AN ANALYSIS ON THE TYPES OF SENTENCE PATTERNS IN READING PASSAGES OF ENGLISH TEXTBOOK “MODUL” USED BY THE SIXTH GRADE STUDENTS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN KECAMATAN BANYUPUTIH SITUBONDO

i

AN ANALYSIS ON THE TYPES OF SENTENCE PATTERNS

IN READING PASSAGES OF ENGLISH TEXTBOOK

“MODUL” USED BY THE SIXTH GRADE STUDENTS OF

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN KECAMATAN BANYUPUTIH

SITUBONDO

By:

RIZAL FADHLI NAZIRUDDIN 08360113

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

AUGUST 2012

ii

AN ANALYSIS ON THE TYPES OF SENTENCE PATTERNS

IN READING PASSAGES OF ENGLISH TEXTBOOK

“MODUL” USED BY THE SIXTH GRADE STUDENTS OF

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN KECAMATAN BANYUPUTIH

SITUBONDO

By:

RIZAL FADHLI NAZIRUDDIN

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

AUGUST 2012

iii

AN ANALYSIS ON THE TYPES OF SENTENCE PATTERNS

IN READING PASSAGES OF ENGLISH TEXTBOOK

“MODUL” USED BY THE SIXTH GRADE STUDENTS OF

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN KECAMATAN BANYUPUTIH

SITUBONDO

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree English Education

By

RIZAL FADHLI NAZIRUDDIN 08360113

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

AUGUST 2012

vi

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

MOTTO :

Semakin banyak kita belajar, maka semakin banyak kita mengetahui kekurangan dan ketidaktahuan kita.

Allah does not charge a soul except (with that in) its capacity. (QS. Al-Baqarah:286)

Sebaik-baik manusia adalah mereka yang bermanfaat bagi sesamanya. (HR. Bukhori-Muslim)

DEDICATION: I dedicated this thesis to: My beloved father and mother,

My brother and my sister, And my lovely wife,

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Alhamdulillah, the writer would like to thank to Allah SWT for blessing and merciful given so that the writer could finish this thesis. The writer also wants to send sholawat and greeting to his beloved prophet, Muhammad SAW, as the messenger of Allah who has showed the lightness era.

The researcher realizes that there are so many persons who are involved in the process of completing this thesis. Here he would like to express his gratitude to the persons who are involved, they are:

1. Drs. Adiloka S, M. Pd his first advisor and Drs. Soeparto, M. Pd his second advisor, for their suggestions, invaluable guidance and advice during the consultation period, and their comments and correction during the completion this thesis.

2. His beloved father H. Samja’i and mother Hj. Sriani, S. Pd who always give their support, prayers and affection to him.

3. His brother Aminuddin Aziz and his sister Nurul Alaina thanks for your support and joke.

4. His wife Pita who always gives support and motivation to the writer, thanks for your patience and love.

5. His best friend Puji Sumarsono M. Ed, thanks for your help and encourage. Finally, he expects that this thesis would be very helpful for the next research that will be done.

Malang, July 30th, 2012

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL ... iv

LEGALIZATION ... v

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... vi

ABSTRACT ... vii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ... viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... ix

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ... 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem ... 5

1.3 Purposes of the Study ... 5

1.4 Significance of the Study ... 6

1.5 Scope and Limitation ... 6

1.6 Definition of Key Terms ... 7

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Sentence ... 8

2.2 Types of Sentence ... 10

2.2.1 Simple Sentence ... 11

2.2.2 Compound Sentence ... 12

2.2.3 Complex Sentence ... 14

2.2.4 Compound-Complex Sentence ... 16

2.3 Clause ... 17

2.3.1 Noun Clause ... 18

2.3.2 Adverb Clause ... 20

2.3.3 Adjective Clause ... 22

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2.4.1 Declarative Sentence ... 26

