Hubungan Kebiasaan Merokok dengan Terjadinya Gangguan Pengecapan pada Pegawai Non-Akademik Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. World Health Organization. WHO: Tobacco Facts. (8 September 2014)
2. KOMPAS. Indonesia negara perokok terbesar se-ASEAN. 11 Oktober
2009. (8 September 2014)
3. Yanbaeva DG, Dentener MA, Creutzberg EC, Wessiling G, Wouters EFM.
Systemic effects of smoking. J CHEST 2007; 131 : 1557-66.
4. Trandafir V, Trandafir D, Gogalniceanu D, Popescu E, Vicol C, Burlui V.
Tocacco-induced oral mucosal modifications. Internation J Med Dent 2010; 1:
84-91.
5. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC: Health Effects of
CigaretteSmoking.(10 September 2014)
6. Mecklenburg RE. Tobacco effects in the mouth. DIANE Publishing, Aug 2004; 5.
7. Felton S, Chapman A. Basic Guide to Oral Health Education and Promotion.
Edisi 2. New Delhi: John Wiley & Sons, 2013; 143.
8. Vennemann MM, Hummel T, Berger K. The association between smoking and
smell and taste impairment in the general population. Journal of Neurology. 2008;
255(8): 1121-6.
9. Khurana I. Textbook of Human Physiology for Dental Student. Edisi 2. New
Delhi: Elsevier Health Science, 2014; 589.
10. Rhoades R, Bell DR. Medical Physiology: Principles for Clinical Medicine. Edisi
4. Philadelphia: Lippincott Willians & Wilkins, 2009; 89.
11. Mann NM. Management of smell and taste problems.Cleveland Clinic Journal of
Medicine 2002; 69: 329-36.
12. Simamora M. Primasari A. Change of taste sensitivity of clove cigarette smokers
in Medan. Journal of Dentistry Indonesia 2012; 19(2): 27-30.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
13. Hong SJ. Ryu JW. Ahn JM. Yoon CL. Changes of taste threshold after smoking
in young Korean men. Korean J Oral Med 2010; 35(3): 184-92.
14. Shafey O, Eriksen M, Ross H, Mackay J. The tobacco atlas. USA: Bookhouse,
2009: 21-4.
15. Wigand JS. Additives, cigarette design and tobacco product regulation. A Report
to the World Health Organization Tobacco Free Initiative Tobacco Regulation
Group. Japan: Kobe, 2006: 2-42.
16. Geiss O, Kotzias D. Tobacco, cigarettes and cigarette smoke. A Report to the
European Institute of Health and Consumer Protection. Italy: Luxembourg, 2007:
1-10,20-2,29,30,35-9,44-9.
17. Husaini A. Tobat Merokok. Edisi 1. Depok: Pustaka IIMaN, 2001: 15-7, 107-9.
18. Ruslan G. Efek merokok terhadap rongga mulut. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 1996;
113: 41-3.
19. Sitepoe M. Kekhususan rokok Indonesia. Jakarta: PT Grasindo, 2000: 1-34.
20. Fowles J, Bates M, Noiton D. The chemical constituents in cigarettes and
cigarette smoke: Priorities for harm reduction. A Report to the New Zealand
Ministry of Health. Epidemiology and Toxicology Group. 2000: 10-2, 34.
21. Cancer Council of Western Australia. Cigarette ingredients. (10 October 2014)
22. ASK Sham, LK Cheung, Jin LJ, Corbet EF. The effects of tobacco use on oral
health. Hong Kong Med J 2003; 9(4): 271-6.
23. Fritsch H, Kuehnel W. Color Atlas of Human Anatomy. Edisi 5. Wemding;
Thieme, 2011: 172-3.
24. Zaidi FN, Meadows P, Jacobowitz O, Davidson TM. Tongue anatomy and
physiology, the scientific basis for a novel targeted neurostimulation system
designed for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Neuromodulation 2012: 2.
25. Kulkarni NV. Clinical Anatomy (A Problem Solving Approach). Edisi 2. New
Delhi; Jaypee, 2011: 415-7.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
26. Dodson B. Computer rendering of taste is on the tip of the tongue.
27. Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. Edisi 11. Philadelphia;
Elsevier Saunders, 2006: 663-4.
28. Bear MF, Connors BW, Paradiso MA. Neuroscience. Edisi 3. Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins,2007: 259.
29. Anonymous. General Taste and Smell. (15 Disember 2014)
30. Isselbacher, Braunwald, Wilson, Martin, Fauci, Kasper. Harrison: Prinsip-Prinsip
Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Edisi 18. EGC, 2011: 244-5.
