Pencapaian performa yang efisien ramah lingkungan

  Perkembangan Teknologi Otomotif Pencapaian performa yang efisien & ramah lingkungan

  Perkembangan Kendaraan Teknologi Otomotif ringan

  1. Engine

  2. Drive train

  3. Chassis

  4. Electrical

  5. Safety Technology

  6. Body Garis Besar Perkembangan Mesin

  Teknologi Mesin

  Mekanisme Katup Sistem Bahan-bakar Sistem Pengapian OHV (Over Head

  Karburator Konvensional (Platina) Valve) SOHC (Single Over

  EFI - Analog Transistorized / CDI Head Camshaft) Head Camshaft) DOHC (Double Over

  IIA (Integrated Ignition EFI - Microcomputer

  Head Camshaft) Assembly)

  VVT-I (Variable Valve ESA (Electronic Spark

  Lean Burn Engine Timing Intelligent)

  Advance)

  VVTL-I (Variable Valve D4 (Direct Injection DIS (Direct Ignition Timing & Lift Intelligent Gasoline) System)

  Teknologi Mesin

  Sistem Bahan-bakar Sistem Pengisian Sistem Starter

  Diesel W/ Regulator tipe

  Konvensional Pompa injeksi In Line Kontak Point

  Pompa injeksi W/ IC Regulator Tipe Reduksi

  Distributor Distributor Alternator w/

  Tipe Planetari EFI Diesel (ECD) Conductor segment

  Tipe Planetari w/ Common Rail

  Segment Conductor

  TOYOTA

Hybrid Technology

  Fuel price continue increase Expanding energy consumptions >US$ 122.17/barrel

  Background Global Concern on Energy Savings

• ESDM

  Background Global warming caused by CO2

  Global CO2 emissions from fuel combustion CO2 CO2

  The Changing of Market Need

CO2 CO2

  Drive the changing Drive the changing of market need Customer basic

  Fuel efficiency, low Focus on : needs on car is emissions, while keep driving fun to drive

performance

and driving performance.

  TOYOTA Passion

  Improving Fuel Efficiency to Reduce CO2 Emissions

  TOYOTA Milestone

  Apa itu Sistem Hybrid? Gabungan antara dua sumber tenaga

  HYBRID = 100

  ± 50 + ± 50 CONVENTIONAL

  = 100 100

  Tipe Sistem Hybrid Series Hybrid Motor bensin memutarkan generator untuk mensuplai listrik ke motor listrik penggerak roda penggerak roda

  Contoh: Chevrolet Volt

  Tipe Sistem Hybrid Paralel Hybrid Motor bensin sebagai penggerak roda utama, motor listrik hanya membantu akselerasi.

  Contoh: Honda Insight, MB S400 BlueHybrid, BMW Seri 7 Hybrid

  Engine Motor

  Tipe Sistem Hybrid Series & Paralel Hybrid “Power split device” secara konstan mengatur rasio tenaga motor bensin / listrik ke roda. Dapat menggerakkan kendaraan kendaraan hanya hanya dengan dengan motor listrik saja.

  Motor Engine

  Tipe Sistem Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Baterai dengan kapasitas lebih besar (biasanya Lithium) dapat di charge dengan listrik “rumah” untuk “rumah” untuk memperbanyak penggunaan motor listrik dan mengurangi penggunaan motor bensin.

  Sampai akhir 2009, Prius Plug- in akan di leasing 500 unit di

  Prius Low Emissions %CO2 emission of Prius is 104 g/km ≈ 55% less than others in the same class class %NOx emissions of Prius is 0.010 g/km and HC of Prius is 0.020 g/km ≈ less than half of others car in the same class

  Prius Fuel Consumption 35.5 km/l Japan 10 – 15 Mode Japan 10 – 15 Mode City drive : 23.2 km/l Highway : 21.3 km/l

  Sejarah TOYOTA Hybrid 1999

  

1997 2001 2003 2004 2006

Export to

  Prius

USA USA

  ( NHW10) ( NHW10) Est im a Est im a

  Prius Prius Prius Prius ( NHW20) ( NHW20)

  RX400h GS450h TOYOTA

  Crow n Alphar d

  Highlander Cam ry

  Sejarah TOYOTA Hybrid 2007

  2009 LS600h

  Prius Prius ( ZVW30) ( ZVW30)

  Toyota Hybrid Sales

  TOYOTA Hybrid System in PRIUS Fusion between an internal combustion engine and electric motor, achieving different function through different power combinations to create optimum synergy and output.

