Uji Coba Program Pelatihan Optimasi Fungsi Working Memory pada Anak Mild Intellectual Disability.
ABSTRAK
Uji Coba Program Pelatihan Optimasi Fungsi Working Memory pada Anak Mild Intellectual
Disability.
Christina Oktavia Hasibuan
Anak dengan intellectual disability mudah melupakan informasi yang baru saja dilihat
atau dengar. Saat mendengar instruksi anak hanya menangkap sebagian bahkan sedikit informasi
dan kehilangan informasi yang lain. Saat mengerjakan tugas, anak kehilangan sebagian langkah
untuk mengerjakan tugas karena kehilangan informasi. Hal ini menyebabkan anak membutuhkan
pengulangan instruksi karena ia kehilangan jejak informasi yang sedang diolah. Kondisi ini
menyebabkan anak membutuhkan usaha yang lebih besar untuk dapat mencapai tingkatan normal
dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengujicoba program pelatihan yang telah di
rancang oleh Santi dan Rista yang disebut Padjadjaran Memory Rehearsal Application (PMRA).
PMRA dirancang untuk mengoptimasi fungsi working memory anak mild intellectual disability
dengan media komputer.
Materi program pelatihan PMRA disusun dan dikembangkan berdasarkan prinsip teori
Baddley (2006). Materi disusun menjadi 3 subtes yang melatih kemampuan verbal working
memory dan visuospasial working memory. Subtes verbal working memory terdiri dari deret angka
maju dan deret angka mundur, sedangkan subtes visuospasial working memory terdiri atas bentuk
geometri dasar. Program pelatihan bertujuan untuk mengoptimasi fungsi yang berperan dalam
proses berlangsungnya penerimaan informasi dalam working memory, yakni latihan untuk
memperkuat representasi penyimpanan (storage) dan pengulangan (rehearsal) terhadap informasi
yang baru diterima. Optimasi fungsi working memory ditandai dengan meningkatnya jumlah item
yang dapat diingat oleh anak dan penggunaan ruang mental anak.
Rancangan penelitian adalah quasi experiment dengan menggunakan single group
pretest-posttest design untuk melihat peningkatan optimasi fungsi working memory. Subjek dalam
penelitian ini adalah 2 orang anak mild intellectual disability dengan usia mental 6-7 tahun. Dari
hasil pengujian statistik dapat disimpulkan bahwa program pelatihan PMRA dapat mengoptimasi
fungsi verbal working memory dan visuospasial working memory pada anak mild intellectual
disability dengan usia mental 6-7 tahun.
Kata kunci: MID, program pelatihan PMRA, fungsi working memory.
ABSTRACT
Testing Function Optimization Training Program Working Memory in
Children Mild Intellectual Disability.
Children with intellectual disability is easy to forget the information that
had just seen or heard. When they heard the instruction the children just catch
some even a bit of information and other information were loss. When working on
a task, children lose some of the steps to perform the tasks, they loss of
information. This causes the child requires repeated instruction because they lost
track of the information that is being processed. This condition causes the child
requires a greater effort to reach normal levels of learning. This study aimed to
test a training program that has been designed by Santi and Rista called
Padjadjaran Memory Rehearsal Application (PMRA). PMRA is designed to
optimize the function of the working memory of children with mild intellectual
disability with computer media.
PMRA’s program material was conceived and developed on the basis of
working memory theory from Baddley (2006). The material was organized into
three subtests that coached verbal working memory and visuospatial working
memory. Subtest verbal working memory consists of a sequence of forward
numbers and backward numbers, while visuospatial working memory subtest
consists of basic geometric shapes. Training program’s aims to optimize the
function that contribute to process information in working memory, which
exercises to strenghen the representation of storage and rehearsal of the new
information received. Optimization of working memory function characterized by
the gaining numbers that can be remembered by the children and the child's
mental space usage.
The research design is a quasi experiment with using a single group
pretest-posttest design to see an increase of working memory optimization
functions. Subjects in this study were 2 children with mild intellectual disability
mental aged 6-7 years. From the statistical test results can be concluded that the
PMRA training program can optimize the function of verbal working memory and
visuospatial working memory in children with mild intellectual disability mental
aged 6-7 years.