2.4.2 Interrogative Sentence ... 27

2.4.3 Exclamatory Sentence ... 28

2.4.4 Imperative Sentence ... 29

2.5 Previous Studies ... 30

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ... 31

3.2 Research Object ... 32

3.3 Research Instrument ... 33

3.4 Data Collection ... 33

3.5 Data Analysis ... 34

CHAPTER IV RESEACRH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Findings ... 35

4.1.1 The types of English sentences in reading passages on “MODUL” course book ... 36

4.1.1 The most dominant types of sentence used in reading passages on “MODUL” course book ... 40

4.2 Discussion ... 41

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESSTIONS 5.1 Conclusions ... 44

5.2 Suggestions ... 45

BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alexander.L.G. 1993. The Essential English Grammar. England: Longman Group UK Ltd

Altenberg, Evelyn P. and Robert M. Vago. 2010. English Grammar:

Understanding the Basics. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Ary, Donald, et al. 2009. Introduction to Research in Education, 8th edition. USA: Wadsworth Publishing.

Aulia, Nur. 2004. An Analysis on the type of sentence used in the main issues in

“Reform” Magazine. Unpublished Thesis of Muhammadiyah University of Malang.

Azar, B.S. 1999. Understanding and Using English Grammar. Third edition. New York. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Regent.

Bornstein, Diana D. 1997. An Introduction to Transformational Grammar. Queen of The City University of New York. Winthrop Publisher Inc. Cambridge Massachusetts.

Erawati, Eka, et al. 2006. MODUL BAHASA INGGRIS: Untuk Siswa Sekolah

Dasar/MI Kelas 6. Surabaya: Penerbit Graha Ilmu Mulia

Gay, L.R, et. al. 2003. Educational Research; Competencies for Analysis and

Applications. 7th edition. USA: Pearson Education Inc.

Greenbaum, Sidney and Gerald Nelson. 2002. An Introduction to English

Grammar: second edition. London: Longman.

Hornby, A.S. 1995. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary: Fifth Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.

(http://www.squidoo.com/sentence-patterns) as quoted on Monday, July 9, 2012

at 10:10 pm

Kurniawati, Indra. 2005. An Analysis of types sentence patterns on reading texts

of SMU textbook published by Grafindo Media Pratama. Unpublished

Thesis of Muhammadiyah University of Malang.

Langan, John. 2009. Exploring Writing: Sentences and Paragraphs. New York: Mc Graw-Hill.

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Nur Fadilah, Ustadza. 2008. English Sentence Type of Reading Text Book for

Junior High School Grade VII. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: UIN

Malang.

Purdiana, Nur. 2010. An Analysis on English sentence types of reading textbook

“Get along with English” for Junior High School. Unpublished Thesis of Muhammadiyah University of Malang.

Tuckman, Bruce W. 1999. Conducting Educational Research. 5th edition. USA. Harcourt brace & Company. Florida.

Verspoor, Marjolijn and Kim Sauter. 2000. English Sentence Analysis: An

Intoductionary Course. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing

Company.

Warriner, John. E. 2008a. Warriner’s handbook: first course: grammar, usage, mechanics, sentences. Teacher’s edition. USA: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Warriner, John. E. 2008b. Warriner’s handbook: second course: grammar,

usage, mechanics, sentences. Teacher’s edition. USA: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents background of the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, and definition of the key terms.

1.1Background of the Study

Nowadays, English has become an international language. English has been used by many countries in the world and in many aspects, such as economics, politics, health, technology, and education. English is also used in international events, such as seminar, public discussion, conference and treaty. It cannot be denied that English has an important role in the educational policy in Indonesia. The students of different kinds of school levels learn English. They start learning it from elementary school to university. English becomes one of the subjects of national examination for junior high schools and senior high schools. This indicates the importance of English in the educational system in Indonesia. So, mastering English as a foreign language is essential, especially in the present era of globalization.

