Nilai High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Terhadap Mortalitas 90 Hari Pada Pasien Gagal Jantung
35
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Mann D, Chakinala M. Heart failure: Pathopysiology and diagnosis. In
Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J.
Harrison’s Principle of Internal Medicine. 19th Ed. Mc Graw Hill Education.
2015. p.1500-1506
2. Yancy Clyde W, Jessup Mariell, Bozkurt Biykem, Drazner MH, Fonarow
GC, Geraci SA,et al. ACCF/AHA 2013 Guideline for the Management of
Heart Failure, A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American
Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines .Circulation.
2013;128:e240-e327.
3. Roger Veronique L. Epidemiology of Heart Failure. Circ Res. 2013;113:646-659
4. Siswanto Bambang B, Hersunarti Nani, Erwinanto, Barack R, Pratikto RS,
Nauli SE, Lubis AC. Pedoman tatalaksana gagal jantung, Perhimpunan
Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia. 2015, edisi pertama; 1
5. Rouf Rossane. Heart Failure. The John Hopkins Internal Medicine and Board
review. 4th ed. Chapter 6 : 49-54
6. Kementrian kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Situasi kesehatan jantung.
http://www.depkes.go.id/article/view/15021800003/situasi-kesehatanjantung.html (diakses 20 Januari 2015).
7. Tendera M. Epidemiology, treatment, and guidelines for the treatment of heart
failure in Europe. European Heart Journal Supplements 2005: 7 (Supplement
J), J5–J9
8. Greene S, Fonarow G, Vaduganathan M, Khan S, Butler J, Gheorgidae M.
The vulnerable phase after hospitalization for heart failure. Nature reviews
cardiology 2015; 14:1-10
9. Cámara A, Vales J, Tapia P, Esteban E, Fernández S, Sandubete E, et al.
Role of biological and non biological factors in congestive heart failure
mortality: PREDICE-SCORE: A clinical prediction rule. Cardiology Journal
2012, 19, 578–585
10. Chatterjee K. Neurohormonal activation in congestive heart failure and the
role of vasopressin. Am J Cardiol 2005;95(suppl):8B-13B
11. Levine B, Kalman J, Mayer L, Fillit H.M, Packer M; Elevated circulating
levels of tumor necrosis factor in severe heart failure. N Engl J Med. 323
1990:236-241
12. Gullestad L, Ueland T, Vinge LE, Vincent A, Yndestat A, Aukurst P.
Inflammatory cytokines in heart failure : mediators and marker. Cardiology
2012;122:23–35
13. Clearfield MB. C-Reactive Protein : A New risk assessment tool for
cardiovascular disease. JAOA. 2005 ; 105 : 409-416
14. Gottdiener John S, Polak Joseph F, Arnold AM, Aurigemma GP, Tracy RP,
et al. Predictors of Congestive Heart Failure in the Elderly: The
Cardiovascular Health Study J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35:1628–37
15. Anand Inder S, Latini Roberto, Florea VG, Kuskowski MA, Rector T,
Masson S, et al. C-Reactive Protein in Heart Failure Prognostic Value and the
Effect of Valsartan. Circulation. 2005; 112:1428-1434
Universitas Sumatera Utara
36
16. Huang WP, Yin WH, Jn HL, Chiang MC, Feng AN, Young MS. C-reactive
protein levels in chronic congestive heart failure. Acta Cardioll Sin.
2004;20:7-14
17. Panggabean M. Gagal Jantung. Dalam : Setiati S, Alwi I, Sudoyo, Syam AF,
AW, Simadibrata M, Setyohadi B. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. PDUI
2014. Edisi VI, BAB 18. Interna Publishing. hal 1132-35
18. Vikramsyah R, Lilly M. Pathophysiology of Heart Disease : A Collaborative
Project of Medical Students and Faculty. 4th ed. Baltimore-Philadelpia.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 225-245.
19. Black Steven, Kushner Irving, Samols David. C-Reactive Protein. The
Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2004; 279:48487-90
20. Aguiar FJ, Junior MF, Sales MM, Cruz-Neto LM, Foncesa LA, Sumita NM,et
al. C-reactive protein : clinical applications and proposals for a rational use.
REV ASSOC MED BRAS. 2013;59(1):85-92
21. Shrivastava AK, Singh HV, Razaida A, Singh SK. C-reactive protein,
inflammation and coronary heart disease. The Egyptian Heart Journal.
