Group Japan Report Hanif Rahmatullah
HANIF RAHMATULLAH
NIM 120820160061
MASTER OF MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL
PADJADJARAN UNIVERSITY EDUCATIONAL
TRIP AND
COMPANY VISIT
TO CLEAN
AUTHORITY OF
TOKYO
Page | 1
METROPOLITAN
GOVERNMENT
REPORT
PART 1
Marketing Analysis Report
1.1 Marketing Mix in Tokyo Market
A. Tsukiji Fish Market
Tsukiji Fish Market is located in Tsukiji area in Chuo district, Tokyo. This fish market is a wholesale center
for fishing stock of fish and agricultural products. Every single day, this market receives no less than
2,800 tons of fresh fish supplies from various fishing sites.
Not just anyone can see the fish auctions directly in Tsukiji fish market, only those who want to buy only
allowed to see the auction, it is previously caused by the number of tourists who come to visit but do
not make the purchase of fish and bother the direction of fresh fish into the tsukiji market.
Product
In its development, tsukiji
market not only serves as a fish
auction but also used as a place
to sell seafood products such as
crabs, octopus, clams, and
snacks such as chips and
smoked fish. In addition, the
tsukiji market is also provides
ready-to-eat foods such as
octopus, shellfish, crab, sushi,
and other product such as
washabi peanuts, grean tea
and japan typical salted fish.
Price
The
price
offered
on
processed
products
in
tsukiji market is
relatively cheap
for
tourists.
Prices of readyto-eat
food
products range
from 50 to 500
yen.
Place
The arrangement of
the auction places and
the tsukiji market is
very neat. Though it
sells seafood, it does
not smell fishy, muddy
and very clean. This
causes the tourists feel
comfortable
in
shopping at tsukiji
market
Promotion
tsukiji fish market is
very famous in the
world.
Not
surprisingly,
in
various travel sites,
tsukiji fish market
becomes one of the
highest
recommendations for
traveling as well as
culinary by tourists
who have visited
Tokyo.
B . Ameyoko Market Ueno
Ameyoko is the name of a region which is famous as Tokyo society kitchen. In this place foods
are sold at a cheap price. The name ameyoko taken from the American-yokocho or American
street, because in earlier time many products and people from US were passing around in this
place.
Product
In ameyo market
there are various
culinary
products
from
various
countries, clothing,
bags,
shoes,
accessories and toys
(anime).
Price
Prices in ameyo market is
relatively cheap and
become
the
main
destination of tourists who
want to find by typical
Japanese product with
affordable price.
Place
The place is very wide
and strategic. The
location that are close
to the station makes
this place are always
crowded by local and
foreign tourists.
Promotion
The ameyo market is
only open until 8 pm, so
during the day at the
ameyo market is very
crowded by visitors and
traders who compete
for consumers.
C. Ginza
Ginza is one of the most luxurious areas in the Tokyo area. In this area there are various
restaurants, department stores, boutiques, cafes. The most distinctive of the Ginza is there are luxury
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goods that have their own building buildings such as Abercrombie & Fitch, Louis Vuitton Gucci Chanel,
and Dior.
Product
Ginza
provides
restaurants,
department stores,
boutiques, cafes
with characteristics
of building that
owned / rented
individually
by
each luxury brand.
Price
As the center of
luxury goods,
products
in
Ginza are quite
expensive but
certain stores
provide tax-free
facilities that
can be use by
foreign tourists
by using a
passport.
Place
In its history, Ginza were
developed as the center of
moderation
that
made
western
a
benchmark.
Buildings in Ginza have
architectural designs such as
western model buildings as a
symbol of the progress of the
Japanese state.
Promotion
Ginza is one of the mustgo destinations for local
and overseas travelers and
has always been the
recommendation of the
traveler in various media.
There
are
many
Indonesian who are having
a holiday with their family
due to the easy to reach
place, branded products
and Car free day on
weekends.
4. Harajuku
Harajuku is the name of the area around the shibuya district. This place is one of the mostly
recommended place for the travelers while visiting Tokyo. In harajuku there are some famous stores
like Daiso and others. In addition, harajuku is often used for art performances in certain time.
Product
Harajuku is the
center of the
Japanese
mode
where
at
a
particular moment
often filled by
young people who
dressed uniquely
or cosplaying a
famous anime.
Price
In terms of price,
harajuku products are
relatively
more
expensive compared to
other shopping centers.
The place is crowded
and easy to reach
resulted in price slightly
above the place a less
strategic place
Place
Harajuku is a alley filled with
shops that sell clothes and
food for tourists. The main
uniqueness is at particular
time, harajuku is crowded by
people with a unique outfit.
In addition, harajuku is also
easily accessible because it is
close to the statue of hachiko
and shibuya station.
Promotion
The term harajuku
is very familiar in
Indonesia
with
harajuku style in
the form of a
combination
of
hairstyles
and
clothes that follow
the
trend
in
harajuku Tokyo.
1.2 PESTLE Analysis
Object : Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG)
A. Political
Tokyo is a prefecture consisting of 23 districts including Edogawa, Katsushika, Adachi, Nerima, Itabashi,
Arakawa, Kita, Toshima, Suginami, Setagaya, Shibuya, Nakano, Ota, Meguro, Shinaawa, Koto, Sumida,
Tito, Bunkyo, Shinjuku, Minato, Chuo, and Chiyoda.
Analysis:
In general, the departments at TMG are similar to the departmental division in Indonesian
local government, but TMG divides tasks and responsibilities in more detail, in addition, there are
some departments that may not be existed in Indonesia such as Central Wholesale Market, labor
relations commission and office of youth affairs and public Safety
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B. Economic
Tokyo is one of world financial centers which the urban area of had gross domestic product
of $ 1,191 trillion in 2005. In addition, 47 Tokyo-based companies are mentioned on the Fortune
Global 500 list. Some of which is Honda, Fuji, Sony, Toshiba and So on.
Analysis:
With 47 companies entering the Fortune 500 list, the economy in Japan especially Tokyo has
got a special place in the world, known as a technology center of electronic, medical and automotive
makes it easy for the Japanese government to attract the world to come to Japan, especially Tokyo to
conduct economic cooperation as well as Indonesia.
Besides, known as a technology center, Tokyo is also known as a shopping center both from
electronic goods, fashion, to its distinctive culinary. This attraction seems to be a magnet for tourists
to visit Japan especially Tokyo. Tourists from these countries directly improve the economy of Japan,
especially Tokyo and the surrounding area. This is supported by the management of markets and
excellent attractions of the Japanese government, especially Tokyo as well as the commitment to
apply tax-free thereby increasing the attractiveness of the original Japanese product products. Quality
product, competitive price with tax-free facility, strategic place and integrated with transportation as
well as promotion of word of mouth by the tourists who feel satisfied with the experience gained
during in Japan.
C. Social
The majority of the population in Tokyo is in a working age with the population is about 8.5
million or 71.4% of the total population, while the rest are categorized as children and oldster with
12% and 16.6% of the population.
Analysis:
Tokyo is dominated by the productive worker, so it is not difficult for the Japanese
Government, especially Tokyo to produce high quality products that can compete in the global market.
In addition, Japanese culture is known for its anime or cartoon culture. Anime as a Japanese culture
has spread to the whole world and consumed by children to adults. Similarly in Indonesia, most of the
children's entertainment comes from the creative industries / Japanese cinema.
