T JEP 1302461 Table of content
DAFTAR ISI
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah.................................................................................. 1
1.2 Rumusan dan Batasan Masalah ....................................................................... 3
1.2.1 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................... 3
1.2.2 Batasan Masalah ................................................................................. 4
1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................... 4
1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................ 4
1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian .............................................................................. 5
1.4 Sistematika Penulisan ..................................................................................... 5
BAB II KAJIAN TEORI ..................................................................................... 7
2.1 Pembelajaran Bahasa Jepang Saat Ini ............................................................ 7
2.2 Cooperative Learning .................................................................................... 8
2.2.1 Definisi Cooperative Learning ........................................................... 8
2.2.2 Ciri-ciri Cooperative Learning ........................................................... 8
2.2.3 Karakteristik Cooperative Learning ................................................... 10
2.2.4 Unsur-unsur Cooperative Learning .................................................... 11
2.2.5 Langkah-langkah dalam pembelajaran Cooperative
Learning ....................................................................................................... 12
2.2.6 Hasil Penelitian Terdahulu yang Telah Dilakukan
mengenai Cooperative Learning ........................................................ 14
2.3 Reciprocal Teaching ...................................................................................... 15
2.3.1 Definisi Reciprocal Teaching ............................................................. 15
2.3.2 Karakteristik Reciprocal Teaching ..................................................... 16
2.3.3 Tujuan Reciprocal Teaching............................................................... 20
2.3.4 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Reciprocal Teaching .............................. 21
2.3.5 Langkah-langkah Penerapan Reciprocal Teaching ............................ 22
Yanuar Lutfi Rohman, 2015
EFEKTIFITAS METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING TEKNIK RECIPROCAL TEACHING
DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAKUBUN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.3.6 Variasi Reciprocal Teaching .............................................................. 22
2.3.7 Hasil Penelitian Terdahulu yang Telah Dilakukan
Mengenai Reciprocal Teaching ......................................................... 24
2.4 Aplikasi Reciprocal Teaching dalam Pembelajaran Sakubun ........................ 25
2.5 Menulis/ Mengarang ....................................................................................... 27
2.6 Sakubun ........................................................................................................... 28
2.7 Pembelajaran Sakubun .................................................................................... 31
2.7.1 Sakubun bagi Pembelajar .................................................................... 31
2.7.2 Sakubun bagi Pengajar........................................................................ 31
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ...................................................................... 32
3.1 Metode Penelitian .......................................................................................... 32
3.2 Populasi dan Sampel ...................................................................................... 33
3.3 Rancangan Penelitian ..................................................................................... 34
3.4 Instrumen Penelitian ...................................................................................... 36
3.4.1 Tes....................................................................................................... 36
3.4.2 Angket................................................................................................. 37
3.5 Variabel Penelitian ......................................................................................... 39
3.6 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ............................................................................. 39
3.7 Teknik Pengolahan Data ................................................................................ 42
BAB IV ANALISIS DATA DAN PEMBAHASAN........................................... 47
4.1 Analisis Data .................................................................................................. 47
4.1.1 Pelaksanaan Penelitian .......................................................................... 47
4.2 Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa Sebelum dan Sesudah
Menggunakan Metode Cooperative Learning Teknik
Reciprocal Teaching ...................................................................................... 53
4.3 Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa Sebelum Menggunakan
Metode Cooperative Learning Teknik Reciprocal Teaching ........................ 56
Yanuar Lutfi Rohman, 2015
EFEKTIFITAS METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING TEKNIK RECIPROCAL TEACHING
DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAKUBUN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.4 Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa Setelah Menggunakan
Metode Cooperative Learning Teknik Reciprocal Teaching ........................ 57
4.5 Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa Sebelum dan Sesudah
Menggunakan Metode Drill/ Latihan ............................................................ 58
4.6 Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa Sebelum Menggunakan
Metode Drill/ Latihan .................................................................................... 61