Formally, the beginners learn English in the school. English course books become the media to help student learn English. By using this book, students can learn and read the book to get information and add their knowledge. Therefore, to

2

be able to comprehend the English formation, we cannot only concentrate on the vocabulary only, but we also have to know about using sentences. The people should understand and should handle on the structure of sentences to get and send the basic idea of the sentence (Houp and Pearsall, as quoted by Fadilah, 2008:1). Thus, study types of English sentences are very important to know the message of the sentence.

In addition, understanding English sentences also can achieve a very high degree of correctness and prevent misperception and miscommunication, especially on getting knowledge. We know that many of people in the world use their own style in producing English orally or written one. In fact, when people start writing an English sentence, they tend to make more mistakes than those who speak an English utterance since writing includes many aspects not only grammar, but also spelling and other technical problems.

When we express utterances into sentences, we have to understand how the words are arranged correctly and learn the patterns or types of sentences along with the characteristics and the uses. Sentence is a set of words expressing a statement, a question or command. Usually sentence contains a subject and a verb. In written English, a sentence begins with a capital letter and end with a full stop or an equivalent mark (Hornby, 1995: 1071). Sentence has two elements namely subject and predicate. Subject is a something which is said. And the predicate is used to say something about its subject while the position of the predicate is commonly after the subject.

3

Sentence has four type’s simple, complex, compound, and compound-complex sentence. The first type of sentence is simple sentence. A simple sentence is a sentence which has one subject and one predicate. Secondly, a compound sentence is a sentence that contains two or more simple sentence. The third type is complex sentence. A complex sentence is a sentence that contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. And the last type is compound-complex sentence, a sentence that has two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clause.

Meanwhile, beside has four type sentence also has four functions declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, and imperative sentence. A declarative sentence is a sentence which makes a statement, in positive or negative, it begins with a capital letter and end with a period. An interrogative sentence is a sentence that used to ask question, begins with capital letter and end with a question mark. An imperative sentence is a sentence which gives a command or makes a request. And a sentence that shows excitement or expresses strong feeling is called exclamatory sentence.

All of the types of English sentence have a big influence for English learners. Therefore, learning type of sentence will help them to solve their problems in learning English, especially for the beginners. By reading text in the course book which they get from school will help them learn English sentence while they are reading the text.

4

English sentence plays very important role in the reading text on course books for Elementary school. A reading text employs illustration word’s power to attract the attention. Sentence in reading text is presented to make clear the message based on the illustration. Therefore, people, especially students in Elementary School will easily recognize that the reading text has a sentence construction.

This study focuses on the type of English sentence of reading text of English course book for Elementary School Grade VI. The researcher uses reading text on “MODUL” course book (second semester) published by Graha Ilmu Mulia used by the sixth grade students of Elementary School in Kecamatan Banyuputih Situbondo as the data sources. Because, it an effort to complete learning sources in a process of English learning in Elementary school.

This study has relation to the previous researches on the same field. Nur (2004) focused her research on type of sentences used in the main issues in reform magazine. From the whole editions of reform magazine that were analyzed, she found that the whole data are used four types of sentence and the most dominant types of sentence is simple sentence.

Indra (2005) conducted the study on the type sentence patterns on reading texts of SMU textbook published by Grafindo Media Pratama. The finding showed that the English textbook published by Grafindo Media Pratama covers four types of sentence, and the most dominant types is complex sentence.

5

The last research was done by Diah (2010), she investigated on an analysis on English sentence types of reading textbook “Get along with English” for junior high school. She found that all the reading texts in reading textbook “Get along with English” for junior high school grade VII, mostly used the type of simple sentence.

Based on the reasons described previously, it is interesting to analyze the English structures on reading text on “MODUL” course book (second semester) for Elementary School of the Sixth Grade using the type of English sentence since knowing that people will be able to understand the message conveyed and also to know the idea of sentence especially in reading text.

1.2Statement of the Problems

Based on the background of the study above, the researcher intends to answer two questions as follows:

1. What are the types of the English sentences in reading text book on “MODUL” course book for Elementary School of the Sixth Grade?

2. What types of English sentence is mostly used in reading text book on “MODUL” course book for Elementary School of the Sixth Grade?

