AN ERROR ANALYSIS OF USING PRONOUNS MADE BY SIXTH GRADE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF SD NEGERI 068003 MEDAN

  AN ERROR ANALYSIS OF USING PRONOUNS MADE BY SIXTH GRADE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF SD NEGERI 068003 MEDAN A THESIS BY: YUKI GOKLAS SEMBIRING REG. NO. 100705097 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2015

  

AN ERROR ANALYSIS OF USING PRONOUN MADE BY SIXTH GRADE

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF SD NEGERI 068003 MEDAN. A THESIS

BY: YUKI GOKLAS SEMBIRING REG. NO. 100705097 Supervisor, Co-Supervisor, Dr. Roswita Silalahi, Dip. TESOL. M. Hum Drs. Yulianus Harefa, M.Ed. TESOL NIP. 19540528 198303 2 001 NIP. 19610703 198601 1 001

  

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of

English Literature DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2015

  

Approved by the Department of English Literature, Faculty of Cultural Studies University

of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.

   Head, Secretary, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002

  Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the English Literature Department, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

  The examination is held on the Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara on Friday 30 January, 2015 The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001

  Boards of Examiners,

  Dr. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. ------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A, Ph.D.

• Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, SH. MA .
• Drs. Yulianus Harefa, M. Ed. TESOL Drs. Umar Mono, Dipl. Trans. M. Hum -------------------------------------

  

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

  First of all, I would like to thank the Almighty God who always blesses me with His abundant and unlimited love. Thank you my Lord because You have shown me Your way to step in Your Truth forever in my life.

Some days ago, I was lost with so many problems and I don‟t know what I should to do. It seems that I can‟t finish my thesis, but because of Your love in my

  life finally I am able to finish it, so, now and forever, I belong to You. Thank you for blessing me in finishing my study in Department of English Literature, University of Sumatera Utara and especially for my thesis which entitled An Error Analysis of Using Pronouns Made By Sixth Grade Elementary School Students in SD Negeri 068003 Medan.

  I also would like to say thanks to my Supervisor Dr. Roswita Silalahi, Dip. TESOL. M. Hum who has given me much attention, contribution and supports with all her great patience and understanding to guide me in finishing this thesis, and my Co-Supervisor, Drs. Yulianus Harefa, M.Ed.TESOL for his constructive outcomes for this thesis. Also thanks to my lecturer Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum to support me and help me in completing my thesis. Thanks to the Principle of SD Negeri 068003 P. Simalingkar Medan Ibu Jasmaniah, M.Th and all the teachers who have allowed me in doing my research in their schools.

  My gratitude to all my lecturers in English Literature Department who have taught me during my study with their love and patience. I also thank Dr. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S., the Chief of English Department, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D, the Secretary, for their attention to all my academic affairs, and Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A., the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies of the University of Sumatera Utara as well as the staffs for their valuable helps.

  My great gratitude to my lovely parents, my father H. Sembiring and my mommy M. br. Manurung (D. br. Hutabarat) for their warm love to me. Also to my brother Jetro and my sister Putri, I love you.

  Special thanks to my friends in English Department for all their guidance and prayer so that I can finish this thesis.

  I write this thesis in my limitation as a student of English Department, but I hope that this thesis can be used as a positive contribution to anyone who read it.

  Medan, January 2015 Yuki Goklas Sembiring

  100705097

  

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

  I Yuki Goklas Sembiring declare that I am the sole author of this thesis except where reference is made in the text of this thesis. This thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole for or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

  No other person‟s work has been used without due acknowledgments in the main text of this thesis. This thesis has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

  Signed :

  th

  Date : 30 January 2015

  Name : Yuki Goklas Sembiring Title Of Thesis : An Error Analysis Of Using Pronoun Made By Sixth Grade Elementary School Students Of Sd Negeri 068003 P. Simalingkar Medan.

  Qualification : S-1/Sarjana Sastra Department : English I am willing that my thesis should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the librarian of Department of English Literature, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under the law of the Republic of Indonesia Signed :

  th

  Date : 30 January 2015

  

ABSTRACT

  This Thesis entitled An Error Analysis of Using Pronouns Made by the Sixth Grade

  

