Pemurnian Gliserol Dengan Metode Asidifikasi Asam Klorida dan Ekstraksi Dengan Pelarut Kloroform
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[1] Liu, Bingchuan, Kyle Christiansen , Richard Parnas, Zhiheng Xu, Baikun Li.
“Optimizing The Production Of Hydrogen And 1,3- Propanediol In
Anaerobic Fermentation Of Biodiesel Glycerol”, International
Journal of Hydrogen Energy 38 (2013) 3196-3205.
[2] Isahak, Nor Roslam Wan, Zatil Amali Che Ramli , Manal Ismail, Jamaliah
Mohd Jahim, Mohd Ambar Yarmo. “Recovery and Purification of
Crude Glycerol from Vegetable Oil Transesterification: A Review”.
Separation and Purification Reviews. 2014.
[3] Ardi, M.S, M.K. Aroua, N. Awanis Hashim. “Progress, Prospect and
Challenges in Glycerol Purifcation Process : A Review”. Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews 42 (2015) 1164-1173
[4] J Thompson, He B. “Characterization Of Crude Glycerol From Biodiesel
Production From Multiple Feedstocks”, Appl Eng Agric (2006) ;
22:261.
[5] Aziati, A.A Nik Nor, A M. Sakinah. Review: Glycerol Residue And Pitch
Recovered From Oleo Chemical And Biodiesel Waste Industries.
2012
[6] Gu, Yanlong, Francois Jerome. “Glycerol As A Sustainable Solvent For Green
Chemistry”, Green Chem., (2010), 12, 1127–1138 | 1127
[7] Seokhyeon Oh dan Chulhwan Park. “Enzymatic Production Of Glycerol
Acetate From Glycerol,” Enzyme and Microbial Technology 69
(2015) 19–23
[8] Fan X H, Burton R, Zhou Y C. “Glycerol ( By Product Of Biodiesel
Production ) As A Source For Fuels And Chemicals—Mini Review”.
The Open Fuels and Energy Science Journal (2010) hal : 17–22.
[9] Nanda, M.R., Yuan Z, Qin W, Poirier MA dan Chunbao X. “Purification of
Crude Glycerol using Acidification: Effects of Acid Types and
Product Characterization. Department of Chemical and Biochemical
Engineering.” Research Article Austin Chemical Engineering.
Western University. London. 2014
40
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[10] Javani, A., M. Hasheminejad, K. Tahvildari and M. Tabatabaei. “High
Quality Potassium Phosphate Production Through Step-By-Step
Glycerol
Purification:
A
Strategy
To
Economize
Biodiesel
Production.” Biores. Technol., (2012) 104: 788-790.
[11] Johnson, D.T. and K.A. Taconi, 2007. The Glycerin Glut: Options For The
Value-Added Conversion Of Crude Glycerol Resulting From
Biodiesel Production. Eng. Prog., 26: 338-346.
[12] Tan, H.W, A. R. Abdul Aziz dan M.K Aroua. “Glycerol Production And Its
Applications As A Raw Material: A Review.” Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews 27 (2013) 118–127
[13] E. Nor Hidawati dan A M Mimi Sakinah. “Treatment of Glycerin Pitch from
Biodiesel Production”, International Journal of Chemical and
Environmental Engineering, (Oktober 2011). Vol. 2, No. 5.
[14] Hunsom Mali, Payia Saila, Penpisuth Chaiyakam, Winata Kositnan.
“Comparison and Combination of Solvent Extraction and Adsorption
for Crude Glycerol Enrichment”, International Journal Of Renewable
Energy Research (2013) Vol.3, No.2,
[15] Yong K, Ooi T, Dzulkefly K, Wan Yunus W, Hazimah A. “Characterization
of Glycerol Residue From a Palm Kernel Oil Methyl Ester Plant”. J
Oil PalmRes (2001) ; 13(2):1–6.
[16] Kongjao S , Damronglerd S, Hunsom M. “Purification of Crude Glycerol
Derived from Waste Used-Oil Methyl Ester Plant”, Korean
JChemEng (2010) ; 27 : 944–9.
[17] Ignacio Contreras Andrade, Eliseo Avella-Moreno, Jonathan Fabian SierraCantor, Carlos Alberto Guerrero-Fajardo, José Ricardo Sodré.
“Purfication of Glycerol from Biodiesel Production by Sequential
Extraction Monitored by H NMR”, Fuel Processing Technology 132
(2015) 99-104.
[18] R Manosak, Limpattayanate S , Hunsom M. “Sequential-Refining of Crude
Glycerol Derived from Waste Used – Oil Methyl Ester Plant Via a
Combined Process of Chemical and Adsorption”, Fuel Process
Techno 2011 ; 92 : 92–9.
41
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[19] Cai Tianfeng, Liu Huipeng, Zhao Hua, dan Liao Kejian. “Purification of
Glycerol from Waste Cooking Oil Based Biodiesel Production by
Orthogonal Test Method”, China Petroleum Processing and
Petrochemical Technology (2013), Vol. 15, No 1, pp 48-53.
[20] A Singhabhandhu dan T. Tezuka. “A Perspective on Incorporation of
Glycerin Purification Process in Biodiesel Plants Using Waste
Cooking Oil as Feedstock.” Energy, 35: 2493-2504. 2010.
[21] Fazal, M.A., A.S.M.A. Haseeb and H.H. Masjuki, 2011. “Biodiesel
Feasibility Study: An Evaluation of Material Compatibility;
Performance; Emission and Engine Durability”, Renew. Sust. Energ.
Rev., 15: 1314-1324.
[22] Kolesarova N, Hutnan M, Bodık I, Spalkova V. Review article. “Utilization
Of Biodiesel By-Products for Biogas Production”, J Biomed
Biotechnol (2011).
[23] Garcia, José I., Héctor García-Marín and Elísabet Pires. “Glycerol Based
Solvents: Synthesis, Properties and Applications.” Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC. 2014
[24] Hájek, M. and F. Skopal, 2010. Treatment of Glycerol Phase Formed by
Biodiesel Production. Biores. Technol.
[25] N. Saifuddin, H. Refal, P. Kumaran. “Rapid Purification of Glycerol ByProduct from Biodiesel Production through Combined Process of
Microwave Assisted Acidification and Adsorption via Chitosan
Immobilized with Yeast.”, Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering
and Technology 7(3): 593-602, 2014 ISSN: 2040-7459; e-ISSN: 20407467.
[26]
J.V. Gerpen,. Biodiesel Processing and Technology. Fuel Processing
Technology (2005) 86: 1097 – 1107.
[27] Xiao,Yang, Guomin Xiao, dan Arvind Varma. “A Universal Procedure for
Crude Glycerol Purification from Different Feedstocks in Biodiesel
Production: Experimental and Simulation Study.” Industrial and
42
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Engineering Chemistry Research. ISSN0888-5885, (2013) Hal:15205045.
[28] Shengjun Hu; Luo, Xiaolan; Wan, Caixia; Li, Yebo. “Characterization of
Crude Glycerol from Biodiesel Plants”, American Chemical Society.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2012. Vol:60 Issue:23.
page: 5915 – 5921
[29] Fanani. “Kajian Pemurnian Gliserol Hasil Samping Biodiesel Jarak Pagar
Menggunakan Asam Nitrat, Sulfat, Dan Fosfat.” Skripsi, Departemen
Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut
Pertanian Bogor. 2010.
[30] Kolthoff. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry. (New York: Interscience
Encyclopedia.,1959)
[31] Mali Hunsom dan Chaowat Autthanit. “Adsorptive Purification of Crude
Glycerol by Sewage Sludge-Derived Activated Carbon Prepared by
Chemical Activation with H3PO4, K2CO3 and KOH”, Chemical
Engineering Journal 229 (2013) 334-343.
[32] Mulia Wita. “Perbaikan Proses Pemurnian Gliserol Hasil Samping Industri
Biodiesel Menggunakan Distilasi Vakum.” Skripsi, Departemen
Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian IPB,
Bogor, 2015.
[33] SNI. Biodiesel. Badan Standarisasi Nasional. SNI 04-7182-2006.