4.7 Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa Setelah Menggunakan
Metode Drill/ Latihan .................................................................................... 62
4.8 Perhitungan Hasil Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa dengan
dan tanpa Metode Cooperative Learning Teknik Reciprocal
Teaching ......................................................................................................... 63
4.8.1 Uji Normalitas ....................................................................................... 63
4.8.1.1 Rekapitulasi Hasil Pre Test Kelas Eksperimen ........................ 64
4.8.1.2 Rekapitulasi Hasil Post Test Kelas Eksperimen ....................... 70
4.8.1.3 Rekapitulasi Hasil Pre Test Kelas Kontrol ............................... 76
4.8.1.4 Rekapitulasi Hasil Post Test Kelas Kontrol ............................. 82
4.8.2 Uji Homogenitas ................................................................................... 87
4.8.3 Gain Ternormalisasi.............................................................................. 90
4.8.4 Uji Hipotesis Data Post Test pada Kelas Eksperimen dan
Kelas Kontrol ........................................................................................ 95
4.9 Kualitas Proses Pembelajaran Sakubun dengan menggunakan
Metode Cooperative Learning teknik Reciprocal Teaching.......................... 96
4.10 Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian ........................................................................ 103
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN .................................................................... 107
5.1 Simpulan ........................................................................................................ 107
5.2 Saran .............................................................................................................. 109
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN
Yanuar Lutfi Rohman, 2015
EFEKTIFITAS METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING TEKNIK RECIPROCAL TEACHING
DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAKUBUN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 Desain Penelitian........................................................................................32
Tabel 3.2 Kisi-Kisi Angket ........................................................................................38
Tabel 3.3 Aspek Penilaian..........................................................................................42
Tabel 3.4 Skala Penilaian ...........................................................................................42
Tabel 4.1Skor Pre-test dan Post-test Kelas Eksperimen ...........................................54
Tabel 4.2 Aspek Penilaian..........................................................................................55
Tabel 4.3 Standar Penilaian........................................................................................55
Tabel 4.4 Skor Pre-test dan Post-test Kelas Kontrol .................................................59
Tabel 4.5 Aspek Penilaian..........................................................................................60
Tabel 4.6 Standar Penilaian........................................................................................60
Tabel 4.7 Rekapitulasi Hasil Pre test kelas eksperimen (x) .......................................64
Tabel 4.8 Distribusi Frekuensi ...................................................................................65
Tabel 4.9 Uji Normalitas Data Pre-test Kelas Eksperimen .......................................66
Tabel 4.10 Proporsi Kumulatif (pk) ..........................................................................67
Tabel 4.11 Harga Frekuensi .......................................................................................68
Tabel 4.12 Rekapitulasi Hasil Post test kelas eksperimen (x) ...................................70
Tabel 4.13 Distribusi Frekuensi .................................................................................71
Tabel 4.14 Uji Normalitas Data Post-test Kelas Eksperimen ...................................73
Tabel 4.15 Proporsi Kumulatif (pk) ..........................................................................74
Tabel 4.16 Harga Frekuensi .......................................................................................75
Yanuar Lutfi Rohman, 2015
EFEKTIFITAS METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING TEKNIK RECIPROCAL TEACHING
DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAKUBUN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Tabel 4.17 Rekapitulasi Hasil Pre test kelas kontrol (y)............................................76
Tabel 4.18 Distribusi Frekuensi .................................................................................77
Tabel 4.19 Uji Normalitas Data Pre-test Kelas Kontrol ............................................79
Tabel 4.20 Proporsi Kumulatif (pk) ..........................................................................80
Tabel 4.21 Harga Frekuensi .......................................................................................81
Tabel 4.22 Rekapitulasi Hasil Post test kelas kontrol (y) .........................................82
Tabel 4.23 Distribusi Frekuensi .................................................................................83
Tabel 4.24 Uji Normalitas Data Post-test Kelas Kontrol...........................................85
Tabel 4.25 Proporsi Kumulatif (pk) ..........................................................................86
Tabel 4.26 Harga Frekuensi .......................................................................................87
Tabel 4.27 Uji Homogenitas ......................................................................................88
Tabel 4.28 Perhitungan F Hitung Pre Test ................................................................90
Tabel 4.29 Perhitungan F Hitung Post Test ...............................................................90
Tabel 4.30 Kriteria Indeks Gain.................................................................................91
Tabel 4.31 Data Perhitungan Gain Ternormalisasi Kelas Eksperimen......................92