D. Technological
Japan is well known for its sophistication in various industries, particularly industries related
to technologies such as electronics and automotive. Japan spent $ 130 billion USD on research
annually and has more than 677,731 researchers, which is the third largest world's largest research
and development budget.
Analysis:
Known as the center of advanced technology led Japan to have brand awareness as a country
producing high tech products, with good quality. This is certainly caused by the amount of budget that
is owned and allocated for the development of research-based technology. This needs to be adopted
by the state of Indonesia to increase the research budget, especially in the field of technology, so the
Indonesian local government is not only became a consumer of products of developed countries but
also produce their own products with high-quality standard by advanceed technology.
E. Legal
Japanese law basically adopted continental European law especially Germany. This is a
further impact of the Meiji restoration which began to make the western countris as a benchmark of
culture, weaponry and legal system. But in 1947 there was a revision that re-imposed the culture and
as well as local Japanese behavior in its legal system.
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Analysis:
The law in Japan is very strict, one of which is the recognition of death penalty for certain
criminals. In addition, although not officially regulated, morals become a standard that controls the
pattern of community life in Japan, the culture of feeling shame to do bad things and obedience to the
law resulted in crime rate in Japan became the lowest in the world. Similarly, the performance of the
police as quoted from the site of national geographic Indonesia, states that 98% of criminal cases
successfully resolved and 99% of perpetrators brought to court.
F. Environment
Japan is famous for its clean environment, although there are no trash cans in various centers
of the crowd, it is rare to find waste trash scattered on the street. Similarly in residential areas, each
house has its own waste and has divided its household waste based on the type of waste to facilitate
the waste officer in the separation for recycling or burning process. Japan also has several basic rule in
promoting a recycling based society.
Analysis:
Indonesia should follow Japan culture which is very concerned with the environment, ranging
from the manufacturing rule that regulate the exhaust gas or emissions both in vehicles and in
business practices in manufacture company.
1.3 Recommendations for government in Indonesia:
Based on the marketing analysis of several markets in Japan as well as PESTLE analysis of
Japanese government especially Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG), the authors propose some
recommendation to Indonesian government both at central and regional level to adopt well-implemented
things from Japan such as:
A. Management of Market
As one of the countries with the largest population in the world, the existence of the market
becomes one of the important things in supporting the needs of public consumption. Good market
management will increase the attractiveness for the community. Unfortunately the market in
Indonesia has not become the main destination of tourists to visit in Indonesia. Slum and overcrowded
market conditions, poor hygiene, less competitive prices and lack of promotion have resulted in
Indonesian products being not yet a priority for tourists in visiting Indonesia. Whereas when managed
properly, the market in Indonesia can be a global attraction because it can blow-up the local
uniqueness in each region in Indonesia as implemented in the Ameyo market, harajuku, Ginza, and
tsukiji. The Indonesian government should start thinking globally to market and display Indonesian
products not only to meet the needs of the surrounding community but also to attract the attention of
the global community.
B. Implementation of E Government in local government
Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) as the highest authority in Tokyo prefecture, has
implemented E government well. For example, all Tokyo-related information has been published on
the TMG’s website. In this case, each department outlines their strategies and reports periodically the
management of the Tokyo government. The report presented is available in various languages such as
Chinese and English, making it easier for the public to use the information in accordance with their
interests. It also shows that the Tokyo government has high accountability and transparency as well as
concern for the public interest. In this case, the Indonesian government can adopt the implementation
of E-government in Tokyo and apply it to the respective regional governments.
C. Development of Domestic Industry
Japan's domestic industry is highly developed, it is supported by a large budget in research
and development in the field of technology. This research and development should be a priority of the
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Indonesian government whose national industry is not well developed. The education budget of 20%
of the total APBN must be really focused to advance the technology in Indonesia so as to produce
products with high quality standard and competitive prices against global competition.
D. Environmental hygiene
The last point that is very important to marketing Indonesia is to show that Indonesia is a
cultured society, by showing the clean environment. Indonesia is often the spotlight of the world due
to flooding and environmental destruction that occurred in various regions in Indonesia. It needs a
change of mindset in environmental management so that people have shyness to pollute their
environment.
Part I Gallery :
Tsukiji Fish Market
Harajuku in Takashita Street
Night in Ginza
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PART II
Cross Cultural Analysis Report
2.1 Cross Cultural Analysis
A. Differences in Value, beliefs and policies
Tokyo residents of the majority are at the working age of 15-64 years. With high productivity
and work culture and its large per capita income, the people of Tokyo have a high purchasing power.
Based on interviews with Indonesian working in Tokyo, shopping is one of way to entertain and spend
their time. Moreover they also spent their time to gather with friends in the bar with a drink culture
after work and visit the shopping center on holiday.
In terms of food, Japanese people, especially in Tokyo, like to consume various types of fish and
other seafood products. However, recently, Japanese society believes that pork will nourish the body
and prolong the age, so today almost all of the food in Japan has a mixture of pigs. So for the Muslim
tourists need to care more in choosing foods that are allowed to eat.
In terms of automotive, not many Japanese residents have private vehicles, beside the high
taxes and high parking rates, the train transportation system in Japan especially Tokyo has passed all
districts with excellent management. In addition, Japanese residents have a habit of walking so they do
not require a private vehicle in accommodation from one location to another. This is certainly very
different from Indonesia that has been dense by Japanese-branded vehicles with low tax and parking
rates and public habits in cities that are reluctant to walk and use public transportation both because of
un-safety and un-comfort.
B. Acculturation process in Japan
Historically, during the Meiji reign, the Japanese legal orientation led to Europe continental,
thus indirectly acculturation of culture from Europe to the government and Japanese society, one of
them with the construction of European modeled buildings in Ginza as symbol of modernization that
refers to western countries.
Japanese culture is increasingly mixed with the culture of foreign culture, as seen in Harajuku as
a center of Japanese fashion that refers to western culture while Japanese culture in the form of
clothing is not widely used in daily life unless there are Cultural festivals or custom events during certain
seasons.
C. Japan World Brand
Tokyo is the base of the major technology companies in the world. they have many
multinational company that dominated electronic and automotive industry such as Toshiba, Panasonic,
Sony, Honda, Toyota, Mazda, Nisan, Suzuki especially in Indonesia.
The Japanese state has a very large budget in the development of its technology. To improve
efficiency. various products both automotive and electronics have done by robots and partly done by
low-cost Plant factories outside Japan such as china with the standardization of Japan quality.
With high quality standards and physical evidence that the Japan products have a high
durability with a relatively cheap price, Japanese automotive products have dominated the market and
left little space for the Indonesian automotive manufacturers and other countries to develop and
market their products. The price is affordable with a resilient brand image, durable, and cheap spare
parts make it unbeatable that indirectly complicate and increase barrier to new players to get into this
business
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2.1 Recommendations for the Government of Indonesia:
Based on a brief description of cross cultural analysis above, the authors provide recommendations to the
Indonesian government both central and local government:
A. Understanding consumer behavior of Indonesia
Understanding of consumption behavior is very important in determining the right strategy for
the achievement of organizational goals. It was pointed out above that Tokyo society has a very high
consumption behavior. To accommodate this, the Tokyo government divides the central shopping
center based on people's purchasing power such as Ginza to accommodate high-income, high-income
people. While the Ameyo Market to accommodate people from outside Tokyo and tourists with
middle income and purchasing power. In addition, because the Ameyo Market become a center of
local and foreign tourists visit, the Tokyo government built a station that connects Ueno with Narita
airport.