Elementary School Students of SD Negeri 068003 Medan. The aim of this study is to describe

  the varieties of SD Negeri 068003 Medan Sixth Grade students‟ erronous in using pronouns which consist of personal pronoun, possessive pronoun, reflexive pronoun, demonstrative pronoun, and indefinite pronoun. This study was also intended to give some contributions concerning the factors that influence the grammatical errors on the use of pronouns and how to overcome the errors. This study is descriptive qualitative and quantitative research. The writer had chosen the Sixth Grade students of SD Negeri 068003 Medan in the academic year of 2014/2015 and the subject were 30 students. The factors that influenced the errors were found out from the result of the test. Based on the research, it was found that from the 581 total errors, there are 81 (13.94%) errors of personal pronoun, 118 (20.3%) errors of possessive pronoun, 120 (20.65%) errors of reflexive pronoun, 137 (23.58%) errors of demonstrative pronoun, and 125 (21.51%) errors of interrogative and indefinite pronoun. Based on the total of population, it can be concluded that there is 64.54% of total errors of all sub-category from 900 sentences of total population and the remaining percentage 35.46% of them are not errors. In other words, it can be said that only 9% of the total population is error of personal pronoun, 13.11% is error of possessive pronoun, 13.33% is error of reflexive pronoun, 15.22% is error of demonstrative pronoun, and 13.88% is error of interrogative and indefinite pronoun. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that there are 24 (80%) of total errors of two categories from Burt and Kiparsky (1974) theory is local error and 6 (20%) is global error. Whereas for the causes, it can be concluded that there are 18 (60%) caused by mother tongue interference or first language interference, 9 (30%) caused by ignorance of rule restriction, and 3 (10%) caused by carelessness. Then, it can be concluded that the highest error made by the Sixth Grade elementary school students of SD Negeri 068003 Medan is using demonstrative pronoun 23.58%, the most kinds or types of error is local errors, and the most causes of errors is caused by mother tongue interference or first language interference. In addition, as a researcher, I would like to recommend to the students that they should be more active in practicing more about the usage of English pronouns and their functions, and for the teacher, they should be more creative in applying the effective and appropriate method and techniques (better strategy) in teaching English pronouns and their functions to their students.

  Keywords: An Error Analysis, Pronouns, SD Negeri 068003 Medan .

  

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................ i AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ..................................................................................... iii COPYRIGHT DECLARATION .................................................................................. iv ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................. vi LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... viii LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................... ix

  CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

  ……………………………………………………..1

  1.1 Background of the Study .............................................................. 1

  1.2 Problems of the Study .................................................................. 5

  1.3 Objective of the Study .................................................................. 5

  1.4 Scope of the Study ....................................................................... 5

  1.5 Significance of the Study ............................................................. 6

  CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF LITERATURE

  2.1 The Definitions of Error ................................................................. 8

  2.1.1 The Defenition of Error Analysis .............................................. 10

  2.2 Errors and Mistakes ...................................................................... 11

  2.2.1 Types of Error ............................................................................ 12

  2.2.2 Causes of Error .......................................................................... 13

  2.2.3 The Goal of Error Analysis ....................................................... 16

  2.2.4 Error Treatment ......................................................................... 17

  2.2.5 The Interference ......................................................................... 18

  2.3 The Source of Error ...................................................................... 19

  2.4 English Grammar .......................................................................... 24

  2.5 The Definitions of Pronouns ........................................................ 25

  2.6 Pronouns Errors ............................................................................ 27

  2.7 The Meaning of the Test ............................................................... 29

  2.7.1 Type of Test ............................................................................... 31

  2.7.2 Criteria of a Good Test .............................................................. 34

  CHAPTER III: METHOD OF RESEARCH

  3.1 Research Design ........................................................................... 37

  3.2 Data and Data Source ................................................................... 38

  3.3 The Subject of the Study .............................................................. 39

  3.4 Data Collecting Technique ........................................................... 41

  3.5 Technique of Data Analysis ......................................................... 43

  3.6 Time and Location ....................................................................... 46

  CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

  4.1 Data Analysis ................................................................................ 47

  4.2 Findings ........................................................................................ 51

  4.2.1 Classification of Errors .............................................................. 51

  4.2.2 Analysis per Item ....................................................................... 56

  4.2.3 The Solution of the Error ........................................................... 80

  CHAPTER V : CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

  5.1 Conclusions .................................................................................. 82

  5.2 Suggestions ................................................................................... 83

  BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................... 84 LIST OF TABLES APPENDICES

  

LIST OF TABLES

Table1. Form of personal pronouns and the function in the sentence Table2. Students’ score range in SD N 0608003 Table3. Student Percentage of achievement Table4 . Students’ score range of each section Table5. Pronoun Area function and each item Table6. Percentage of Respondents Errors Table7. Total Errors Table8. Percentages of personal pronouns Table9. Percentages of possessive pronoun Table10. Percentages of reflexive pronoun Table11. Percentages of demonstrative pronouns Table12. Percentages of interrogative & indefinite pronouns Table13. Percentages of the whole functions of pronouns Table14 . Students’ highest, lowest, and mean score Table15. Pronoun Area based on its High Frequency of Errors Table16. Error s’ Types and Causes in Using Pronouns

  APPENDIX 1 The convening letter of research used by the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies USU APPENDIX 2 The acceptance letter for doing a research issued by the Head Master of SD Negeri 068003 Medan APPENDIX 3 The official statement for finishing the research issued by the Head Master of SD Negeri 068003 Medan APPENDIX 4 The instrument of collecting data APPENDIX 5 Error sentences in using Pronouns