  Tor qu e ( N m ) · M ot or

  400 300 200 100

  En gin e

  2000 4000 6000 Auxiliary Bat t ery ( Sealed Type)

• Bat t er y Module ( DC 201.6 V)
• Junct ion Block • Bat t er y Sm ar t Unit

  2ZR- FXE Engine

  Cooler

  HV Bat t er y Unit

  THS Main Components

  Pow er Cable I nvert er w it h Convert er Assem bly

  ECM Pow er Managem ent

  Cont rol ECU ( HV CPU) Cooler

  Com pressor w it h Mot or Assem bly

• Boost Convert er • I nvert er
• MG ECU

  THS Main Components Inverter/Converter Engine

  THS Main Components Power-dividing Mechanism (Planetary Gears) • § MG1 – Sun Gear

  Wheels § MG2 – Ring Gear § Engine – Planetary Carrier Carrier

  THS Main Components Hybrid Transaxle

  THS Main Components Blue: Engine Blue: Engine Yellow: MG1 Yellow: MG1 Orange: MG2 Orange: MG2 Planetary Carrier: fixed Ring Gear: rotates (input) Ring Gear: fixed Planetary Carrier: rotates (input)

  THS Main Components

• Power-dividing Mechanism (Planetary Gears)

  THS Main Components Power-dividing Mechanism (Planetary Gears) •

  Planetary Carrier: fixed

  THS Main Components Hybrid Transaxle

  Chain-drive Planetary Gears

  Sprocket MG2

  MG1

  THS Main Components Hybrid Transaxle

  Counter Drive Gear Gear

  Chain-driven Counter-driven

  Sprocket Gear

  Reduction Mechanism

  Final Drive Pinion Gear

  Final Ring Gear

  Differential

  MG2 MG1

  THS Main Components Hybrid Transaxle

• MG1 / MG2
• – Compact and lightweight, highly efficient AC 650 V motor generator

  Stator Coil Rotor

  THS Main Components Hybrid Transaxle

• MG1
• – Main operations ® Generator – When engine starting ® Starter MG1

  THS Main Components MG2 •

• – When driving ® Main power to engine power (Starting off) or provides

  supplementary
• – When braking ® Converts kinetic energy to electrical energy

  MG2 Stator Coil

  Rotor

  THS Main Components

  THS Main Components Atkinson Cycle: Compression < Expansion

  Com pr e ssion Ex pa n sion Depending on driving condition, cylinder volume is varied

  THS Main Components Engine

  Atkinson Cycle •

• – Depending on the driving condition, the cylinder volume is varied by VVT-i

  Valve Timing (Intake Valve) Cylinder Volume TDC 105 °

  VVT-i Operation 72 °

  THS Main Components Engine

  Atkinson Cycle •

• – Intake valve close timing is late

  Valve Timing (Intake Valve) Cylinder Volume TDC n io 105 ° ress ke o mp ion s o e

  C Str pan rok Ex St

  THS Main Components Engine

  Atkinson Cycle •

• – Intake valve close timing is early

  Valve Timing (Intake Valve) Cylinder Volume TDC n io ress ion ke s e o mp o pan rok

  C Str Ex St

  72 °

  THS Main Components Inverter Assembly

• Components
• – Inverter •

  DC « AC high voltage

• – Variable-voltage System
• DC201.6V stepped up to max. DC500V
• – DC-DC Converter • DC201.6V stepped down to DC 12V
• – A/C Inverter
• DC ® AC to drives the A/C compressor

  THS Main Components Inverter Assembly

  Inverter Assembly Inverter Assembly

  MG1

  Variable- Inverter voltage System

MG2 MG2

  HV Battery HV Battery

  A/C Inverter DC - DC Converter

  THS Main Components Inverter Assembly

  Max. DC 650V

• ¯ ¯ -

  Inverter Assembly Inverter Assembly

DC 201.6V

  Variable-voltage Variable-voltage System

DC 201.6V

  DC500V AC500V

  Inverter

  IPM (IGBT) •

  (IPM)

  Reactor

• MG2

  HV Battery

  : Discharge : Charge Inverter Assembly THS Main Components

  Inverter Assembly

• – Cooling circuit is used for inverter assembly
• – Separate cooling system from engine