In terms of automotive, the Tokyo Government use the Japanese walking habits to build mass
transportation that connects the various districts and simultaneously controls the growth rate of
private vehicles so that traffic jam can be controlled. This should be imitated by the Indonesian
government to cultivate a healthy lifestyle and simultaneously build a convenient and efficient
transportation infrastructure so that congestion/traffic jam can be controlled while reducing the
impact of air pollution in Indonesia.
B. Managing cultural acculturation
The flow of foreign culture to Japan is very high, the Japanese government enterprising cultural
festivals to fortify the Japanese community from the adoption of excessive western culture. This
should be imitated by the Indonesian government that experienced similar problems that people are
easy to imitate the foreign culture and leave the culture or local wisdom.
C. Build a global national company
Given the fact that nearly 47 Tokyo-based companies entering the Fortune 500 list , Indonesia
Government should be motivated to take advantage of globalization and to expand national brand
marketing. As known, in dealing with globalization, Indonesia is more taking the position as a
consumer of the global product of other countries, Japan is the best example of it. To compete with
global company, Indonesia must build a national company with a global scale through increased
investment in technology to develop superior products of Indonesia and to be more efficient so they
can compete in terms of quality and price with other countries.
Trying Halal Ramen Shinjuku with Indonesia Citizen
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PART III
Company Visit analysis report
Adopting Tokyo Waste Management
3.1 Why cities in Japan is very clean?
As a losing country in World War II, Japan takes a lot of time to rise from adversity, which one of
them is a the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the nuclear bomb that became the end of
Japanese leadership in Asia. Until the 1960s, the Japanese rose to an industrialized country which was
focused on productivity and less concerned about environmental issues. One such case is water pollution
with mercury-containing wastes by the chisso Minamata plant which resulted in fish contaminated and
killed approximately 1.700 victims consisting of fisher and residents who consumed seafood from
contaminated sea. furthermore, as a developing industrial country, environmental pollution occur much,
not to mention the household waste problems.
In the mid-1970s it was only an environmentally-driven movement initiated by the Chinokikai
community in Japan that mobilized waste reduction, reuse and recycling programs. The program
developed and ultimately received the support of the Japanese government with legislation-oriented
recycling of wastes, one of them with the separation of the type of waste from the start of the household.
Not stop there, the Japanese government, especially Tokyo, built 19 waste treatment plants across the
district with details as follows:
Based on the above table, it is known that Shin koto inceneration plant is the largest waste
processing plant in the Tokyo area. . The Plant produces 50,000kw of energy used as vapor at Tatsumi,
Tokyo international swimming ground and as a hot water source (130 degrees Celsius) at Tokyo Sport
culture building.
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The information of Shin-kot Incineration plant according to its official webstes are as follows:
The Start
July, 1994
The completion
September, 1998
The Construction
Area
Approximately 61,000 square meters
The Cost Construction
87,900,003,001 1 million yen
Type of Incinerator
Takuma-type HN
Full continuance combustion
Fire grate Incinerator
Maximum heat capacity
13,400KJ/kg
Maximum waste capacity
1,800 tons/day
(600 tons *3)
Waste management in Japan are held by clean Authority of Tokyo which is special local
government which Tokyo's 23 wards established jointly to perform Waste management such as
Intermediate Processing such as Incineration or Pulverization of Waste and Disposal of night soil.
Based on our visit experience to the shin koto Incineration Plant, we found some surprising facts
such as:
1)
2)
3)
4)
The number of human resources employed in the shinkoto Plant is less than 60 employees, this
means that advanced technology in Japan leads to highly efficiency so it does not require a lot of
human resources, reduces salary burden, improves the quality of remuneration, Quality. Based on
direct observation on the process of waste management at the Plant is also known that the whole
machine is controlled by a computer that is supervise by some employees only.
The Plant assets on shin city incineration are well managed. The Plant building is about 20 years old
but has excellent condition and well maintained, as well as a highly maintained sewage treatment
machine. This condition can be achieved by routine maintenance of Plant machinery in accordance
with adequate Standard Operation Procedure (SOP). Based on Tokyo Clean authority official
website, the management of waste management in Tokyo publishes SOPs related to waste
management including one of the governance of buildings in the Tokyo Government.
The waste Plant in shin koto may not be what many people imagine as a dirty and smelly place. The
Shinkoto Inceneration is very clean and hallway in the office area is like the hallway of the hospital,
very clean and very neatly arranged. Although managed a wastes, none of the scattered rubbish
can be found in the Plant area.
Based on the official website of the Clean authority of Tokyo, the Shin Koto waste management
plant provides the widest opportunity for both Japanese and foreign citizens to visit and tour the
whole process of waste management directly and routinely invite school children to learn to
manage the waste Good and socialize the implementation of 3R (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle) so as to
nurture the understanding and care of the young generation in protecting the environment since
childhood.
The process of waste management at shin koto Plant is shown in the following figure:
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The picture above describes the process of waste management with the following process details:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
The first process in waste processing is the selection of types of waste to be processed. In this case
Shin koto incineration plant is a processing plant from household and restaurant waste such as
food scraps, diapers, paper or boxes of plastic trash purchases, and so on. This separation is done
by each household producing the waste with awareness to minimize waste production by applying
reduce, reuse and recycle,
Household waste that has been selected and then transported from various areas in Tokyo to be
accommodated in waste bins (waste pit) after previously weighed first;
Piles of waste in waste bunker then transported using a crane and moved the kiln with a
temperature of 800 degrees Celsius. The air or gas generated from the waste pile will be used as a
gas for incinerator combustion while the ash in the underlayer of the spinning will be used as a
cement-making material and partly sent to the land disposal site;
The steam from waste-burning heat is then managed for later use as a heat energy supplement for
power generation;
Dust or ash mixed with toxic gases is then channeled to a cooling tower to reduce heat to 150
degrees Celsius to prevent dioxin decomposition;
Once cooled, the airflow is then supplied to the filter bag to filter smoke, dust, dioxin, mercury,
hydrogen, chloride, and sulfur. The remainder of the ash and smoke will be sent to land disposal
sites;
The result of filtered air is then supplied to the gas scrubber. At this stage, the air is cleaned by
using water and chemicals to remove mercury, hydrogen, chloride, and sulfur. The water use to
treatment air will be treated and channeled to the disposal;
After cleaning by using water and chemicals, the next step is decomposition of dioxin and nitrogen
oxides in exhaust using catalyst then air that has been free from dangerous substances flowed into
the chimney to then released into the outside air.
3.2 Recommendations for governments in Indonesia
Indonesia with a population of 220 million certainly has problems in the waste management. For
example, Jakarta produces about 6,000 to 6,500 tons of waste per day. While on the Bali island, as one of
the central tourist visits Indonesia, produces waste to 10,725 tons per day. This is due to the lack of
understanding about environmental sustainability and the implementation of the concept of reduce,
reuse, and recycle so that household waste becomes very much. While the current management of newly
is establish the waste shelters (TPS) which later became a source of disease and led to the surrounding
slum settlement.
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Until now, the Indonesian government does not have industrial waste-processing Plant, waste
processing is still home scale and on the initiative of each community. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary
to implement waste processing starting from the separation of waste materials in household
environment, RT, RW and village to recycling process based on application on shin Koto incineration plan
can yield benefit in the form of waste material which can be used as material of cement and asphalt . In
addition, in terms of electricity, the waste Plant can be one source of electricity with heat power and be
an alternative to the use of non-renewable energy such as oil and coal.
Construction of waste-processing plant in the regions in Indonesia requires a budget that is not
small, taking the example of Jakarta, at least it needs four waste factories with a capacity of 1,800 tons
per day. However, this waste Plant can also generate an additional income by local government by selling
heat energy for power generation needs or the use of waste materials or recycled products as a mixture
of cement or asphalt material. This can be an alternative to the development of Indonesia's infrastructure
which is being intensively conducted by President Joko Widodo through the use of materials derived from
cement and asphalt combustion which can be integrated with state-owned or regional enterprises and
with the use of renewable energy derived from heat Produced in the burning of garbage as applied in Shin
koto incineration Tokyo.
In addition, the construction of a waste Plant is a final solution for waste management, and it is
also necessary to promote the principle of reducing, reuse and recycle (3R) to the community from an
early age through school and community health centers. Moreover, it required central and local
government regulations to regulate the use of product packaging that have to able to be recycled
One of the city in Indonesia which began to impose the local regulations related to waste is the
city of Bandung. The city of Bandung imposed the rules that began to restrict the use of styrofoam due to
the absence of a waste treatment plant for styrofoam in Indonesia, as well as the fact that there is still a
low awareness of the community to dispose of waste in its place so that styrofoam waste t can lead to
flood disaster.
In Indonesia, there are government regulations, namely Government Regulation No. 81 of 2012
which regulates the management of household waste and household waste. This type of waste is waste
managed by Shin Koto Incineration Plant in Tokyo. Household waste is waste derived from daily activities
in households excluding stools and specific waste. While the type of waste is waste originating from
commercial areas, industries, public facilities, social and other facilities. Seeing the size of the population
in Indonesia then this type of waste could be the largest composition of waste in Indonesia.
In this regulation also explains the master plan of waste management in Indonesia which includes:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
Limitation of waste generation
Recycle
Reuse of waste
Sorting waste
Waste collection
Waste transport
Waste processing
Waste dumping
And funding related to waste management
This plan is divided into two, namely, waste reduction and waste management. Waste reduction is
done by limiting waste generation, recycling and waste reuse, while waste management consists of
sorting, collecting, transporting, processing and processing of waste.
In brief, this regulation has covered all aspects of waste management, but in reality this regulation
is not run by related parties such as households and others. For example, in terms of waste segregation,
this regulation regulates the sorting of waste and distinguishes it in 5 types of waste such as:
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1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Waste with hazardous and toxic materials
Rubbish that is easy to decompose
Reusable waste
Recyclable waste
As well as other waste bins
In reality, household waste is not disaggregated and incorporated regardless of its type, making it
difficult for recycling, and processing by waste management officers. This is due to the lack of socialization
from the central and local governments on the process of waste management when this government
regulation has been 5 years mandated after its publication and the facilities provided by the local
government are very rare, in fact in article 17 PP No. 81 2012 said that the district / city government
provides District-scale waste disposal facility and article 18 which explains that the residential,
commercial, industrial, special area, public and social management areas are required to provide TPS, TPS
3R and collecting equipment for disaggregated waste that meet the following conditions:
1) There are 5 types of waste grouping
2) Location and capacity as needed
3) Easily accessible locations
4) Does not pollute the environment
5) There is a collection and transport schedule
This directly illustrates the lack of commitment and priority of local governments in implementing
the government's mandate by not providing the facility facilities in the settlementt, industrial, commercial
and public and social facilities.
In addition to government regulations, the Indonesian government also have the Indonesian
National Standards (SNI) in waste management issued by the National Standardization Agency (BSN) with
SNI Number 3242: 2008 on waste management of settlements. This standard contains the requirements
and management of urban settlement waste for non B3 domestic and domestic B3 waste types
(households) by applying 3R starting from the activities in the source of waste to Waste Disposal (TPS).
Requirements in waste management are divided into general and technical requirements. General
requirements include legal, institutional, operational, financing, community participation aspects. While
the technical requirement in the form of planning data, calculation of the amount of waste that will be
managed, management classification and building type and TPS, Certification of equipment and building,
and planning aspect.
Noteworthy in this SNI is the existence of community participation as one of the general
requirements of compliance standards consisting of:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Doing waste sorting at source
Conducting 3R based waste management
The obligation to pay contributions or levies
Fulfillment of defined waste disposal rules
Participation in maintaining the environment
And play an active role in the socialization of environmental waste management.
Based on this, community participation becomes an important factor in the realization of nationalscale waste management by the full awareness of the community through interesting and effective
education and socialization to instill awareness for the community. While in fulfillment of technical
requirement, one of them consists of aspect of planning data which contains the following matter:
1) Map of home distribution;
2) Area of managed area;
3) Population based on high, medium, and low income classification;
4) Number of houses by type;
5) the amount of waste per day;
6) Number of public facility buildings;
7) Road conditions (length, width and physical condition);
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8) Topographic and environmental conditions;
9) Availability of land for TPS sites and environmental waste recycling
10) Characteristics of waste
And the determination of the amount of waste managed include:
1)
2)
3)
Total population
Sources of waste (shops / small markets, hospitals, roads / canals, parks, places of worship, etc.),
Large amount of waste per each source of waste
Based on this explanation, in waste management, there are many inaccuracy in the determination
of technical standards of waste management such as the area managed that exceeds the standard so that
the waste accumulates due to insufficient capacity, the error in determining the amount of waste in the
source of waste such as the market so that at the end of selling the waste in market Often piled up and
scattered on the streets due to the waste basin load that is not up to standard. Therefore, a common
commitment is required to implement government regulations to create residential, industrial,
commercial, public and social-friendly areas.
In Practice, the Government of Tokyo and Indonesia have conducted international business
collaboration through investigation of the implementation of 3R, especially in DKI Jakarta area as the
capital of the country and the business center of Indonesia which became the object in the
implementation of waste management especially related to the handling of waste that is more abundant
due to the urbanization that developed with Very massive and became very serious issues. This
collaboration is conducted by conducting exchanges including training and workshops taking place in
Jakarta and in Tokyo. This collaboration is an initiation of the living ministry and the Clean Authority of
TOKYO. This collaboration resulted in a Letter of Intent containing an agreement between the two parties
regarding the awareness of the importance of sharing issues in promoting good solid waste management
as well as the exchange of information between the two parties as well as the joint efforts of realizing HR
exchanges related to municipal solid waste management as a form of technical cooperation in the future.
This cooperation should be developed not only in the exchange of human resources but also the
technology transfer cooperation in efficient solid waste management and generating economic benefits
for the surrounding community. This cooperation also needs to be expanded not only in DKI Jakarta but
also in other city like Surabaya, Bandung, Makassar because the problem of waste management become
problem in all area.
PART 3 Gallery
Waste Processing presentation in Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
| 13
Waste Processing Diorama in Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
References :
Waste Report 2017. Clean Authority of Tokyo
PP 81 tahun 2012
SNI 3242:2008
www.olahsampah.com
www. Metro.tokyo.jp
www.britanica.com
www.infojepang.net
http://nationalgeographic.co.id/berita/2016/08/mengapa-tingkat-kriminalitas-jepang-terendah-di-dunia
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Japanese-law
https://www.forbes.com/sites/eamonnfingleton/2015/11/22/it-is-japan-not-the-u-s-that-leads-in-serioustechnology-says-top-reagan-technology-advisor/#7747341d4023
| 14
NIM 120820160061
MASTER OF MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL
PADJADJARAN UNIVERSITY EDUCATIONAL
TRIP AND
COMPANY VISIT
TO CLEAN
AUTHORITY OF
TOKYO
Page | 1
METROPOLITAN
GOVERNMENT
REPORT
PART 1
Marketing Analysis Report
1.1 Marketing Mix in Tokyo Market
A. Tsukiji Fish Market
Tsukiji Fish Market is located in Tsukiji area in Chuo district, Tokyo. This fish market is a wholesale center
for fishing stock of fish and agricultural products. Every single day, this market receives no less than
2,800 tons of fresh fish supplies from various fishing sites.
Not just anyone can see the fish auctions directly in Tsukiji fish market, only those who want to buy only
allowed to see the auction, it is previously caused by the number of tourists who come to visit but do
not make the purchase of fish and bother the direction of fresh fish into the tsukiji market.
Product
In its development, tsukiji
market not only serves as a fish
auction but also used as a place
to sell seafood products such as
crabs, octopus, clams, and
snacks such as chips and
smoked fish. In addition, the
tsukiji market is also provides
ready-to-eat foods such as
octopus, shellfish, crab, sushi,
and other product such as
washabi peanuts, grean tea
and japan typical salted fish.
Price
The
price
offered
on
processed
products
in
tsukiji market is
relatively cheap
for
tourists.
Prices of readyto-eat
food
products range
from 50 to 500
yen.
Place
The arrangement of
the auction places and
the tsukiji market is
very neat. Though it
sells seafood, it does
not smell fishy, muddy
and very clean. This
causes the tourists feel
comfortable
in
shopping at tsukiji
market
Promotion
tsukiji fish market is
very famous in the
world.
Not
surprisingly,
in
various travel sites,
tsukiji fish market
becomes one of the
highest
recommendations for
traveling as well as
culinary by tourists
who have visited
Tokyo.
B . Ameyoko Market Ueno
Ameyoko is the name of a region which is famous as Tokyo society kitchen. In this place foods
are sold at a cheap price. The name ameyoko taken from the American-yokocho or American
street, because in earlier time many products and people from US were passing around in this
place.
Product
In ameyo market
there are various
culinary
products
from
various
countries, clothing,
bags,
shoes,
accessories and toys
(anime).
Price
Prices in ameyo market is
relatively cheap and
become
the
main
destination of tourists who
want to find by typical
Japanese product with
affordable price.
Place
The place is very wide
and strategic. The
location that are close
to the station makes
this place are always
crowded by local and
foreign tourists.
Promotion
The ameyo market is
only open until 8 pm, so
during the day at the
ameyo market is very
crowded by visitors and
traders who compete
for consumers.
C. Ginza
Ginza is one of the most luxurious areas in the Tokyo area. In this area there are various
restaurants, department stores, boutiques, cafes. The most distinctive of the Ginza is there are luxury
| 1
goods that have their own building buildings such as Abercrombie & Fitch, Louis Vuitton Gucci Chanel,
and Dior.
Product
Ginza
provides
restaurants,
department stores,
boutiques, cafes
with characteristics
of building that
owned / rented
individually
by
each luxury brand.
Price
As the center of
luxury goods,
products
in
Ginza are quite
expensive but
certain stores
provide tax-free
facilities that
can be use by
foreign tourists
by using a
passport.
Place
In its history, Ginza were
developed as the center of
moderation
that
made
western
a
benchmark.
Buildings in Ginza have
architectural designs such as
western model buildings as a
symbol of the progress of the
Japanese state.
Promotion
Ginza is one of the mustgo destinations for local
and overseas travelers and
has always been the
recommendation of the
traveler in various media.
There
are
many
Indonesian who are having
a holiday with their family
due to the easy to reach
place, branded products
and Car free day on
weekends.
4. Harajuku
Harajuku is the name of the area around the shibuya district. This place is one of the mostly
recommended place for the travelers while visiting Tokyo. In harajuku there are some famous stores
like Daiso and others. In addition, harajuku is often used for art performances in certain time.
Product
Harajuku is the
center of the
Japanese
mode
where
at
a
particular moment
often filled by
young people who
dressed uniquely
or cosplaying a
famous anime.
Price
In terms of price,
harajuku products are
relatively
more
expensive compared to
other shopping centers.
The place is crowded
and easy to reach
resulted in price slightly
above the place a less
strategic place
Place
Harajuku is a alley filled with
shops that sell clothes and
food for tourists. The main
uniqueness is at particular
time, harajuku is crowded by
people with a unique outfit.
In addition, harajuku is also
easily accessible because it is
close to the statue of hachiko
and shibuya station.
Promotion
The term harajuku
is very familiar in
Indonesia
with
harajuku style in
the form of a
combination
of
hairstyles
and
clothes that follow
the
trend
in
harajuku Tokyo.
1.2 PESTLE Analysis
Object : Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG)
A. Political
Tokyo is a prefecture consisting of 23 districts including Edogawa, Katsushika, Adachi, Nerima, Itabashi,
Arakawa, Kita, Toshima, Suginami, Setagaya, Shibuya, Nakano, Ota, Meguro, Shinaawa, Koto, Sumida,
Tito, Bunkyo, Shinjuku, Minato, Chuo, and Chiyoda.
Analysis:
In general, the departments at TMG are similar to the departmental division in Indonesian
local government, but TMG divides tasks and responsibilities in more detail, in addition, there are
some departments that may not be existed in Indonesia such as Central Wholesale Market, labor
relations commission and office of youth affairs and public Safety
| 2
B. Economic
Tokyo is one of world financial centers which the urban area of had gross domestic product
of $ 1,191 trillion in 2005. In addition, 47 Tokyo-based companies are mentioned on the Fortune
Global 500 list. Some of which is Honda, Fuji, Sony, Toshiba and So on.
Analysis:
With 47 companies entering the Fortune 500 list, the economy in Japan especially Tokyo has
got a special place in the world, known as a technology center of electronic, medical and automotive
makes it easy for the Japanese government to attract the world to come to Japan, especially Tokyo to
conduct economic cooperation as well as Indonesia.
Besides, known as a technology center, Tokyo is also known as a shopping center both from
electronic goods, fashion, to its distinctive culinary. This attraction seems to be a magnet for tourists
to visit Japan especially Tokyo. Tourists from these countries directly improve the economy of Japan,
especially Tokyo and the surrounding area. This is supported by the management of markets and
excellent attractions of the Japanese government, especially Tokyo as well as the commitment to
apply tax-free thereby increasing the attractiveness of the original Japanese product products. Quality
product, competitive price with tax-free facility, strategic place and integrated with transportation as
well as promotion of word of mouth by the tourists who feel satisfied with the experience gained
during in Japan.
C. Social
The majority of the population in Tokyo is in a working age with the population is about 8.5
million or 71.4% of the total population, while the rest are categorized as children and oldster with
12% and 16.6% of the population.
Analysis:
Tokyo is dominated by the productive worker, so it is not difficult for the Japanese
Government, especially Tokyo to produce high quality products that can compete in the global market.
In addition, Japanese culture is known for its anime or cartoon culture. Anime as a Japanese culture
has spread to the whole world and consumed by children to adults. Similarly in Indonesia, most of the
children's entertainment comes from the creative industries / Japanese cinema.
D. Technological
Japan is well known for its sophistication in various industries, particularly industries related
to technologies such as electronics and automotive. Japan spent $ 130 billion USD on research
annually and has more than 677,731 researchers, which is the third largest world's largest research
and development budget.
Analysis:
Known as the center of advanced technology led Japan to have brand awareness as a country
producing high tech products, with good quality. This is certainly caused by the amount of budget that
is owned and allocated for the development of research-based technology. This needs to be adopted
by the state of Indonesia to increase the research budget, especially in the field of technology, so the
Indonesian local government is not only became a consumer of products of developed countries but
also produce their own products with high-quality standard by advanceed technology.
E. Legal
Japanese law basically adopted continental European law especially Germany. This is a
further impact of the Meiji restoration which began to make the western countris as a benchmark of
culture, weaponry and legal system. But in 1947 there was a revision that re-imposed the culture and
as well as local Japanese behavior in its legal system.
| 3
Analysis:
The law in Japan is very strict, one of which is the recognition of death penalty for certain
criminals. In addition, although not officially regulated, morals become a standard that controls the
pattern of community life in Japan, the culture of feeling shame to do bad things and obedience to the
law resulted in crime rate in Japan became the lowest in the world. Similarly, the performance of the
police as quoted from the site of national geographic Indonesia, states that 98% of criminal cases
successfully resolved and 99% of perpetrators brought to court.
F. Environment
Japan is famous for its clean environment, although there are no trash cans in various centers
of the crowd, it is rare to find waste trash scattered on the street. Similarly in residential areas, each
house has its own waste and has divided its household waste based on the type of waste to facilitate
the waste officer in the separation for recycling or burning process. Japan also has several basic rule in
promoting a recycling based society.
Analysis:
Indonesia should follow Japan culture which is very concerned with the environment, ranging
from the manufacturing rule that regulate the exhaust gas or emissions both in vehicles and in
business practices in manufacture company.
1.3 Recommendations for government in Indonesia:
Based on the marketing analysis of several markets in Japan as well as PESTLE analysis of
Japanese government especially Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG), the authors propose some
recommendation to Indonesian government both at central and regional level to adopt well-implemented
things from Japan such as:
A. Management of Market
As one of the countries with the largest population in the world, the existence of the market
becomes one of the important things in supporting the needs of public consumption. Good market
management will increase the attractiveness for the community. Unfortunately the market in
Indonesia has not become the main destination of tourists to visit in Indonesia. Slum and overcrowded
market conditions, poor hygiene, less competitive prices and lack of promotion have resulted in
Indonesian products being not yet a priority for tourists in visiting Indonesia. Whereas when managed
properly, the market in Indonesia can be a global attraction because it can blow-up the local
uniqueness in each region in Indonesia as implemented in the Ameyo market, harajuku, Ginza, and
tsukiji. The Indonesian government should start thinking globally to market and display Indonesian
products not only to meet the needs of the surrounding community but also to attract the attention of
the global community.
B. Implementation of E Government in local government
Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) as the highest authority in Tokyo prefecture, has
implemented E government well. For example, all Tokyo-related information has been published on
the TMG’s website. In this case, each department outlines their strategies and reports periodically the
management of the Tokyo government. The report presented is available in various languages such as
Chinese and English, making it easier for the public to use the information in accordance with their
interests. It also shows that the Tokyo government has high accountability and transparency as well as
concern for the public interest. In this case, the Indonesian government can adopt the implementation
of E-government in Tokyo and apply it to the respective regional governments.
C. Development of Domestic Industry
Japan's domestic industry is highly developed, it is supported by a large budget in research
and development in the field of technology. This research and development should be a priority of the
| 4
Indonesian government whose national industry is not well developed. The education budget of 20%
of the total APBN must be really focused to advance the technology in Indonesia so as to produce
products with high quality standard and competitive prices against global competition.
D. Environmental hygiene
The last point that is very important to marketing Indonesia is to show that Indonesia is a
cultured society, by showing the clean environment. Indonesia is often the spotlight of the world due
to flooding and environmental destruction that occurred in various regions in Indonesia. It needs a
change of mindset in environmental management so that people have shyness to pollute their
environment.
Part I Gallery :
Tsukiji Fish Market
Harajuku in Takashita Street
Night in Ginza
| 5
PART II
Cross Cultural Analysis Report
2.1 Cross Cultural Analysis
A. Differences in Value, beliefs and policies
Tokyo residents of the majority are at the working age of 15-64 years. With high productivity
and work culture and its large per capita income, the people of Tokyo have a high purchasing power.
Based on interviews with Indonesian working in Tokyo, shopping is one of way to entertain and spend
their time. Moreover they also spent their time to gather with friends in the bar with a drink culture
after work and visit the shopping center on holiday.
In terms of food, Japanese people, especially in Tokyo, like to consume various types of fish and
other seafood products. However, recently, Japanese society believes that pork will nourish the body
and prolong the age, so today almost all of the food in Japan has a mixture of pigs. So for the Muslim
tourists need to care more in choosing foods that are allowed to eat.
In terms of automotive, not many Japanese residents have private vehicles, beside the high
taxes and high parking rates, the train transportation system in Japan especially Tokyo has passed all
districts with excellent management. In addition, Japanese residents have a habit of walking so they do
not require a private vehicle in accommodation from one location to another. This is certainly very
different from Indonesia that has been dense by Japanese-branded vehicles with low tax and parking
rates and public habits in cities that are reluctant to walk and use public transportation both because of
un-safety and un-comfort.
B. Acculturation process in Japan
Historically, during the Meiji reign, the Japanese legal orientation led to Europe continental,
thus indirectly acculturation of culture from Europe to the government and Japanese society, one of
them with the construction of European modeled buildings in Ginza as symbol of modernization that
refers to western countries.
Japanese culture is increasingly mixed with the culture of foreign culture, as seen in Harajuku as
a center of Japanese fashion that refers to western culture while Japanese culture in the form of
clothing is not widely used in daily life unless there are Cultural festivals or custom events during certain
seasons.
C. Japan World Brand
Tokyo is the base of the major technology companies in the world. they have many
multinational company that dominated electronic and automotive industry such as Toshiba, Panasonic,
Sony, Honda, Toyota, Mazda, Nisan, Suzuki especially in Indonesia.
The Japanese state has a very large budget in the development of its technology. To improve
efficiency. various products both automotive and electronics have done by robots and partly done by
low-cost Plant factories outside Japan such as china with the standardization of Japan quality.
With high quality standards and physical evidence that the Japan products have a high
durability with a relatively cheap price, Japanese automotive products have dominated the market and
left little space for the Indonesian automotive manufacturers and other countries to develop and
market their products. The price is affordable with a resilient brand image, durable, and cheap spare
parts make it unbeatable that indirectly complicate and increase barrier to new players to get into this
business
| 6
2.1 Recommendations for the Government of Indonesia:
Based on a brief description of cross cultural analysis above, the authors provide recommendations to the
Indonesian government both central and local government:
A. Understanding consumer behavior of Indonesia
Understanding of consumption behavior is very important in determining the right strategy for
the achievement of organizational goals. It was pointed out above that Tokyo society has a very high
consumption behavior. To accommodate this, the Tokyo government divides the central shopping
center based on people's purchasing power such as Ginza to accommodate high-income, high-income
people. While the Ameyo Market to accommodate people from outside Tokyo and tourists with
middle income and purchasing power. In addition, because the Ameyo Market become a center of
local and foreign tourists visit, the Tokyo government built a station that connects Ueno with Narita
airport.