2015;67:89-97
22. Epaminondas Zakynthinos, Nikolitsa Pappa. Inflammatory biomarkers in
coronary artery disease. Journal of Cardiology. 2009; 53: 317-33
23. John Danesh and Mark B. Pepys. C-Reactive Protein and Coronary Disease:
Is There a Causal Link? Circulation. 2009; 120: 2036-39
24. Eleni S. Nakou, Evangelos N. Liberopoulos et al. The Role of C-Reactive
Protein in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: An Overview. Current
Vascular Pharmacology. 2008; 6: 258-70
25. Oikonomou Evangelos, Tousoulis Dimitris, Siasos G, Zaromitidou M,
Papavasiliou AG, Stefandis C. The role of inflammation in heart failure: New
therapeutic approaches. Hellenic J Cardiol 2011;52:30-40
26. Huang WP, Yin WH, Jen HL, Ching MC, Feng AN, Young MS. C-reactive
protein levels in chronic congestive heart failure. Acta Cardioll Sin
2004;20:7-14
27. Seta Y, Shan K, Bozkurt B, Oral H, Mann DL. Basic mechanisms in heart
failure: the cytokine hypothesis. J Card Fail. 1996;2:243–249
28. Galal Haitham, Awad Omar, Samir A, Selim R. Prognostic value of plasma
levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein in chronic systolic heart failure of
ischemic origin. Heart mirror J. 2013;7(2); 123-128
29. Yin WH, Chen JW, Jen HL, Chiang MC, Huang WP, Feng AN, Young MS et
al. Independent prognostic value of elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive
protein in chronic heart failure. Am Heart J 2004; 147(5):931-8.
30. ozda
, rta , Kiliç T, Acar E, Agir A, Sahin T, et al. Elevated level of
high-sensitivity C-reactive protein is important in determining prognosis in
chronic heart failure. Med Sci Monit 2010; 16(3):CR156-61
31. Alonso Martínez JL, Llorente Diez B, Echegaray Agara M, Preciado O,
Echezaretta MU, Arencibia G. C-reactive protein as a predictor of improvement
and readmission in heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2002; 4(3):331-6
32. Maisel A, Xue Y, Shah K, Mueller C, Nowark R, Peacock W,et al. Increased
90-Day Mortality in Patients With Acute Heart Failure With Elevated
Copeptin Secondary Results From the Biomarkers in Acute Heart Failure
(BACH) Study. Circ Heart Fail. 2011;4:613-620
Universitas Sumatera Utara
37
33. Roger VL, Weston SA, Redfield MM, Homan J, Killian J, Yawn B et al.
Trends in heart failure incidence and survival in a community-based
population. JAMA. 2004; 292: 344–50.
34. Loehr LR, Rosamond WD, Chang PP, Folsom A, Chambless L. Heart failure
incidence and survival (from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study).
Am J Cardiol. 2008;101:1016–22.
35. Bueno H, Ross JS, Wang Y, Chen J, Vidan M, Normand SL et al. Trends in
length of stay and short-term out- comes among Medicare patients
hospitalized for heart failure, 1993–2006. JAMA. 2010;303:2141–7.
36. Chugh S, Reinier K, Teodorescu C, Evanado A, Kehr E, Al Samara M et al.
Epidemiology of sudden cardiac death: clinical and research implications.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2008;51:213–228.
37. Lloyd-Jones D, Brown TM, Carnethon M, Dai S, De Simone G, Ferguson TB
et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics 2010 update: a report from the
American Heart Association. Circulation 2010;121:e46–e215.
38. Ho K, Pnsky J, Kanel W, Levy D. The epidemiology of heart failure: The
Framingham Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22(4s1):A6-A13
39. Goldberg RJ, Ciampa J, Lessard D, Meyer TE, Spencer FA. Long-term
survival after heart failure: a contemporary population-based perspective.
Arch Intern Med 2007;167:490–496
40. Dharmarajan K, Hasieh A, Lin Z, Bueno H, Ross J, Horwitz L et al.
Diagnoses and timing of 30-day readmissions after hospitalization for heart
failure, acute myocardial infarction, or pneumonia. JAMA 2013;309:355–363.
41. Desai, A. S. & Stevenson, L. W. Rehospitalization for heart failure: predict or
prevent? Circulation 126, 501–506 (2012).
42. Chun, S. Tu J, Wijeysundera H, Austin P, Wang S, Levy D. et al. Lifetime
analysis of hospitalizations and survival of patients newly admitted with heart
failure. Circ. Heart Fail 2012; 5: 414–421
43. Gheorghiade M, Pang P, Ambrosy A, Lan G, Schmidt P, Fillipato G et al. A
comprehensive, longitudinal description of the in-hospital and post-discharge
clinical, laboratory, and neurohormonal course of patients with heart failure
who die or are re-hospitalized within 90 days: analysis from the EVEREST
trial. Heart Fail. Rev 2012; 17, 485–509.
44. Zile, MR, Cho YK, Adamson PB, Aaron MF, Aranda JM Jr, Abraham WT et
al. Transition from chronic compensated to acute decompensated heart
failure: pathophysiological insights obtained from continuous monitoring of
intracardiac pressures. Circulation 2008;118, 1433–1441.
45. Adamson PB, Magalski A, Braunscweight F, Bohm M, Reynolds D, Steinhasu D
et al. Ongoing right ventricular hemodynamics in heart failure: clinical value of
measurements derived from an implantable monitoring system. J. Am. Coll.
Cardiol. 2003;41, 565–571.
46. Henkel DM, Redfield MM, Weston SA, Gerber Y, Roger VL. Death in heart
failure: a community perspective. Circ Heart Fail. 2008;1:91–97.
47. Velavan P, Khan NK, Goode K, Rigby AS, Loh PH, Komajda M et al.
Predictors of short term mortality in heart failure - insights from the Euro
Heart Failure survey. International Journal of Cardiology 2010; 138: 63–69
48. North B, Sinclair D. The intersection between aging and cardiovascular
disease. Circ Res. 2012;110:1097-1108.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
38
49. Lakatta E, Levy D. Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in
cardiovascular disease enterprises, part I: aging arteries: a “set up” for
vascular disease. Circulation. 2003;107:139 –146.
50. Strait J, Lakatta E. Aging associated cardiovascular changes and their relation
to heart failure. Heart Fail Clin. 2012; 8(1): 143–164
51. Gustafsson F, Pedersen C, Seibæk M, Burchardt H, Kober L for the
DIAMOND study group. Effect of age on short and long-term mortality in
patients admitted to hospital with congestive heart failure. European Heart
Journal 2004; 25, 1711–17
52. Suwaidi J, Asaad N, Al-Qahtani A, El-Menyar A, Al-Mulla A, Singh R et al.
Effect of Age on Outcome on Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure: From
a 20-Year Registry in a Middle-Eastern Country (1991–2010). Congest Heart
Fail. 2012;18:320–326
53. Martínez-Sellés M, García Robles JA, Prieto L, Frades E, Munoz R, Castro
OD, et al. Hospitalized Congestive Heart Failure Patients with Preserved
versus Abnormal Left Ventricular Systolic Function. Rev Esp Cardiol, 2002;
55: 579–586
54. Lee DS, Austin PC, Rouleau JL, Liu PP, Naimark D, Tu JV. Predicting
mortality among patients hospitalized for heart failure: derivation and
validation of clinical model. JAMA, 2003; 290: 2581–2587.
55. Hillege HL, Nitsch D, Pfeffer M, Swedberg K, McMurray JJ, Yusuf S, et al.
Candesartan in Heart Failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and
Morbidity (CHARM) Investigators. Renal function as a predictor of outcomes
in a broad spectrum of patients with heart failure. Circu- lation, 2006; 113:
671–678.
56. Brophy JM, Dagenais GR, McSherry F, Williford W, Yusuf SA. A
multivariate model for predicting mortality in patients with heart failure and
systolic dysfunction. Am J Med, 2004; 116: 300–304.
57. Kalogeropoulos AP, Tang WHW, Hsu A, Felker GM, hernandez AF,
Troughton RW, et al. High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein in Acute Heart
Failure: Insights From the ASCEND-HF Trial. Journal of Cardiac
failure,2014;20(5):1-8
58. Windram JD, Loh PH, Rigby AS, Hanning I, Clarck A, Cleland JG.
Relationship of hight-sensitivity C-reactive protein to prognosis and other
prognostic markers in outpatients with heart failure. American heart journal,
2007;153(6): 1048-1055
59. Kozdag G, Ertas G, Kilic T, Acar E, Agir A, Sahin T, et al. Elevated level of
high-sensitivity C-reactive protein is important in determining prognosis in
chronic heart failure. Med Sci Monit,2010; 16(3) :156-161
60. Zhu L, Zou Y, Wang Y, Luo X, Sun K, Wang H, et al. Prognostik
signicnificance of plasma High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein in patients with
hyperthropic cardiomyopathy. Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6: e004529
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Mann D, Chakinala M. Heart failure: Pathopysiology and diagnosis. In
Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J.