Tabel 4.32 Data Perhitungan Gain Ternormalisasi Kelas Kontrol ............................93
Tabel 4.33 Hasil Perhitungan Gain Ternormalisasi ...................................................94
Tabel 4.34 Hasil Akhir Gain Ternormalisasi .............................................................94
Tabel 4.35 Uji Hipotesis Data Post Test pada Kelas Eksperimen dan
Kelas Kontrol .............................................................................................................95
Yanuar Lutfi Rohman, 2015
EFEKTIFITAS METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING TEKNIK RECIPROCAL TEACHING
DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAKUBUN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Tabel 4.36 Jawaban Angket Nomor 1 ........................................................................96
Tabel 4.37 Jawaban Angket Nomor 2 ........................................................................97
Tabel 4.38 Jawaban Angket Nomor 3 ........................................................................97
Tabel 4.39 Jawaban Angket Nomor 4 ........................................................................98
Tabel 4.40 Jawaban Angket Nomor 5 ........................................................................99
Tabel 4.41 Jawaban Angket Nomor 6 ........................................................................99
Tabel 4.42 Jawaban Angket Nomor 7 ........................................................................100
Tabel 4.43 Jawaban Angket Nomor 8 ........................................................................100
Tabel 4.44 Jawaban Angket Nomor 9 ........................................................................101
Tabel 4.45 Jawaban Angket Nomor 10 ......................................................................102
Yanuar Lutfi Rohman, 2015
EFEKTIFITAS METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING TEKNIK RECIPROCAL TEACHING
DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAKUBUN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR DIAGRAM
Diagram 4.1 Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa sebelum
Menggunakan Metode Cooperative Learning Teknik
Reciprocal Teaching .............................................................................56
Diagram 4.2 Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa setelah
Menggunakan Metode Cooperative Learning Teknik
Reciprocal Teaching .............................................................................57
Diagram 4.3 Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa sebelum
Menggunakan Metode Drill/Latihan ....................................................61
Diagram 4.4 Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa setelah
Menggunakan Metode Drill/Latihan ....................................................62
Diagram 4.5 Gain Ternormalisasi ..............................................................................94
Yanuar Lutfi Rohman, 2015
EFEKTIFITAS METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING TEKNIK RECIPROCAL TEACHING
DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAKUBUN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah.................................................................................. 1
1.2 Rumusan dan Batasan Masalah ....................................................................... 3
1.2.1 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................... 3
1.2.2 Batasan Masalah ................................................................................. 4
1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................... 4
1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................ 4
1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian .............................................................................. 5
1.4 Sistematika Penulisan ..................................................................................... 5
BAB II KAJIAN TEORI ..................................................................................... 7
2.1 Pembelajaran Bahasa Jepang Saat Ini ............................................................ 7
2.2 Cooperative Learning .................................................................................... 8
2.2.1 Definisi Cooperative Learning ........................................................... 8
2.2.2 Ciri-ciri Cooperative Learning ........................................................... 8
2.2.3 Karakteristik Cooperative Learning ................................................... 10
2.2.4 Unsur-unsur Cooperative Learning .................................................... 11
2.2.5 Langkah-langkah dalam pembelajaran Cooperative
Learning ....................................................................................................... 12
2.2.6 Hasil Penelitian Terdahulu yang Telah Dilakukan
mengenai Cooperative Learning ........................................................ 14
2.3 Reciprocal Teaching ...................................................................................... 15
2.3.1 Definisi Reciprocal Teaching ............................................................. 15
2.3.2 Karakteristik Reciprocal Teaching ..................................................... 16
2.3.3 Tujuan Reciprocal Teaching............................................................... 20
2.3.4 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Reciprocal Teaching .............................. 21
2.3.5 Langkah-langkah Penerapan Reciprocal Teaching ............................ 22
Yanuar Lutfi Rohman, 2015
EFEKTIFITAS METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING TEKNIK RECIPROCAL TEACHING
DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAKUBUN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.3.6 Variasi Reciprocal Teaching .............................................................. 22
2.3.7 Hasil Penelitian Terdahulu yang Telah Dilakukan
Mengenai Reciprocal Teaching ......................................................... 24
2.4 Aplikasi Reciprocal Teaching dalam Pembelajaran Sakubun ........................ 25
2.5 Menulis/ Mengarang ....................................................................................... 27