[34] Lestari, Made Arsa, I Wayan Suirta. “Pengaruh Konsentrasi Asam Fosfat dan
Berat Semen Putih Sebagai Adsorben Dalam Pemurnian Crude
Gliserol.” Jurnal Kimia 9 (2), (JULI 2015): 279-288
[35] Ulfa Rahmi, “Pengaruh Jenis Asam Dan pH Pada Pemurnian Residu Gliserol
Dari Hasil Samping
Produksi Biodiesel.” Departemen Kimia.
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Universitas
Sumatera Utara. 2002.
[36] Obie Farobie, “Optimasi Proses Produksi Gliserol Hasil Samping Biodiesel
sebagai Bahan Penolong Penghancur Semen.” Skripsi, IPB, Bogor,
2009.
43
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[37]
Arita, Susila, Meta Berlian Dara, Jaya Irawan. “Pembuatan Metil Ester
Asam Lemak Dari Cpo Off Grade Dengan Metode EsterifikasiTransesterifikasi.”
Jurusan
Teknik
Kimia,
Fakultas
Teknik,
Universitas Sriwijaya.
[38]
Prakoso, Tirto, Sarasati Cintya Hapsari, Pilandira Lembono, Tatang H.
Soerawidjaja. Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Taknologi Industri, Institut
Teknologi Bandung. 2011
[39]
A.H. Hazimah, T.L.Ooi dan A. Salmiah. J.Oil Palm Res., 15(1),1 (2003).
[40] Rahmi Hidayati, Arif Hidayat Allah, Susila Arita. “Pengaruh Penambahan
H3PO4 dan Resin Kation – Anion Terhadap Persen Total Gliserol
Hasil
Samping Pembuatan
Biodiesel.”
Jurnal
Teknik
Kimia
(Desember 2012) No. 4, Vol. 18
[41] Dian Novitasari, Deasy Ratnasari, Dwi Ardiana Setyawardhani. “Pemurnian
Gliserol dari Hasil Samping Pembuatan Biodiesel.” EKUILIBRIUM .
ISSN: 1412-9124. Januari 2012. Vol:11, No.1, Hal :13-17.
44
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[1] Liu, Bingchuan, Kyle Christiansen , Richard Parnas, Zhiheng Xu, Baikun Li.
“Optimizing The Production Of Hydrogen And 1,3- Propanediol In
Anaerobic Fermentation Of Biodiesel Glycerol”, International
Journal of Hydrogen Energy 38 (2013) 3196-3205.
[2] Isahak, Nor Roslam Wan, Zatil Amali Che Ramli , Manal Ismail, Jamaliah
Mohd Jahim, Mohd Ambar Yarmo. “Recovery and Purification of
Crude Glycerol from Vegetable Oil Transesterification: A Review”.
Separation and Purification Reviews. 2014.
[3] Ardi, M.S, M.K. Aroua, N. Awanis Hashim. “Progress, Prospect and
Challenges in Glycerol Purifcation Process : A Review”. Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews 42 (2015) 1164-1173
[4] J Thompson, He B. “Characterization Of Crude Glycerol From Biodiesel
Production From Multiple Feedstocks”, Appl Eng Agric (2006) ;
22:261.
[5] Aziati, A.A Nik Nor, A M. Sakinah. Review: Glycerol Residue And Pitch
Recovered From Oleo Chemical And Biodiesel Waste Industries.
2012
[6] Gu, Yanlong, Francois Jerome. “Glycerol As A Sustainable Solvent For Green
Chemistry”, Green Chem., (2010), 12, 1127–1138 | 1127
[7] Seokhyeon Oh dan Chulhwan Park. “Enzymatic Production Of Glycerol
Acetate From Glycerol,” Enzyme and Microbial Technology 69
(2015) 19–23
[8] Fan X H, Burton R, Zhou Y C. “Glycerol ( By Product Of Biodiesel
Production ) As A Source For Fuels And Chemicals—Mini Review”.
The Open Fuels and Energy Science Journal (2010) hal : 17–22.