1.3Purpose of the Study

Concerning the problems mentioned above, this study is intended to identify:

6

1. The types of English sentences of reading text book on “MODUL” course book for Elementary School of the Sixth Grade.

2. The type of English sentence is mostly used in reading text book on “MODUL” course book for Elementary School of the sixth Grade.

1.4Significance of the Study

The result of the study has both theoretical and practical significance. The theoretical significance is that the result of the study will be a valuable input for both the teachers and the students in learning English.

Practically, this finding also hoped that it is able to enrich knowledge and give contribution and information for teacher in learning and teaching English, especially for the English teachers in elementary school. So, teacher can use this study as a basis in choosing the better course book for elementary school that is suitable for their students. Then, researcher also hopes that this study can be as a reference for further researchers who are interested in conducting the similar field.

1.5Scope and Limitation of the Study

To avoid the general explanation of this study being very broad, the researcher sets a scope that only focuses on analyzing the type of English sentences of Reading Texts on “MODUL” course book (second semester) published by Graha Ilmu Mulia used by the sixth grade students of Elementary School in Kecamatan Banyuputih Situbondo There are six reading texts in the

7

course book, and the researcher takes all the texts as data. The researcher does not analyze other things except what have been stated on the problems of study.

1.6Definition of the Key Terms

To avoid the ambiguity and misunderstanding or misinterpretation about the terms which are used in this study and also make this study be clear for the reader, the researcher would define the key terms used in this study.

The terms will be explained below:

Sentence : A set of words expressing a statement, a question or command, usually contains a subject and a verb and begins with a capital letter and with a full stop or an equivalent mark.

Text : The main written or printed part of a book or page and the written form of a speech, an article and any form of written material.

Course book : A book which is used by student as the reference of study. Reading Text : A text which is handled by students or teachers to help

their learning process.

Sentence Patterns : Rules that govern sentence building and the fundamentals of how those units of thought that we call sentences are constructed

be able to comprehend the English formation, we cannot only concentrate on the vocabulary only, but we also have to know about using sentences. The people should understand and should handle on the structure of sentences to get and send the basic idea of the sentence (Houp and Pearsall, as quoted by Fadilah, 2008:1). Thus, study types of English sentences are very important to know the message of the sentence.

In addition, understanding English sentences also can achieve a very high degree of correctness and prevent misperception and miscommunication, especially on getting knowledge. We know that many of people in the world use their own style in producing English orally or written one. In fact, when people start writing an English sentence, they tend to make more mistakes than those who speak an English utterance since writing includes many aspects not only grammar, but also spelling and other technical problems.

When we express utterances into sentences, we have to understand how the words are arranged correctly and learn the patterns or types of sentences along with the characteristics and the uses. Sentence is a set of words expressing a statement, a question or command. Usually sentence contains a subject and a verb. In written English, a sentence begins with a capital letter and end with a full stop or an equivalent mark (Hornby, 1995: 1071). Sentence has two elements namely subject and predicate. Subject is a something which is said. And the predicate is used to say something about its subject while the position of the predicate is commonly after the subject.

Sentence has four type’s simple, complex, compound, and compound-complex sentence. The first type of sentence is simple sentence. A simple sentence is a sentence which has one subject and one predicate. Secondly, a compound sentence is a sentence that contains two or more simple sentence. The third type is complex sentence. A complex sentence is a sentence that contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. And the last type is compound-complex sentence, a sentence that has two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clause.

Meanwhile, beside has four type sentence also has four functions declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, and imperative sentence. A declarative sentence is a sentence which makes a statement, in positive or negative, it begins with a capital letter and end with a period. An interrogative sentence is a sentence that used to ask question, begins with capital letter and end with a question mark. An imperative sentence is a sentence which gives a command or makes a request. And a sentence that shows excitement or expresses strong feeling is called exclamatory sentence.