2.6 Sakubun ........................................................................................................... 28
2.7 Pembelajaran Sakubun .................................................................................... 31
2.7.1 Sakubun bagi Pembelajar .................................................................... 31
2.7.2 Sakubun bagi Pengajar........................................................................ 31
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ...................................................................... 32
3.1 Metode Penelitian .......................................................................................... 32
3.2 Populasi dan Sampel ...................................................................................... 33
3.3 Rancangan Penelitian ..................................................................................... 34
3.4 Instrumen Penelitian ...................................................................................... 36
3.4.1 Tes....................................................................................................... 36
3.4.2 Angket................................................................................................. 37
3.5 Variabel Penelitian ......................................................................................... 39
3.6 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ............................................................................. 39
3.7 Teknik Pengolahan Data ................................................................................ 42
BAB IV ANALISIS DATA DAN PEMBAHASAN........................................... 47
4.1 Analisis Data .................................................................................................. 47
4.1.1 Pelaksanaan Penelitian .......................................................................... 47
4.2 Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa Sebelum dan Sesudah
Menggunakan Metode Cooperative Learning Teknik
Reciprocal Teaching ...................................................................................... 53
4.3 Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa Sebelum Menggunakan
Metode Cooperative Learning Teknik Reciprocal Teaching ........................ 56
Yanuar Lutfi Rohman, 2015
EFEKTIFITAS METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING TEKNIK RECIPROCAL TEACHING
DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAKUBUN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.4 Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa Setelah Menggunakan
Metode Cooperative Learning Teknik Reciprocal Teaching ........................ 57
4.5 Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa Sebelum dan Sesudah
Menggunakan Metode Drill/ Latihan ............................................................ 58
4.6 Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa Sebelum Menggunakan
Metode Drill/ Latihan .................................................................................... 61
4.7 Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa Setelah Menggunakan
Metode Drill/ Latihan .................................................................................... 62
4.8 Perhitungan Hasil Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa dengan
dan tanpa Metode Cooperative Learning Teknik Reciprocal
Teaching ......................................................................................................... 63
4.8.1 Uji Normalitas ....................................................................................... 63
4.8.1.1 Rekapitulasi Hasil Pre Test Kelas Eksperimen ........................ 64
4.8.1.2 Rekapitulasi Hasil Post Test Kelas Eksperimen ....................... 70
4.8.1.3 Rekapitulasi Hasil Pre Test Kelas Kontrol ............................... 76
4.8.1.4 Rekapitulasi Hasil Post Test Kelas Kontrol ............................. 82
4.8.2 Uji Homogenitas ................................................................................... 87
4.8.3 Gain Ternormalisasi.............................................................................. 90
4.8.4 Uji Hipotesis Data Post Test pada Kelas Eksperimen dan
Kelas Kontrol ........................................................................................ 95
4.9 Kualitas Proses Pembelajaran Sakubun dengan menggunakan
Metode Cooperative Learning teknik Reciprocal Teaching.......................... 96
4.10 Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian ........................................................................ 103
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN .................................................................... 107
5.1 Simpulan ........................................................................................................ 107
5.2 Saran .............................................................................................................. 109
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN
Yanuar Lutfi Rohman, 2015
EFEKTIFITAS METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING TEKNIK RECIPROCAL TEACHING
DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAKUBUN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 Desain Penelitian........................................................................................32
Tabel 3.2 Kisi-Kisi Angket ........................................................................................38
Tabel 3.3 Aspek Penilaian..........................................................................................42
Tabel 3.4 Skala Penilaian ...........................................................................................42
Tabel 4.1Skor Pre-test dan Post-test Kelas Eksperimen ...........................................54
Tabel 4.2 Aspek Penilaian..........................................................................................55
Tabel 4.3 Standar Penilaian........................................................................................55
Tabel 4.4 Skor Pre-test dan Post-test Kelas Kontrol .................................................59
Tabel 4.5 Aspek Penilaian..........................................................................................60