[9] Nanda, M.R., Yuan Z, Qin W, Poirier MA dan Chunbao X. “Purification of
Crude Glycerol using Acidification: Effects of Acid Types and
Product Characterization. Department of Chemical and Biochemical
Engineering.” Research Article Austin Chemical Engineering.
Western University. London. 2014
40
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[10] Javani, A., M. Hasheminejad, K. Tahvildari and M. Tabatabaei. “High
Quality Potassium Phosphate Production Through Step-By-Step
Glycerol
Purification:
A
Strategy
To
Economize
Biodiesel
Production.” Biores. Technol., (2012) 104: 788-790.
[11] Johnson, D.T. and K.A. Taconi, 2007. The Glycerin Glut: Options For The
Value-Added Conversion Of Crude Glycerol Resulting From
Biodiesel Production. Eng. Prog., 26: 338-346.
[12] Tan, H.W, A. R. Abdul Aziz dan M.K Aroua. “Glycerol Production And Its
Applications As A Raw Material: A Review.” Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews 27 (2013) 118–127
[13] E. Nor Hidawati dan A M Mimi Sakinah. “Treatment of Glycerin Pitch from
Biodiesel Production”, International Journal of Chemical and
Environmental Engineering, (Oktober 2011). Vol. 2, No. 5.
[14] Hunsom Mali, Payia Saila, Penpisuth Chaiyakam, Winata Kositnan.
“Comparison and Combination of Solvent Extraction and Adsorption
for Crude Glycerol Enrichment”, International Journal Of Renewable
Energy Research (2013) Vol.3, No.2,
[15] Yong K, Ooi T, Dzulkefly K, Wan Yunus W, Hazimah A. “Characterization
of Glycerol Residue From a Palm Kernel Oil Methyl Ester Plant”. J
Oil PalmRes (2001) ; 13(2):1–6.
[16] Kongjao S , Damronglerd S, Hunsom M. “Purification of Crude Glycerol
Derived from Waste Used-Oil Methyl Ester Plant”, Korean
JChemEng (2010) ; 27 : 944–9.
[17] Ignacio Contreras Andrade, Eliseo Avella-Moreno, Jonathan Fabian SierraCantor, Carlos Alberto Guerrero-Fajardo, José Ricardo Sodré.
“Purfication of Glycerol from Biodiesel Production by Sequential
Extraction Monitored by H NMR”, Fuel Processing Technology 132
(2015) 99-104.
[18] R Manosak, Limpattayanate S , Hunsom M. “Sequential-Refining of Crude
Glycerol Derived from Waste Used – Oil Methyl Ester Plant Via a
Combined Process of Chemical and Adsorption”, Fuel Process
Techno 2011 ; 92 : 92–9.
41
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[19] Cai Tianfeng, Liu Huipeng, Zhao Hua, dan Liao Kejian. “Purification of
Glycerol from Waste Cooking Oil Based Biodiesel Production by
Orthogonal Test Method”, China Petroleum Processing and
Petrochemical Technology (2013), Vol. 15, No 1, pp 48-53.
[20] A Singhabhandhu dan T. Tezuka. “A Perspective on Incorporation of
Glycerin Purification Process in Biodiesel Plants Using Waste
Cooking Oil as Feedstock.” Energy, 35: 2493-2504. 2010.
[21] Fazal, M.A., A.S.M.A. Haseeb and H.H. Masjuki, 2011. “Biodiesel
Feasibility Study: An Evaluation of Material Compatibility;
Performance; Emission and Engine Durability”, Renew. Sust. Energ.
Rev., 15: 1314-1324.
[22] Kolesarova N, Hutnan M, Bodık I, Spalkova V. Review article. “Utilization
Of Biodiesel By-Products for Biogas Production”, J Biomed
Biotechnol (2011).
[23] Garcia, José I., Héctor García-Marín and Elísabet Pires. “Glycerol Based
Solvents: Synthesis, Properties and Applications.” Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC. 2014
[24] Hájek, M. and F. Skopal, 2010. Treatment of Glycerol Phase Formed by
Biodiesel Production. Biores. Technol.