All of the types of English sentence have a big influence for English learners. Therefore, learning type of sentence will help them to solve their problems in learning English, especially for the beginners. By reading text in the course book which they get from school will help them learn English sentence while they are reading the text.

English sentence plays very important role in the reading text on course books for Elementary school. A reading text employs illustration word’s power to attract the attention. Sentence in reading text is presented to make clear the message based on the illustration. Therefore, people, especially students in Elementary School will easily recognize that the reading text has a sentence construction.

This study focuses on the type of English sentence of reading text of English course book for Elementary School Grade VI. The researcher uses reading text on “MODUL” course book (second semester) published by Graha Ilmu Mulia used by the sixth grade students of Elementary School in Kecamatan Banyuputih Situbondo as the data sources. Because, it an effort to complete learning sources in a process of English learning in Elementary school.

This study has relation to the previous researches on the same field. Nur (2004) focused her research on type of sentences used in the main issues in reform magazine. From the whole editions of reform magazine that were analyzed, she found that the whole data are used four types of sentence and the most dominant types of sentence is simple sentence.

Indra (2005) conducted the study on the type sentence patterns on reading texts of SMU textbook published by Grafindo Media Pratama. The finding showed that the English textbook published by Grafindo Media Pratama covers four types of sentence, and the most dominant types is complex sentence.

The last research was done by Diah (2010), she investigated on an analysis on English sentence types of reading textbook “Get along with English” for junior high school. She found that all the reading texts in reading textbook “Get along with English” for junior high school grade VII, mostly used the type of simple sentence.

Based on the reasons described previously, it is interesting to analyze the English structures on reading text on “MODUL” course book (second semester) for Elementary School of the Sixth Grade using the type of English sentence since knowing that people will be able to understand the message conveyed and also to know the idea of sentence especially in reading text.

1.2Statement of the Problems

Based on the background of the study above, the researcher intends to answer two questions as follows:

1. What are the types of the English sentences in reading text book on “MODUL” course book for Elementary School of the Sixth Grade?

2. What types of English sentence is mostly used in reading text book on “MODUL” course book for Elementary School of the Sixth Grade?

1.3Purpose of the Study

Concerning the problems mentioned above, this study is intended to identify:

1. The types of English sentences of reading text book on “MODUL” course book for Elementary School of the Sixth Grade.

2. The type of English sentence is mostly used in reading text book on “MODUL” course book for Elementary School of the sixth Grade.

1.4Significance of the Study

The result of the study has both theoretical and practical significance. The theoretical significance is that the result of the study will be a valuable input for both the teachers and the students in learning English.

Practically, this finding also hoped that it is able to enrich knowledge and give contribution and information for teacher in learning and teaching English, especially for the English teachers in elementary school. So, teacher can use this study as a basis in choosing the better course book for elementary school that is suitable for their students. Then, researcher also hopes that this study can be as a reference for further researchers who are interested in conducting the similar field.

1.5Scope and Limitation of the Study

To avoid the general explanation of this study being very broad, the researcher sets a scope that only focuses on analyzing the type of English sentences of Reading Texts on “MODUL” course book (second semester) published by Graha Ilmu Mulia used by the sixth grade students of Elementary School in Kecamatan Banyuputih Situbondo There are six reading texts in the

course book, and the researcher takes all the texts as data. The researcher does not analyze other things except what have been stated on the problems of study.

1.6Definition of the Key Terms

To avoid the ambiguity and misunderstanding or misinterpretation about the terms which are used in this study and also make this study be clear for the reader, the researcher would define the key terms used in this study.

The terms will be explained below:

Sentence : A set of words expressing a statement, a question or command, usually contains a subject and a verb and begins with a capital letter and with a full stop or an equivalent mark.

Text : The main written or printed part of a book or page and the written form of a speech, an article and any form of written material.

Course book : A book which is used by student as the reference of study. Reading Text : A text which is handled by students or teachers to help

their learning process.

Sentence Patterns : Rules that govern sentence building and the fundamentals of how those units of thought that we call sentences are constructed