Harrison’s Principle of Internal Medicine. 19th Ed. Mc Graw Hill Education.
2015. p.1500-1506
2. Yancy Clyde W, Jessup Mariell, Bozkurt Biykem, Drazner MH, Fonarow
GC, Geraci SA,et al. ACCF/AHA 2013 Guideline for the Management of
Heart Failure, A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American
Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines .Circulation.
2013;128:e240-e327.
3. Roger Veronique L. Epidemiology of Heart Failure. Circ Res. 2013;113:646-659
4. Siswanto Bambang B, Hersunarti Nani, Erwinanto, Barack R, Pratikto RS,
Nauli SE, Lubis AC. Pedoman tatalaksana gagal jantung, Perhimpunan
Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia. 2015, edisi pertama; 1
5. Rouf Rossane. Heart Failure. The John Hopkins Internal Medicine and Board
review. 4th ed. Chapter 6 : 49-54
6. Kementrian kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Situasi kesehatan jantung.
http://www.depkes.go.id/article/view/15021800003/situasi-kesehatanjantung.html (diakses 20 Januari 2015).
7. Tendera M. Epidemiology, treatment, and guidelines for the treatment of heart
failure in Europe. European Heart Journal Supplements 2005: 7 (Supplement
J), J5–J9
8. Greene S, Fonarow G, Vaduganathan M, Khan S, Butler J, Gheorgidae M.
The vulnerable phase after hospitalization for heart failure. Nature reviews
cardiology 2015; 14:1-10
9. Cámara A, Vales J, Tapia P, Esteban E, Fernández S, Sandubete E, et al.
Role of biological and non biological factors in congestive heart failure
mortality: PREDICE-SCORE: A clinical prediction rule. Cardiology Journal
2012, 19, 578–585
10. Chatterjee K. Neurohormonal activation in congestive heart failure and the
role of vasopressin. Am J Cardiol 2005;95(suppl):8B-13B
11. Levine B, Kalman J, Mayer L, Fillit H.M, Packer M; Elevated circulating
levels of tumor necrosis factor in severe heart failure. N Engl J Med. 323
1990:236-241
12. Gullestad L, Ueland T, Vinge LE, Vincent A, Yndestat A, Aukurst P.
Inflammatory cytokines in heart failure : mediators and marker. Cardiology
2012;122:23–35
13. Clearfield MB. C-Reactive Protein : A New risk assessment tool for
cardiovascular disease. JAOA. 2005 ; 105 : 409-416
14. Gottdiener John S, Polak Joseph F, Arnold AM, Aurigemma GP, Tracy RP,
et al. Predictors of Congestive Heart Failure in the Elderly: The
Cardiovascular Health Study J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35:1628–37
15. Anand Inder S, Latini Roberto, Florea VG, Kuskowski MA, Rector T,
Masson S, et al. C-Reactive Protein in Heart Failure Prognostic Value and the
Effect of Valsartan. Circulation. 2005; 112:1428-1434
Universitas Sumatera Utara
36
16. Huang WP, Yin WH, Jn HL, Chiang MC, Feng AN, Young MS. C-reactive
protein levels in chronic congestive heart failure. Acta Cardioll Sin.
2004;20:7-14
17. Panggabean M. Gagal Jantung. Dalam : Setiati S, Alwi I, Sudoyo, Syam AF,
AW, Simadibrata M, Setyohadi B. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. PDUI
2014. Edisi VI, BAB 18. Interna Publishing. hal 1132-35
18. Vikramsyah R, Lilly M. Pathophysiology of Heart Disease : A Collaborative
Project of Medical Students and Faculty. 4th ed. Baltimore-Philadelpia.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 225-245.
19. Black Steven, Kushner Irving, Samols David. C-Reactive Protein. The
Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2004; 279:48487-90
20. Aguiar FJ, Junior MF, Sales MM, Cruz-Neto LM, Foncesa LA, Sumita NM,et
al. C-reactive protein : clinical applications and proposals for a rational use.
REV ASSOC MED BRAS. 2013;59(1):85-92
21. Shrivastava AK, Singh HV, Razaida A, Singh SK. C-reactive protein,
inflammation and coronary heart disease. The Egyptian Heart Journal.
2015;67:89-97
22. Epaminondas Zakynthinos, Nikolitsa Pappa. Inflammatory biomarkers in
coronary artery disease. Journal of Cardiology. 2009; 53: 317-33
23. John Danesh and Mark B. Pepys. C-Reactive Protein and Coronary Disease:
Is There a Causal Link? Circulation. 2009; 120: 2036-39
24. Eleni S. Nakou, Evangelos N. Liberopoulos et al. The Role of C-Reactive
Protein in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: An Overview. Current
Vascular Pharmacology. 2008; 6: 258-70
25. Oikonomou Evangelos, Tousoulis Dimitris, Siasos G, Zaromitidou M,
Papavasiliou AG, Stefandis C. The role of inflammation in heart failure: New
therapeutic approaches. Hellenic J Cardiol 2011;52:30-40
26. Huang WP, Yin WH, Jen HL, Ching MC, Feng AN, Young MS. C-reactive
protein levels in chronic congestive heart failure. Acta Cardioll Sin
2004;20:7-14
27. Seta Y, Shan K, Bozkurt B, Oral H, Mann DL. Basic mechanisms in heart
failure: the cytokine hypothesis. J Card Fail. 1996;2:243–249
28. Galal Haitham, Awad Omar, Samir A, Selim R. Prognostic value of plasma
levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein in chronic systolic heart failure of
ischemic origin. Heart mirror J. 2013;7(2); 123-128
29. Yin WH, Chen JW, Jen HL, Chiang MC, Huang WP, Feng AN, Young MS et
al. Independent prognostic value of elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive
protein in chronic heart failure. Am Heart J 2004; 147(5):931-8.
30. ozda
, rta , Kiliç T, Acar E, Agir A, Sahin T, et al. Elevated level of
high-sensitivity C-reactive protein is important in determining prognosis in
chronic heart failure. Med Sci Monit 2010; 16(3):CR156-61
31. Alonso Martínez JL, Llorente Diez B, Echegaray Agara M, Preciado O,
Echezaretta MU, Arencibia G. C-reactive protein as a predictor of improvement
and readmission in heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2002; 4(3):331-6
32. Maisel A, Xue Y, Shah K, Mueller C, Nowark R, Peacock W,et al. Increased
90-Day Mortality in Patients With Acute Heart Failure With Elevated
Copeptin Secondary Results From the Biomarkers in Acute Heart Failure
(BACH) Study. Circ Heart Fail. 2011;4:613-620
Universitas Sumatera Utara
37
33. Roger VL, Weston SA, Redfield MM, Homan J, Killian J, Yawn B et al.
Trends in heart failure incidence and survival in a community-based
population. JAMA. 2004; 292: 344–50.
34. Loehr LR, Rosamond WD, Chang PP, Folsom A, Chambless L. Heart failure
incidence and survival (from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study).
Am J Cardiol. 2008;101:1016–22.
35. Bueno H, Ross JS, Wang Y, Chen J, Vidan M, Normand SL et al. Trends in
length of stay and short-term out- comes among Medicare patients
hospitalized for heart failure, 1993–2006. JAMA. 2010;303:2141–7.
36. Chugh S, Reinier K, Teodorescu C, Evanado A, Kehr E, Al Samara M et al.
Epidemiology of sudden cardiac death: clinical and research implications.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2008;51:213–228.
37. Lloyd-Jones D, Brown TM, Carnethon M, Dai S, De Simone G, Ferguson TB
et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics 2010 update: a report from the
American Heart Association. Circulation 2010;121:e46–e215.
38. Ho K, Pnsky J, Kanel W, Levy D. The epidemiology of heart failure: The
Framingham Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22(4s1):A6-A13
39. Goldberg RJ, Ciampa J, Lessard D, Meyer TE, Spencer FA. Long-term
survival after heart failure: a contemporary population-based perspective.
Arch Intern Med 2007;167:490–496
40. Dharmarajan K, Hasieh A, Lin Z, Bueno H, Ross J, Horwitz L et al.
Diagnoses and timing of 30-day readmissions after hospitalization for heart
failure, acute myocardial infarction, or pneumonia. JAMA 2013;309:355–363.
41. Desai, A. S. & Stevenson, L. W. Rehospitalization for heart failure: predict or
prevent? Circulation 126, 501–506 (2012).
