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
2.1. Ringkasan Teori Kecerdasan Spasial ...............................................................15
2.2. Cara Belajar untuk Mengasah Kecerdasan Spasial ..........................................15
2.3. Kegiatan Pembelajaran untuk Melatih Kecerdasan Spasial.............................25
2.4. Ringkasan Konsep Kecerdasan Spasial ...........................................................27
2.5. Penelitian Terdahulu mengenai Kecerdasan Spasial .......................................35
3.1. Daftar SMA Negeri di Kota Bandung ............................................................40
3.2. Daftar SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Bandung ....................................................40
3.3. Teknik Sampling dalam Penelitian ..................................................................41
3.4. Data Passing Grade SMA Negeri di Kota Bandung Tahun 2012 – 2014 .......42
3.5. Data Passing Grade SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Bandung Tahun
2012 – 2014 .....................................................................................................43
3.6. Penentuan Sampel Sekolah di Kota Bandung ..................................................43
3.7. Penentuan Sampel Sekolah di Kabupaten Bandung ........................................44
3.8. Variabel Penelitian ...........................................................................................47
3.9. Hasil Uji Validitas Instrumen Penelitian .........................................................51
3.10. Hasil Uji Reliabilitas Instrumen Penelitian....................................................53
4.1. Data Sekolah Sampel Penelitian di Kota Bandung ..........................................65
4.2. Data Sekolah Sampel Penelitian di Kabupaten Bandung ................................66
4.3. Perbandingan Pengukuran Variabel antara SMAN Negeri di Kota Bandung
dan Kabupaten Bandung .................................................................................72
4.4. Hasil Uji Homogenitas Data Penelitian ...........................................................74
4.5. Hasil Uji Normalitas Data Penelitian ...............................................................75
4.6. Koefisien Residual (e1) dari Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah (X)
terhadap Affordance (Y1).................................................................................82
4.7. Hasil Pengujian Model Geo-literacy ...............................................................84
4.8. Koefisien Residual (e2) dari Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah (X) dan
Affordance (Y1) terhadap Geo-literacy (Y2) ...................................................85
Faiz Urfan, 2016
Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah Terhadap Kecerdasan
Spasial Peserta Didik Melalui Affordance Dan Geo-Literacy
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.9. Hasil Pengujian Model Kecerdasan Spasial ....................................................87
4.10. Koefisien Residual (e3) dari Affordance (Y1) dan Geo-literacy (Y2)
terhadap Kecerdasan Spasial (Y3) ...................................................................87
4.11. Pengaruh Variabel Independen dan Nilai Residual dalam Bentuk
Persen ..............................................................................................................89
4.12. Pengaruh Tidak Langsung antara Lingkungan Sekolah dan
Kecerdasan Spasial. .........................................................................................91
4.13. Koefisien Residual (e) dari Lingkungan Sekolah (X) dan
Kecerdasan Spasial (Y3) ..................................................................................92
Faiz Urfan, 2016
Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah Terhadap Kecerdasan
Spasial Peserta Didik Melalui Affordance Dan Geo-Literacy
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
2.1. Lingkungan sekolah sebagai bagian dari lingkungan belajar peserta
didik ..............................................................................................................10
2.2. Pengaruh Lingkungan terhadap Pola Pikir Manusia .....................................18
2.3. Skema Perkembangan Kemampuan Spasial berdasarkan Teori Piaget ........19
2.4. Fluid Intelligence (Gf) dan Crystallized Intelligence (Gc) ...........................33
3.1. Model Diagram Analisis Jalur Penelitian .....................................................47
4.1. Peta Sebaran SMA Negeri di Kota Bandung ................................................63
4.2. Peta Sebaran SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Bandung ......................................64
4.3. Grafik Pengukuran Lingkungan Sekolah ......................................................67
4.4. Grafik Rata-rata Affordance Responden .......................................................69
4.5. Grafik Rata-rata Geo-literacy Responden ....................................................71
4.6. Grafik Rata-rata Kecerdasan Spasial Responden .........................................72
4.7. Model Diagram Analisis Jalur Penelitian .....................................................77
4.8. Full Path Diagram Model Penelitian (Unstandardized) ...............................78
4.9. Full Path Diagram Model Penelitian (Standardized) ...................................79
4.10. Full Path Analisis Jalur dengan Residual (Standardized) ..........................88
4.11. Full Path Analisis Jalur dengan Residual (Persentase) ..............................90
4.12. Hubungan Regresi Lingkungan Sekolah terhadap Kecerdasan
Spasial dengan Residual (Standardized) ......................................................93
4.13. Hubungan Regresi Lingkungan Sekolah terhadap Kecerdasan Spasial
dengan Residual (Persentase) .......................................................................94
4.14. Perbedaan Variabel Affordance sebagai Variabel Dependen
dan Variabel Moderasi .................................................................................100
Faiz Urfan, 2016
Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah Terhadap Kecerdasan
Spasial Peserta Didik Melalui Affordance Dan Geo-Literacy
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
LAMPIRAN INSTRUMEN PENELITIAN ....................................................120
LAMPIRAN DATA PENELITIAN .................................................................142
LAMPIRAN PENGOLAHAN DATA PENELITIAN ....................................142
LAMPIRAN FOTO ...........................................................................................143
Faiz Urfan, 2016
Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah Terhadap Kecerdasan
Spasial Peserta Didik Melalui Affordance Dan Geo-Literacy
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu