AN ANALYSIS OF EVIDENCES USED IN THE ARGUMENTS DELIVERED BY THE CHARACTERS IN THE FILM ENTITLED “THE GREAT DEBATERS”.

AN ANALYSIS OF EVIDENCES USED IN THE ARGUMENTS
DELIVERED BY THE CHARACTERS IN THE FILM ENTITLED
“THE GREAT DEBATERS”

THESIS

ANIS KUMALASARI
K2211012

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2015

i

ii

AN ANALYSIS OF EVIDENCES USED IN THE ARGUMENTS
DELIVERED BY THE CHARACTERS IN THE FILM ENTITLED

“THE GREAT DEBATERS”

THESIS

ANIS KUMALASARI
K2211012

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2015

iii

iv

v

ABSTRACT

AnisKumalasari. K2211012. An Analysis Of Evidences Used In The
Arguments Delivered By The Characters In The Film Entitled“The Great
Debaters”. Thesis.English Department.Teacher Training and Education
Faculty.SebelasMaret University. Surakarta.

This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The researcher used the
film entitled “The Great Debaters” and its transcript as the source of the data in
order to collect the data of the research.
The aims of this study were to find out 1) the types of evidences used in the
arguments delivered by the characters in the film “The Great Debaters”; 2) how
the characters in the film “The Great Debaters” use evidence in their arguments.
To achieve the aims, the researcher analyzed the data by using 1) Johnson and
Huber & Robert B. theory of evidence types; 2) Baron’s theory of positive
evidence and negative evidence. The writer also uses the Toulmin theory of
argumentation formula as the guideline to describe how the evidences are
elaborated in the argument.
The findings of this study are 1) there are six types evidence used by the
character of the film entitled “The Great Debaters”, namely factual examples,
value, statistics, quotation, lay witness, and belief; 2) the characters in the film

“The Great Debaters’ mostly use the strategies of negative evidence which is used
to strengthen their rebuttal against the opponent or to broke the opponent’s
justification.
Keywords: debate, argument, evidence

vi

ABSTRAK

AnisKumalasari.

K2211012.

AnalisispadaBukti

yang

DigunakandalamArgumen yang DisampaikanolehKarakter-Karakterdalam
Film

yang

Berjudul

“The

Great

Debaters”.Skripsi.BahasaInggris.

FakultasKeguruandanIlmuPendidikan.UniversitasSebelasMaret. Surakarta.

Penelitianinimenggunakanmetodekualitatifdeskriptif.Penelitimenggunakan
film yang berjudul “The Great Debaters” besertatranskripnyasebagaisumber data
yang bertujuanuntukmengumpulkan data daripenelitianini.
Tujuanpenelitianiniadalahuntukmengetahui

1)

jenis-jenisbukti

yang

digunakandalamargumen yang disampaikanolehkarakter-karakter yang adadalam
film “The Great Debaters”; 2) bagaimanakarakter-karakterdalam film “The Great
Debaters”

tersebutmenggunakanbuktidalamargumennya.Untukmencapaitujuan-

tujuantersebut,

penelitimenganalisadata

jenisbuktioleh

Johnson

dan

denganmenggunakan

Huber

&

1)

teorijenis-

Robert

B;

2)

teoribuktipositifdanbuktinegatifoleh
Baron.PenulisjugamenggunakanteoriargumentasiolehToulminsebagaipanduanuntu
kmendeskripsikanbagaimanabukti-buktitersebutdiuraikan di dalam argument.
Hasildaripenelitianiniadalah

1)

terdapatenamjenisbukti

digunakanolehkarakter-karakterdalam

film

seperticontohnyata,

kutipan,

dankepercayaan;

nilai,
2)

statistic,

karakterdalam

lebihmenggunakanstrategibukti

film

“The

Great

kesaksian
“The

negative

yang
Debaters”,

orang

Great

awam,

Debaters”
yang

digunakanuntukmemperkuatsanggahannyaterhadaplawanatauuntukmenghancurka
nkebenarandarilawan.
Kata kunci: debat, argumen, bukti

vii

MOTTO

Have Patience. Allah does not deny the
rewards of the righteous.
― The Holy Qur’an 11:115

Acquire knowledge, and learn tranquility and
dignity.
― Umar ibn Al-Khattab

"상상하고꿈을꾸세요.
그럼자기가원하는대로세상이움직일것입니다."
Imagine and dream. Then the world will change to how you want it to be.

― 인피니트 남우현

viii

DEDICATION

I sincerely dedicated this thesis to:
1. My beloved father and mother for their infinite love, prayer, and support.
2. Our cool dad, Shin Jung Rakgwajangnimwho cannot stop nagging me to
finish this thesis.

항상논문빨리끝내 는잔소리를하신우리멋진아빠, 신정 과장님.

ix

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All praise is to Allah for His blessing to me that I can finish this thesis. I
also believe that this thesis cannot be finished without support and encouragement
from many people. I would like to express my greatest gratitude to everyone who
has given support to me in completing this thesis as mentioned below:
1. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of SebelasMaret
University.
2. The Head of English Department of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty for his permission to write this thesis.
3. Drs. A. DahlanRais, M.Hum, the first concultant, for all his guidance,
ideas, and patience in guiding me to make this thesis better.
4. Dewi Sri Wahyuni, S.Pd, M.Pd, the second consultant, for her kindness in
giving me advice and encouragement from the beginning to the
completion of this thesis.
5. All the lecturers, administrative staffs, and friends in English Department
of SebelasMaret University for the assistance during my study in English
Department.
6. My beloved mother and father, for their unlimited love, support, and
prayer.
x

7. Dream Team fellow members, Ani and Anggra; my roommate, Hida; and
my bestie, Ismi for their cheer and encouragement.
I realize that this thesis is far from being perfect, so I gratefully welcome
any comment and suggestion for betterment of this thesis. I hope this thesis will
give some knowledge for the reader and can contribute for further research in the
future.

Surakarta, October 2015

AnisKumalasari

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER ............................................................................................................... i
PRONOUNCEMENT ........................................................................................ ii
TITLE OF THE RESEARCH ............................................................................. iii
APPROVAL OF CONSULTANTS .................................................................... iv
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ........................................... v
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ vi
ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................... vii
MOTTO .............................................................................................................. viii
DEDICATION .................................................................................................... ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................. xii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................... xiv

xi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1
A. Background of the Study............................................................................... 1
B. Problem Limitation ...................................................................................... 3
C. Problem Statements ...................................................................................... 4
D. Objectives of the Study ................................................................................ 4
E. Benefits of the Study .................................................................................... 4

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW ......................................................... 5
A. Debate .......................................................................................................... 5
1. The Notion of Debate ............................................................................. 5
2. The Formats of Debate ........................................................................... 6
B. Argument ..................................................................................................... 8
1. The Notion of Argument ........................................................................ 8
2. Types of Argument ................................................................................ 9
3. The Toulmin Model of Argumentation.................................................. 12
C. Rebuttal ........................................................................................................ 14
1. The Notion of Rebuttal .......................................................................... 14
2. Types of Rebuttal................................................................................... 15
3. Reason of Giving Rebuttal .................................................................... 15
D. Evidence ...................................................................................................... 16
1. The Notion of Evidence ......................................................................... 16
2. Types of Evidence ................................................................................. 18
3. The Strategy of Using Evidence ............................................................ 19
E.

Film .............................................................................................................. 20
1. The Notion of Film ................................................................................ 21
2. Synopsis of “The Great Debaters”......................................................... 21

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................... 24
A. Type of Research ......................................................................................... 23

xii

B. Data and Source of Data .............................................................................. 23
C. Equipment of the Research .......................................................................... 24
D. Technique of Collecting Data ...................................................................... 24
E.

Technique of Coding Data ........................................................................... 25

F.

Technique of Analyzing Data ...................................................................... 27

G. Technique of Analyzing Data ...................................................................... 27

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ........................ 28
A. Introduction ................................................................................................. 28
B. Data Analysis ............................................................................................... 28
C. Discussion ................................................................................................... 69
1. The Types Of Evidence Used By The Debaters .................................... 69
2. The Use of Evidence in Debaters’ Argument ........................................ 73
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ....................................... 75
A. Conclusion .................................................................................................. 75
B. Implication .................................................................................................. 76
C. Suggestion ................................................................................................... 76
1. For EFL Teachers ................................................................................. 77
2. For Students .......................................................................................... 77
BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................. 88
APPENDICES ................................................................................................... 92

xiii

LIST OF APPENDICES
1. The debate script of “The Great Debaters” film
2. Research data of evidences

xiv