42. Chun, S. Tu J, Wijeysundera H, Austin P, Wang S, Levy D. et al. Lifetime
analysis of hospitalizations and survival of patients newly admitted with heart
failure. Circ. Heart Fail 2012; 5: 414–421
43. Gheorghiade M, Pang P, Ambrosy A, Lan G, Schmidt P, Fillipato G et al. A
comprehensive, longitudinal description of the in-hospital and post-discharge
clinical, laboratory, and neurohormonal course of patients with heart failure
who die or are re-hospitalized within 90 days: analysis from the EVEREST
trial. Heart Fail. Rev 2012; 17, 485–509.
44. Zile, MR, Cho YK, Adamson PB, Aaron MF, Aranda JM Jr, Abraham WT et
al. Transition from chronic compensated to acute decompensated heart
failure: pathophysiological insights obtained from continuous monitoring of
intracardiac pressures. Circulation 2008;118, 1433–1441.
45. Adamson PB, Magalski A, Braunscweight F, Bohm M, Reynolds D, Steinhasu D
et al. Ongoing right ventricular hemodynamics in heart failure: clinical value of
measurements derived from an implantable monitoring system. J. Am. Coll.
Cardiol. 2003;41, 565–571.
46. Henkel DM, Redfield MM, Weston SA, Gerber Y, Roger VL. Death in heart
failure: a community perspective. Circ Heart Fail. 2008;1:91–97.
47. Velavan P, Khan NK, Goode K, Rigby AS, Loh PH, Komajda M et al.
Predictors of short term mortality in heart failure - insights from the Euro
Heart Failure survey. International Journal of Cardiology 2010; 138: 63–69
48. North B, Sinclair D. The intersection between aging and cardiovascular
disease. Circ Res. 2012;110:1097-1108.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
38
49. Lakatta E, Levy D. Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in
cardiovascular disease enterprises, part I: aging arteries: a “set up” for
vascular disease. Circulation. 2003;107:139 –146.
50. Strait J, Lakatta E. Aging associated cardiovascular changes and their relation
to heart failure. Heart Fail Clin. 2012; 8(1): 143–164
51. Gustafsson F, Pedersen C, Seibæk M, Burchardt H, Kober L for the
DIAMOND study group. Effect of age on short and long-term mortality in
patients admitted to hospital with congestive heart failure. European Heart
Journal 2004; 25, 1711–17
52. Suwaidi J, Asaad N, Al-Qahtani A, El-Menyar A, Al-Mulla A, Singh R et al.
Effect of Age on Outcome on Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure: From
a 20-Year Registry in a Middle-Eastern Country (1991–2010). Congest Heart
Fail. 2012;18:320–326
53. Martínez-Sellés M, García Robles JA, Prieto L, Frades E, Munoz R, Castro
OD, et al. Hospitalized Congestive Heart Failure Patients with Preserved
versus Abnormal Left Ventricular Systolic Function. Rev Esp Cardiol, 2002;
55: 579–586
54. Lee DS, Austin PC, Rouleau JL, Liu PP, Naimark D, Tu JV. Predicting
mortality among patients hospitalized for heart failure: derivation and
validation of clinical model. JAMA, 2003; 290: 2581–2587.
55. Hillege HL, Nitsch D, Pfeffer M, Swedberg K, McMurray JJ, Yusuf S, et al.
Candesartan in Heart Failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and
Morbidity (CHARM) Investigators. Renal function as a predictor of outcomes
in a broad spectrum of patients with heart failure. Circu- lation, 2006; 113:
671–678.
56. Brophy JM, Dagenais GR, McSherry F, Williford W, Yusuf SA. A
multivariate model for predicting mortality in patients with heart failure and
systolic dysfunction. Am J Med, 2004; 116: 300–304.
57. Kalogeropoulos AP, Tang WHW, Hsu A, Felker GM, hernandez AF,
Troughton RW, et al. High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein in Acute Heart
Failure: Insights From the ASCEND-HF Trial. Journal of Cardiac
failure,2014;20(5):1-8
58. Windram JD, Loh PH, Rigby AS, Hanning I, Clarck A, Cleland JG.
Relationship of hight-sensitivity C-reactive protein to prognosis and other
prognostic markers in outpatients with heart failure. American heart journal,
2007;153(6): 1048-1055
59. Kozdag G, Ertas G, Kilic T, Acar E, Agir A, Sahin T, et al. Elevated level of
high-sensitivity C-reactive protein is important in determining prognosis in
chronic heart failure. Med Sci Monit,2010; 16(3) :156-161
60. Zhu L, Zou Y, Wang Y, Luo X, Sun K, Wang H, et al. Prognostik
signicnificance of plasma High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein in patients with
hyperthropic cardiomyopathy. Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6: e004529
Universitas Sumatera Utara