  Reservoir

  Reservoir Tank

  Pump MG1 / 2 Radiator

  Electric Water Pump

  Radiator

  THS Main Components Batteray

  HV Battery

  12V Battery

  THS Main Components HV Batteray

  The Battery has been made from Nickel-Metal Hydride (201.6V)

  ’04 PRIUS: 168 cell ((1.2V x 6 cells) x 28 modules) =

  DC 201.6 V

  THS Main Components HV Batteray

  Current Sensor

  Module SMR3 SMR2

  Resister Battery ECU

  SMR1 Service Plug Connector

  THS Main Components • Battery ECU

• – Maintains control of HV battery SOC (State of charge)
• – Ensures battery capability Battery ECU

  CAN SOC HV Battery Condition Cooling Fan

  Battery

  Control Detection Control

  Cooling Fan Relay

  Electrical Leakage Detection for Diagnosis Function

• HV ECU •HV ECU High-voltage System High-voltage System for HV Battery for HV Battery •Engine ECU
• A/C ECU

  Battery Cooling Fan Controller

• + Temp. Sensors

  Service (Thermistor)

  Plug Battery Cooling Fan Motor

  THS Main Components Battery ECU

• – Controls SOC to match THS characteristics
• – The SOC is maintained at approx, 60%. A margin is given for further recharging via regenerative braking
• – Sends requests to HV ECU to obtain desired SOC

  THS Main Components

• SOC Control
• – When the SOC is dropped, battery ECU sends the “Charge Request” signal to HV ECU

  Battery ECU SOC Charge Request

  Power Request HV ECU Engine

  ECU HV Battery

  Engine

  Drive Charge Voltage (SOC)

  Charging Control

  MG1

  Information Display (New/3 rd

  Gen Prius)

THS Main Components

  THS Main Components Information Display (2 nd

  Gen Prius)

  THS Main Components Item Prius Corolla Altis

  Engine Type

  2ZR-FXE 1.8L 16V DOHC

  VVT-I

  1ZZ-FE 1.8L 16V DOHC VVT-I

  Compression ratio 13.0 : 1 10 : 1 Max Output PS/rpm 99/5,200 143/6,000 Maximum Torque kgm/rpm 14.2/4,000 19.1/4,200

  THS Main Components

  Motor Type Synchronous AC motor (650 V)

  Maximum output in PS

  81.6 Maximum torque Nm 207 (546 setelah di reduksi) Total System Maximum output in PS

  136

  Battery Type Nickel-metal hydride

  THS : How it Works Motor/Generator

  Battery Gasoline Engine Engine

  PCU/Inverter Motor/Generator Power-split

  Device

  THS : How it Works

1. Start and low to mid-range speeds

  The engine stops when in an inefficient range, such as at start-up such as at start-up and in low to mid- range speeds. The vehicle runs on the motor alone.

  Click, movie

  THS : How it Works

2. Driving under normal conditions

  Engine power is divided by the power split device.

  Some of the power turns the generator, which in turn turn drives the motor.

  The rest of the power drives the wheels directly.

  Power allocation is controlled to maximize

  Click, movie efficiency.

  THS : How it Works

3. Sudden acceleration

  Extra power is supplied from the battery, while the engine and engine and high-output motor provide smooth response for improved acceleration characteristics.

  Click, movie

  THS : How it Works

4. Deceleration, braking

  The high-output motor acts as a high-output generator, driven by the vehicle’s wheels. This regenerative braking braking system recovers kinetic energy as electrical energy, which is stored in the high- performance battery.

  Click, movie

  THS : How it Works

5. Battery recharging

  Battery level is managed to maintain sufficient reserves. The engine The engine drives the generator to recharge the battery when necessary.

  Click, movie

  THS System Operation Norm al St art- off Accelerat ion Decelerat ion St op Driving

  Elect ric Mot or and Mot or and Engine Bat t ery Engine m ot or only Engine ( addit ional pow er charging aut om at ically draw n from bat t ery) shut s off

• – ECB (Electrically Controlled Brake)

  Brake System THS : Others System

• – Hydraulic brake pressure is controlled by electrical signal and cooperate

  regenerative brake

  Hydraulic Brake Hydraulic Brake Control Driver’s Demand

  Skid Control

HV ECU

  ECU Regenerative Brake Control

  Vehicle Condition

  THS : Others System Brake System

• – The total brake force provided by both hydraulic and regenerative brakes matches the braking power required