In terms of automotive, the Tokyo Government use the Japanese walking habits to build mass
transportation that connects the various districts and simultaneously controls the growth rate of
private vehicles so that traffic jam can be controlled. This should be imitated by the Indonesian
government to cultivate a healthy lifestyle and simultaneously build a convenient and efficient
transportation infrastructure so that congestion/traffic jam can be controlled while reducing the
impact of air pollution in Indonesia.
B. Managing cultural acculturation
The flow of foreign culture to Japan is very high, the Japanese government enterprising cultural
festivals to fortify the Japanese community from the adoption of excessive western culture. This
should be imitated by the Indonesian government that experienced similar problems that people are
easy to imitate the foreign culture and leave the culture or local wisdom.
C. Build a global national company
Given the fact that nearly 47 Tokyo-based companies entering the Fortune 500 list , Indonesia
Government should be motivated to take advantage of globalization and to expand national brand
marketing. As known, in dealing with globalization, Indonesia is more taking the position as a
consumer of the global product of other countries, Japan is the best example of it. To compete with
global company, Indonesia must build a national company with a global scale through increased
investment in technology to develop superior products of Indonesia and to be more efficient so they
can compete in terms of quality and price with other countries.
Trying Halal Ramen Shinjuku with Indonesia Citizen
| 7
PART III
Company Visit analysis report
Adopting Tokyo Waste Management
3.1 Why cities in Japan is very clean?
As a losing country in World War II, Japan takes a lot of time to rise from adversity, which one of
them is a the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the nuclear bomb that became the end of
Japanese leadership in Asia. Until the 1960s, the Japanese rose to an industrialized country which was
focused on productivity and less concerned about environmental issues. One such case is water pollution
with mercury-containing wastes by the chisso Minamata plant which resulted in fish contaminated and
killed approximately 1.700 victims consisting of fisher and residents who consumed seafood from
contaminated sea. furthermore, as a developing industrial country, environmental pollution occur much,
not to mention the household waste problems.
In the mid-1970s it was only an environmentally-driven movement initiated by the Chinokikai
community in Japan that mobilized waste reduction, reuse and recycling programs. The program
developed and ultimately received the support of the Japanese government with legislation-oriented
recycling of wastes, one of them with the separation of the type of waste from the start of the household.
Not stop there, the Japanese government, especially Tokyo, built 19 waste treatment plants across the
district with details as follows:
Based on the above table, it is known that Shin koto inceneration plant is the largest waste
processing plant in the Tokyo area. . The Plant produces 50,000kw of energy used as vapor at Tatsumi,
Tokyo international swimming ground and as a hot water source (130 degrees Celsius) at Tokyo Sport
culture building.
| 8
The information of Shin-kot Incineration plant according to its official webstes are as follows:
The Start
July, 1994
The completion
September, 1998
The Construction
Area
Approximately 61,000 square meters
The Cost Construction
87,900,003,001 1 million yen
Type of Incinerator
Takuma-type HN
Full continuance combustion
Fire grate Incinerator
Maximum heat capacity
13,400KJ/kg
Maximum waste capacity
1,800 tons/day
(600 tons *3)
Waste management in Japan are held by clean Authority of Tokyo which is special local
government which Tokyo's 23 wards established jointly to perform Waste management such as
Intermediate Processing such as Incineration or Pulverization of Waste and Disposal of night soil.
Based on our visit experience to the shin koto Incineration Plant, we found some surprising facts
such as:
1)
2)
3)
4)
The number of human resources employed in the shinkoto Plant is less than 60 employees, this
means that advanced technology in Japan leads to highly efficiency so it does not require a lot of
human resources, reduces salary burden, improves the quality of remuneration, Quality. Based on
direct observation on the process of waste management at the Plant is also known that the whole
machine is controlled by a computer that is supervise by some employees only.
The Plant assets on shin city incineration are well managed. The Plant building is about 20 years old
but has excellent condition and well maintained, as well as a highly maintained sewage treatment
machine. This condition can be achieved by routine maintenance of Plant machinery in accordance
with adequate Standard Operation Procedure (SOP). Based on Tokyo Clean authority official
website, the management of waste management in Tokyo publishes SOPs related to waste
management including one of the governance of buildings in the Tokyo Government.
The waste Plant in shin koto may not be what many people imagine as a dirty and smelly place. The
Shinkoto Inceneration is very clean and hallway in the office area is like the hallway of the hospital,
very clean and very neatly arranged. Although managed a wastes, none of the scattered rubbish
can be found in the Plant area.
Based on the official website of the Clean authority of Tokyo, the Shin Koto waste management
plant provides the widest opportunity for both Japanese and foreign citizens to visit and tour the
whole process of waste management directly and routinely invite school children to learn to
manage the waste Good and socialize the implementation of 3R (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle) so as to
nurture the understanding and care of the young generation in protecting the environment since
childhood.
The process of waste management at shin koto Plant is shown in the following figure:
| 9
The picture above describes the process of waste management with the following process details:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
The first process in waste processing is the selection of types of waste to be processed. In this case
Shin koto incineration plant is a processing plant from household and restaurant waste such as
food scraps, diapers, paper or boxes of plastic trash purchases, and so on. This separation is done
by each household producing the waste with awareness to minimize waste production by applying
reduce, reuse and recycle,
Household waste that has been selected and then transported from various areas in Tokyo to be
accommodated in waste bins (waste pit) after previously weighed first;
Piles of waste in waste bunker then transported using a crane and moved the kiln with a
temperature of 800 degrees Celsius. The air or gas generated from the waste pile will be used as a
gas for incinerator combustion while the ash in the underlayer of the spinning will be used as a
cement-making material and partly sent to the land disposal site;
The steam from waste-burning heat is then managed for later use as a heat energy supplement for
power generation;
Dust or ash mixed with toxic gases is then channeled to a cooling tower to reduce heat to 150
degrees Celsius to prevent dioxin decomposition;
Once cooled, the airflow is then supplied to the filter bag to filter smoke, dust, dioxin, mercury,
hydrogen, chloride, and sulfur. The remainder of the ash and smoke will be sent to land disposal
sites;
The result of filtered air is then supplied to the gas scrubber. At this stage, the air is cleaned by
using water and chemicals to remove mercury, hydrogen, chloride, and sulfur. The water use to
treatment air will be treated and channeled to the disposal;
After cleaning by using water and chemicals, the next step is decomposition of dioxin and nitrogen
oxides in exhaust using catalyst then air that has been free from dangerous substances flowed into
the chimney to then released into the outside air.
3.2 Recommendations for governments in Indonesia
Indonesia with a population of 220 million certainly has problems in the waste management. For
example, Jakarta produces about 6,000 to 6,500 tons of waste per day. While on the Bali island, as one of
the central tourist visits Indonesia, produces waste to 10,725 tons per day. This is due to the lack of
understanding about environmental sustainability and the implementation of the concept of reduce,
reuse, and recycle so that household waste becomes very much. While the current management of newly
is establish the waste shelters (TPS) which later became a source of disease and led to the surrounding
slum settlement.
| 10
Until now, the Indonesian government does not have industrial waste-processing Plant, waste
processing is still home scale and on the initiative of each community. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary
to implement waste processing starting from the separation of waste materials in household
environment, RT, RW and village to recycling process based on application on shin Koto incineration plan
can yield benefit in the form of waste material which can be used as material of cement and asphalt . In
addition, in terms of electricity, the waste Plant can be one source of electricity with heat power and be
an alternative to the use of non-renewable energy such as oil and coal.