31. Goldstein EB. Encyclopedia of Perception. Volume 1. SAGE, 2010: 957-8.
32. American Cancer Society. Guides to Quitting Smoking. (20 Oktober 2014)
33. Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Dasar-dasar metodologi penelitian klinis. Edisi 4.
Jakarta: Sagung Seto, 2011: 368-9.
34. William MK. Nonprobability sampling. (25 Oktober 2014)
35. Currie GP. ABC of COPD. Singapore: Fabulous Printers, 2007: 7-9.
36. Anonymous. Statistics and Probability Dictionary. (25 Oktober 2014)
37. Kang KZ. Hubungan kebiasaan merokok dengan terjadinya stomatitis nikotina
pada pegawai non-akademik Universitas Sumatera Utara. Skripsi. Medan:
Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2012: 33.
38.
Krut LH, Perrin MJ, Bronte-Stewart B. Taste perception in smokers and
non-smokers. Br Med J. 1961;1:384-7.
39.
Yamauchi Y, Endo S, Yoshimura I. A new whole-mouth gustatory test
procedure. Acta Otolarngol, 2002; 546: 49-59.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
40.
Baker KA, Didcock EA, Kemm JR, Patrick JM. Effect of age, sex and
illness on salt taste detection thresholds. Age and Ageing 1983;12:159-65.
41.
Kim SH, Hur YK, Choi JK. Suprathreshold taste intensities for sucrose,
NaCl, citric acid, and quinine HCl in young koreans and the influence of sex,
taste preference, and smoking. Korean J Oral Med 2005;30:149-62.
42.
Pavlos P, Vasilios N, Antonia A, Dimitrios K, Georgios K, George A.
Evaluation of young smokers and non-smokers with electrogustometry and
contact endoscopy. BMC Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders 2009;9:9.
43.
Akal UK, Delilbasi C, Yimlaz T, Redzep E, Durud Sertkaya. Evaluation
of some factors affecting taste perception. JOHDMBSC 2003;2(4):33-7.
44.
Khan GJ, Mehmood R, Salah-ud-Din, Ihtesham-ulHaq. Effects of longterm use of tobacco on taste receptors and salivary secretion. J Ayub Med Coll
Abbottabad 2003;15(4):37-9.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
1. World Health Organization. WHO: Tobacco Facts. (8 September 2014)
2. KOMPAS. Indonesia negara perokok terbesar se-ASEAN. 11 Oktober
2009. (8 September 2014)
3. Yanbaeva DG, Dentener MA, Creutzberg EC, Wessiling G, Wouters EFM.
Systemic effects of smoking. J CHEST 2007; 131 : 1557-66.
4. Trandafir V, Trandafir D, Gogalniceanu D, Popescu E, Vicol C, Burlui V.
Tocacco-induced oral mucosal modifications. Internation J Med Dent 2010; 1:
84-91.
5. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC: Health Effects of
CigaretteSmoking.(10 September 2014)
6. Mecklenburg RE. Tobacco effects in the mouth. DIANE Publishing, Aug 2004; 5.
7. Felton S, Chapman A. Basic Guide to Oral Health Education and Promotion.
Edisi 2. New Delhi: John Wiley & Sons, 2013; 143.
8. Vennemann MM, Hummel T, Berger K. The association between smoking and
smell and taste impairment in the general population. Journal of Neurology. 2008;
255(8): 1121-6.
9. Khurana I. Textbook of Human Physiology for Dental Student. Edisi 2. New
Delhi: Elsevier Health Science, 2014; 589.
10. Rhoades R, Bell DR. Medical Physiology: Principles for Clinical Medicine. Edisi
4. Philadelphia: Lippincott Willians & Wilkins, 2009; 89.
11. Mann NM. Management of smell and taste problems.Cleveland Clinic Journal of
Medicine 2002; 69: 329-36.
12. Simamora M. Primasari A. Change of taste sensitivity of clove cigarette smokers
in Medan. Journal of Dentistry Indonesia 2012; 19(2): 27-30.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
13. Hong SJ. Ryu JW. Ahn JM. Yoon CL. Changes of taste threshold after smoking
in young Korean men. Korean J Oral Med 2010; 35(3): 184-92.
14. Shafey O, Eriksen M, Ross H, Mackay J. The tobacco atlas. USA: Bookhouse,
2009: 21-4.
15. Wigand JS. Additives, cigarette design and tobacco product regulation. A Report
to the World Health Organization Tobacco Free Initiative Tobacco Regulation
Group. Japan: Kobe, 2006: 2-42.