Keywords: MID, PMRA training program, working memory functions.
Uji Coba Program Pelatihan Optimasi Fungsi Working Memory pada Anak Mild Intellectual
Disability.
Christina Oktavia Hasibuan
Anak dengan intellectual disability mudah melupakan informasi yang baru saja dilihat
atau dengar. Saat mendengar instruksi anak hanya menangkap sebagian bahkan sedikit informasi
dan kehilangan informasi yang lain. Saat mengerjakan tugas, anak kehilangan sebagian langkah
untuk mengerjakan tugas karena kehilangan informasi. Hal ini menyebabkan anak membutuhkan
pengulangan instruksi karena ia kehilangan jejak informasi yang sedang diolah. Kondisi ini
menyebabkan anak membutuhkan usaha yang lebih besar untuk dapat mencapai tingkatan normal
dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengujicoba program pelatihan yang telah di
rancang oleh Santi dan Rista yang disebut Padjadjaran Memory Rehearsal Application (PMRA).
PMRA dirancang untuk mengoptimasi fungsi working memory anak mild intellectual disability
dengan media komputer.
Materi program pelatihan PMRA disusun dan dikembangkan berdasarkan prinsip teori
Baddley (2006). Materi disusun menjadi 3 subtes yang melatih kemampuan verbal working
memory dan visuospasial working memory. Subtes verbal working memory terdiri dari deret angka
maju dan deret angka mundur, sedangkan subtes visuospasial working memory terdiri atas bentuk
geometri dasar. Program pelatihan bertujuan untuk mengoptimasi fungsi yang berperan dalam
proses berlangsungnya penerimaan informasi dalam working memory, yakni latihan untuk
memperkuat representasi penyimpanan (storage) dan pengulangan (rehearsal) terhadap informasi
yang baru diterima. Optimasi fungsi working memory ditandai dengan meningkatnya jumlah item
yang dapat diingat oleh anak dan penggunaan ruang mental anak.
Rancangan penelitian adalah quasi experiment dengan menggunakan single group
pretest-posttest design untuk melihat peningkatan optimasi fungsi working memory. Subjek dalam
penelitian ini adalah 2 orang anak mild intellectual disability dengan usia mental 6-7 tahun. Dari
hasil pengujian statistik dapat disimpulkan bahwa program pelatihan PMRA dapat mengoptimasi
fungsi verbal working memory dan visuospasial working memory pada anak mild intellectual
disability dengan usia mental 6-7 tahun.
Kata kunci: MID, program pelatihan PMRA, fungsi working memory.
ABSTRACT
Testing Function Optimization Training Program Working Memory in
Children Mild Intellectual Disability.
Children with intellectual disability is easy to forget the information that
had just seen or heard. When they heard the instruction the children just catch
some even a bit of information and other information were loss. When working on
a task, children lose some of the steps to perform the tasks, they loss of
information. This causes the child requires repeated instruction because they lost
track of the information that is being processed. This condition causes the child
requires a greater effort to reach normal levels of learning. This study aimed to
test a training program that has been designed by Santi and Rista called
Padjadjaran Memory Rehearsal Application (PMRA). PMRA is designed to
optimize the function of the working memory of children with mild intellectual
disability with computer media.
PMRA’s program material was conceived and developed on the basis of
working memory theory from Baddley (2006). The material was organized into
three subtests that coached verbal working memory and visuospatial working
memory. Subtest verbal working memory consists of a sequence of forward
numbers and backward numbers, while visuospatial working memory subtest
consists of basic geometric shapes. Training program’s aims to optimize the
function that contribute to process information in working memory, which
exercises to strenghen the representation of storage and rehearsal of the new
information received. Optimization of working memory function characterized by
the gaining numbers that can be remembered by the children and the child's
mental space usage.
The research design is a quasi experiment with using a single group
pretest-posttest design to see an increase of working memory optimization
functions. Subjects in this study were 2 children with mild intellectual disability
mental aged 6-7 years. From the statistical test results can be concluded that the
PMRA training program can optimize the function of verbal working memory and
visuospatial working memory in children with mild intellectual disability mental
aged 6-7 years.
Keywords: MID, PMRA training program, working memory functions.