Construction of waste-processing plant in the regions in Indonesia requires a budget that is not
small, taking the example of Jakarta, at least it needs four waste factories with a capacity of 1,800 tons
per day. However, this waste Plant can also generate an additional income by local government by selling
heat energy for power generation needs or the use of waste materials or recycled products as a mixture
of cement or asphalt material. This can be an alternative to the development of Indonesia's infrastructure
which is being intensively conducted by President Joko Widodo through the use of materials derived from
cement and asphalt combustion which can be integrated with state-owned or regional enterprises and
with the use of renewable energy derived from heat Produced in the burning of garbage as applied in Shin
koto incineration Tokyo.
In addition, the construction of a waste Plant is a final solution for waste management, and it is
also necessary to promote the principle of reducing, reuse and recycle (3R) to the community from an
early age through school and community health centers. Moreover, it required central and local
government regulations to regulate the use of product packaging that have to able to be recycled
One of the city in Indonesia which began to impose the local regulations related to waste is the
city of Bandung. The city of Bandung imposed the rules that began to restrict the use of styrofoam due to
the absence of a waste treatment plant for styrofoam in Indonesia, as well as the fact that there is still a
low awareness of the community to dispose of waste in its place so that styrofoam waste t can lead to
flood disaster.
In Indonesia, there are government regulations, namely Government Regulation No. 81 of 2012
which regulates the management of household waste and household waste. This type of waste is waste
managed by Shin Koto Incineration Plant in Tokyo. Household waste is waste derived from daily activities
in households excluding stools and specific waste. While the type of waste is waste originating from
commercial areas, industries, public facilities, social and other facilities. Seeing the size of the population
in Indonesia then this type of waste could be the largest composition of waste in Indonesia.
In this regulation also explains the master plan of waste management in Indonesia which includes:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
Limitation of waste generation
Recycle
Reuse of waste
Sorting waste
Waste collection
Waste transport
Waste processing
Waste dumping
And funding related to waste management
This plan is divided into two, namely, waste reduction and waste management. Waste reduction is
done by limiting waste generation, recycling and waste reuse, while waste management consists of
sorting, collecting, transporting, processing and processing of waste.
In brief, this regulation has covered all aspects of waste management, but in reality this regulation
is not run by related parties such as households and others. For example, in terms of waste segregation,
this regulation regulates the sorting of waste and distinguishes it in 5 types of waste such as:
| 11
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Waste with hazardous and toxic materials
Rubbish that is easy to decompose
Reusable waste
Recyclable waste
As well as other waste bins
In reality, household waste is not disaggregated and incorporated regardless of its type, making it
difficult for recycling, and processing by waste management officers. This is due to the lack of socialization
from the central and local governments on the process of waste management when this government
regulation has been 5 years mandated after its publication and the facilities provided by the local
government are very rare, in fact in article 17 PP No. 81 2012 said that the district / city government
provides District-scale waste disposal facility and article 18 which explains that the residential,
commercial, industrial, special area, public and social management areas are required to provide TPS, TPS
3R and collecting equipment for disaggregated waste that meet the following conditions:
1) There are 5 types of waste grouping
2) Location and capacity as needed
3) Easily accessible locations
4) Does not pollute the environment
5) There is a collection and transport schedule
This directly illustrates the lack of commitment and priority of local governments in implementing
the government's mandate by not providing the facility facilities in the settlementt, industrial, commercial
and public and social facilities.
In addition to government regulations, the Indonesian government also have the Indonesian
National Standards (SNI) in waste management issued by the National Standardization Agency (BSN) with
SNI Number 3242: 2008 on waste management of settlements. This standard contains the requirements
and management of urban settlement waste for non B3 domestic and domestic B3 waste types
(households) by applying 3R starting from the activities in the source of waste to Waste Disposal (TPS).
Requirements in waste management are divided into general and technical requirements. General
requirements include legal, institutional, operational, financing, community participation aspects. While
the technical requirement in the form of planning data, calculation of the amount of waste that will be
managed, management classification and building type and TPS, Certification of equipment and building,
and planning aspect.
Noteworthy in this SNI is the existence of community participation as one of the general
requirements of compliance standards consisting of:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Doing waste sorting at source
Conducting 3R based waste management
The obligation to pay contributions or levies
Fulfillment of defined waste disposal rules
Participation in maintaining the environment
And play an active role in the socialization of environmental waste management.
Based on this, community participation becomes an important factor in the realization of nationalscale waste management by the full awareness of the community through interesting and effective
education and socialization to instill awareness for the community. While in fulfillment of technical
requirement, one of them consists of aspect of planning data which contains the following matter:
1) Map of home distribution;
2) Area of managed area;
3) Population based on high, medium, and low income classification;
4) Number of houses by type;
5) the amount of waste per day;
6) Number of public facility buildings;
7) Road conditions (length, width and physical condition);
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8) Topographic and environmental conditions;
9) Availability of land for TPS sites and environmental waste recycling
10) Characteristics of waste
And the determination of the amount of waste managed include:
1)
2)
3)
Total population
Sources of waste (shops / small markets, hospitals, roads / canals, parks, places of worship, etc.),
Large amount of waste per each source of waste
Based on this explanation, in waste management, there are many inaccuracy in the determination
of technical standards of waste management such as the area managed that exceeds the standard so that
the waste accumulates due to insufficient capacity, the error in determining the amount of waste in the
source of waste such as the market so that at the end of selling the waste in market Often piled up and
scattered on the streets due to the waste basin load that is not up to standard. Therefore, a common
commitment is required to implement government regulations to create residential, industrial,
commercial, public and social-friendly areas.
In Practice, the Government of Tokyo and Indonesia have conducted international business
collaboration through investigation of the implementation of 3R, especially in DKI Jakarta area as the
capital of the country and the business center of Indonesia which became the object in the
implementation of waste management especially related to the handling of waste that is more abundant
due to the urbanization that developed with Very massive and became very serious issues. This
collaboration is conducted by conducting exchanges including training and workshops taking place in
Jakarta and in Tokyo. This collaboration is an initiation of the living ministry and the Clean Authority of
TOKYO. This collaboration resulted in a Letter of Intent containing an agreement between the two parties
regarding the awareness of the importance of sharing issues in promoting good solid waste management
as well as the exchange of information between the two parties as well as the joint efforts of realizing HR
exchanges related to municipal solid waste management as a form of technical cooperation in the future.
This cooperation should be developed not only in the exchange of human resources but also the
technology transfer cooperation in efficient solid waste management and generating economic benefits
for the surrounding community. This cooperation also needs to be expanded not only in DKI Jakarta but
also in other city like Surabaya, Bandung, Makassar because the problem of waste management become
problem in all area.
PART 3 Gallery
Waste Processing presentation in Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
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Waste Processing Diorama in Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
References :
Waste Report 2017. Clean Authority of Tokyo
PP 81 tahun 2012
SNI 3242:2008
www.olahsampah.com
www. Metro.tokyo.jp
www.britanica.com
www.infojepang.net
http://nationalgeographic.co.id/berita/2016/08/mengapa-tingkat-kriminalitas-jepang-terendah-di-dunia
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Japanese-law
https://www.forbes.com/sites/eamonnfingleton/2015/11/22/it-is-japan-not-the-u-s-that-leads-in-serioustechnology-says-top-reagan-technology-advisor/#7747341d4023
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