[25] N. Saifuddin, H. Refal, P. Kumaran. “Rapid Purification of Glycerol ByProduct from Biodiesel Production through Combined Process of
Microwave Assisted Acidification and Adsorption via Chitosan
Immobilized with Yeast.”, Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering
and Technology 7(3): 593-602, 2014 ISSN: 2040-7459; e-ISSN: 20407467.
[26]
J.V. Gerpen,. Biodiesel Processing and Technology. Fuel Processing
Technology (2005) 86: 1097 – 1107.
[27] Xiao,Yang, Guomin Xiao, dan Arvind Varma. “A Universal Procedure for
Crude Glycerol Purification from Different Feedstocks in Biodiesel
Production: Experimental and Simulation Study.” Industrial and
42
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Engineering Chemistry Research. ISSN0888-5885, (2013) Hal:15205045.
[28] Shengjun Hu; Luo, Xiaolan; Wan, Caixia; Li, Yebo. “Characterization of
Crude Glycerol from Biodiesel Plants”, American Chemical Society.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2012. Vol:60 Issue:23.
page: 5915 – 5921
[29] Fanani. “Kajian Pemurnian Gliserol Hasil Samping Biodiesel Jarak Pagar
Menggunakan Asam Nitrat, Sulfat, Dan Fosfat.” Skripsi, Departemen
Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut
Pertanian Bogor. 2010.
[30] Kolthoff. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry. (New York: Interscience
Encyclopedia.,1959)
[31] Mali Hunsom dan Chaowat Autthanit. “Adsorptive Purification of Crude
Glycerol by Sewage Sludge-Derived Activated Carbon Prepared by
Chemical Activation with H3PO4, K2CO3 and KOH”, Chemical
Engineering Journal 229 (2013) 334-343.
[32] Mulia Wita. “Perbaikan Proses Pemurnian Gliserol Hasil Samping Industri
Biodiesel Menggunakan Distilasi Vakum.” Skripsi, Departemen
Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian IPB,
Bogor, 2015.
[33] SNI. Biodiesel. Badan Standarisasi Nasional. SNI 04-7182-2006.
[34] Lestari, Made Arsa, I Wayan Suirta. “Pengaruh Konsentrasi Asam Fosfat dan
Berat Semen Putih Sebagai Adsorben Dalam Pemurnian Crude
Gliserol.” Jurnal Kimia 9 (2), (JULI 2015): 279-288
[35] Ulfa Rahmi, “Pengaruh Jenis Asam Dan pH Pada Pemurnian Residu Gliserol
Dari Hasil Samping
Produksi Biodiesel.” Departemen Kimia.
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Universitas
Sumatera Utara. 2002.
[36] Obie Farobie, “Optimasi Proses Produksi Gliserol Hasil Samping Biodiesel
sebagai Bahan Penolong Penghancur Semen.” Skripsi, IPB, Bogor,
2009.
43
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[37]
Arita, Susila, Meta Berlian Dara, Jaya Irawan. “Pembuatan Metil Ester
Asam Lemak Dari Cpo Off Grade Dengan Metode EsterifikasiTransesterifikasi.”
Jurusan
Teknik
Kimia,
Fakultas
Teknik,
Universitas Sriwijaya.
[38]
Prakoso, Tirto, Sarasati Cintya Hapsari, Pilandira Lembono, Tatang H.
Soerawidjaja. Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Taknologi Industri, Institut
Teknologi Bandung. 2011
[39]
A.H. Hazimah, T.L.Ooi dan A. Salmiah. J.Oil Palm Res., 15(1),1 (2003).
[40] Rahmi Hidayati, Arif Hidayat Allah, Susila Arita. “Pengaruh Penambahan
H3PO4 dan Resin Kation – Anion Terhadap Persen Total Gliserol
Hasil
Samping Pembuatan
Biodiesel.”
Jurnal
Teknik
Kimia
(Desember 2012) No. 4, Vol. 18
[41] Dian Novitasari, Deasy Ratnasari, Dwi Ardiana Setyawardhani. “Pemurnian
Gliserol dari Hasil Samping Pembuatan Biodiesel.” EKUILIBRIUM .
ISSN: 1412-9124. Januari 2012. Vol:11, No.1, Hal :13-17.
44
Universitas Sumatera Utara