16. Geiss O, Kotzias D. Tobacco, cigarettes and cigarette smoke. A Report to the
European Institute of Health and Consumer Protection. Italy: Luxembourg, 2007:
1-10,20-2,29,30,35-9,44-9.
17. Husaini A. Tobat Merokok. Edisi 1. Depok: Pustaka IIMaN, 2001: 15-7, 107-9.
18. Ruslan G. Efek merokok terhadap rongga mulut. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 1996;
113: 41-3.
19. Sitepoe M. Kekhususan rokok Indonesia. Jakarta: PT Grasindo, 2000: 1-34.
20. Fowles J, Bates M, Noiton D. The chemical constituents in cigarettes and
cigarette smoke: Priorities for harm reduction. A Report to the New Zealand
Ministry of Health. Epidemiology and Toxicology Group. 2000: 10-2, 34.
21. Cancer Council of Western Australia. Cigarette ingredients. (10 October 2014)
22. ASK Sham, LK Cheung, Jin LJ, Corbet EF. The effects of tobacco use on oral
health. Hong Kong Med J 2003; 9(4): 271-6.
23. Fritsch H, Kuehnel W. Color Atlas of Human Anatomy. Edisi 5. Wemding;
Thieme, 2011: 172-3.
24. Zaidi FN, Meadows P, Jacobowitz O, Davidson TM. Tongue anatomy and
physiology, the scientific basis for a novel targeted neurostimulation system
designed for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Neuromodulation 2012: 2.
25. Kulkarni NV. Clinical Anatomy (A Problem Solving Approach). Edisi 2. New
Delhi; Jaypee, 2011: 415-7.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
26. Dodson B. Computer rendering of taste is on the tip of the tongue.
27. Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. Edisi 11. Philadelphia;
Elsevier Saunders, 2006: 663-4.
28. Bear MF, Connors BW, Paradiso MA. Neuroscience. Edisi 3. Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins,2007: 259.
29. Anonymous. General Taste and Smell. (15 Disember 2014)
30. Isselbacher, Braunwald, Wilson, Martin, Fauci, Kasper. Harrison: Prinsip-Prinsip
Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Edisi 18. EGC, 2011: 244-5.
31. Goldstein EB. Encyclopedia of Perception. Volume 1. SAGE, 2010: 957-8.
32. American Cancer Society. Guides to Quitting Smoking. (20 Oktober 2014)
33. Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Dasar-dasar metodologi penelitian klinis. Edisi 4.
Jakarta: Sagung Seto, 2011: 368-9.
34. William MK. Nonprobability sampling. (25 Oktober 2014)
35. Currie GP. ABC of COPD. Singapore: Fabulous Printers, 2007: 7-9.
36. Anonymous. Statistics and Probability Dictionary. (25 Oktober 2014)
37. Kang KZ. Hubungan kebiasaan merokok dengan terjadinya stomatitis nikotina
pada pegawai non-akademik Universitas Sumatera Utara. Skripsi. Medan:
Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2012: 33.
38.
Krut LH, Perrin MJ, Bronte-Stewart B. Taste perception in smokers and
non-smokers. Br Med J. 1961;1:384-7.
39.
Yamauchi Y, Endo S, Yoshimura I. A new whole-mouth gustatory test
procedure. Acta Otolarngol, 2002; 546: 49-59.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
40.
Baker KA, Didcock EA, Kemm JR, Patrick JM. Effect of age, sex and
illness on salt taste detection thresholds. Age and Ageing 1983;12:159-65.
41.
Kim SH, Hur YK, Choi JK. Suprathreshold taste intensities for sucrose,
NaCl, citric acid, and quinine HCl in young koreans and the influence of sex,
taste preference, and smoking. Korean J Oral Med 2005;30:149-62.
42.
Pavlos P, Vasilios N, Antonia A, Dimitrios K, Georgios K, George A.
Evaluation of young smokers and non-smokers with electrogustometry and
contact endoscopy. BMC Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders 2009;9:9.
43.
Akal UK, Delilbasi C, Yimlaz T, Redzep E, Durud Sertkaya. Evaluation
of some factors affecting taste perception. JOHDMBSC 2003;2(4):33-7.
44.
Khan GJ, Mehmood R, Salah-ud-Din, Ihtesham-ulHaq. Effects of longterm use of tobacco on taste receptors and salivary secretion. J Ayub Med Coll
Abbottabad 2003;15(4):37-9.
Universitas Sumatera Utara