Tabel 4.6 Standar Penilaian........................................................................................60
Tabel 4.7 Rekapitulasi Hasil Pre test kelas eksperimen (x) .......................................64
Tabel 4.8 Distribusi Frekuensi ...................................................................................65
Tabel 4.9 Uji Normalitas Data Pre-test Kelas Eksperimen .......................................66
Tabel 4.10 Proporsi Kumulatif (pk) ..........................................................................67
Tabel 4.11 Harga Frekuensi .......................................................................................68
Tabel 4.12 Rekapitulasi Hasil Post test kelas eksperimen (x) ...................................70
Tabel 4.13 Distribusi Frekuensi .................................................................................71
Tabel 4.14 Uji Normalitas Data Post-test Kelas Eksperimen ...................................73
Tabel 4.15 Proporsi Kumulatif (pk) ..........................................................................74
Tabel 4.16 Harga Frekuensi .......................................................................................75
Yanuar Lutfi Rohman, 2015
EFEKTIFITAS METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING TEKNIK RECIPROCAL TEACHING
DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAKUBUN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Tabel 4.17 Rekapitulasi Hasil Pre test kelas kontrol (y)............................................76
Tabel 4.18 Distribusi Frekuensi .................................................................................77
Tabel 4.19 Uji Normalitas Data Pre-test Kelas Kontrol ............................................79
Tabel 4.20 Proporsi Kumulatif (pk) ..........................................................................80
Tabel 4.21 Harga Frekuensi .......................................................................................81
Tabel 4.22 Rekapitulasi Hasil Post test kelas kontrol (y) .........................................82
Tabel 4.23 Distribusi Frekuensi .................................................................................83
Tabel 4.24 Uji Normalitas Data Post-test Kelas Kontrol...........................................85
Tabel 4.25 Proporsi Kumulatif (pk) ..........................................................................86
Tabel 4.26 Harga Frekuensi .......................................................................................87
Tabel 4.27 Uji Homogenitas ......................................................................................88
Tabel 4.28 Perhitungan F Hitung Pre Test ................................................................90
Tabel 4.29 Perhitungan F Hitung Post Test ...............................................................90
Tabel 4.30 Kriteria Indeks Gain.................................................................................91
Tabel 4.31 Data Perhitungan Gain Ternormalisasi Kelas Eksperimen......................92
Tabel 4.32 Data Perhitungan Gain Ternormalisasi Kelas Kontrol ............................93
Tabel 4.33 Hasil Perhitungan Gain Ternormalisasi ...................................................94
Tabel 4.34 Hasil Akhir Gain Ternormalisasi .............................................................94
Tabel 4.35 Uji Hipotesis Data Post Test pada Kelas Eksperimen dan
Kelas Kontrol .............................................................................................................95
Yanuar Lutfi Rohman, 2015
EFEKTIFITAS METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING TEKNIK RECIPROCAL TEACHING
DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAKUBUN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Tabel 4.36 Jawaban Angket Nomor 1 ........................................................................96
Tabel 4.37 Jawaban Angket Nomor 2 ........................................................................97
Tabel 4.38 Jawaban Angket Nomor 3 ........................................................................97
Tabel 4.39 Jawaban Angket Nomor 4 ........................................................................98
Tabel 4.40 Jawaban Angket Nomor 5 ........................................................................99
Tabel 4.41 Jawaban Angket Nomor 6 ........................................................................99
Tabel 4.42 Jawaban Angket Nomor 7 ........................................................................100
Tabel 4.43 Jawaban Angket Nomor 8 ........................................................................100
Tabel 4.44 Jawaban Angket Nomor 9 ........................................................................101
Tabel 4.45 Jawaban Angket Nomor 10 ......................................................................102
Yanuar Lutfi Rohman, 2015
EFEKTIFITAS METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING TEKNIK RECIPROCAL TEACHING
DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAKUBUN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR DIAGRAM
Diagram 4.1 Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa sebelum
Menggunakan Metode Cooperative Learning Teknik
Reciprocal Teaching .............................................................................56
Diagram 4.2 Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa setelah
Menggunakan Metode Cooperative Learning Teknik
Reciprocal Teaching .............................................................................57
Diagram 4.3 Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa sebelum
Menggunakan Metode Drill/Latihan ....................................................61
Diagram 4.4 Kemampuan Mengarang Mahasiswa setelah
Menggunakan Metode Drill/Latihan ....................................................62
Diagram 4.5 Gain Ternormalisasi ..............................................................................94
Yanuar Lutfi Rohman, 2015
EFEKTIFITAS METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING TEKNIK RECIPROCAL TEACHING
DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAKUBUN
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu