A psycholinguistic on sign language used by Angel in Ayah mengapa aku berbeda? movie.

A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS ON SIGN LANGUAGE USED BY ANGEL INAYAH, MENGAPA AKU BERBEDA?MOVIE

THESIS

Submitted as a Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Arts and Humanities

Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya

By:

Moch. Chafidh Sabilur Rosyat A73213113

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES SUNAN AMPEL STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY

SURABAYA 2017

ABSTRACT

Title : A Psycholinguistic on Sign Language Used By Angel in Ayah Mengapa Aku Berbeda? Movie.

Key words: Psycholingusitic, Language acquisition, Deaf, Angel, Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?

This is the research which concerns to sign language used by deaf child, Angel based on Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda? movie. This research focuses on the features of sign language which are used by Angel to communicate with other people and the process in acquiring and exploring the language using sign language. Hopefully, this research is useful and benefit for the reader to get the knowledge about the sign language features and the process of deaf child who acquires and explore the language.

The approach of this research used in this research is content analysis and descriptive qualitative. Whereas, this research collects, organizes and describes the sign language features and the processes of Angel in acquiring and exploring the language using sign language based on Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda? movie. The data of the research were collected from the pictures for the sign language features and the transcription of the utterances are performed in this movie. Then, those data are analysed based on some theories such as sign language, behaviourism, innateness and other supporting theories.

This research found some features of sign language which are used by Angel to help her communication, such as Finger Spelling, Spatial Grammar and Simultaneity, Placement, Non-manual Feature and Handshape (Handling/gasping and Flat Surface). Through these features, Angel can also learn and pass the process in acquiring and exploring the language using sign language which is from her environment.

In the end, the writer hopes this research can motivate and inspire the reader understand the sign language which is used by deaf child.

INTISARI

Judul : A Psycholinguistic on Sign Language Used By Angel in Ayah Mengapa Aku Berbeda? Movie.

Kata kunci: Psycholingusitic, Language acquisition, Deaf, Angel, Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?

Ini adalah penelitian yang berkonsentrasi pada bahasa isyarat yang digunakan oleh anak tuli, Angel berdasarkan film Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?. Penelitian ini berfokus pada fitur-fitur pada Bahasa isyarat yang digunakan oleh Angel untuk berkomunikasi dengan orang lain dan proses dalam mengakuisisi dan mengeksplor Bahasa menggunakan Bahasa isyarat. Harapannya, penelitian ini berguna and bermanfaat untuk pembaca agar mendapatkan ilmu tentang fitur-fitur bahasa isyarat dan proses pada anak tuli yang mengakuisisi dan mengeksplor bahasa.

Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis konten dan deskriptif kualitatif. Dimana, penelitian ini mengoleksi, mengornanisir and mendeskipsikan fitur-fitur bahasa bahasa isyarat berdasarkan film Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?. Data-data penelitian ini didapat dari gambar untuk fitur-fitur bahasa isyarat dan transkrip untuk ujaran-ujaran yang ditampilkan di film ini. Kemudian, data-data tersebut dianalisa berdasarkan beberapa teori seperti bahasa isyarat, behavioristik, pembawaan dan teori-teori pendukung lainnya.

Penelitian ini menemukan beberapa fitur-fitur bahasa isyarat yang digunakan oleh Angel untuk membantu dia berkomunikasi, seperti Ejaan jari, tata bahasa ruang dan keserentakan, Penempatan, Fitur non-manual, Handshape (Handling/gasping and permukaan datar). Melalui fitur-fitur tersebut, Angel dapat juga mempelajari dan malalui proses dalam mengakuisisi dan mengeksplor bahasa mengunakan bahasa isyarat yang berasal dari lingkungan dia.

Pada akhirnya, penulis berharap penelitian ini dapat memotivasi dan menginspirasi pembaca mengerti bahasa isyarat yang digunakan oleh anak tuli.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Inside the Cover Page... i

Declaration Page ... ii

Dedication Page ... iii

Motto ... iv

Advisor’s Approval Page...v

Examiner’s Approval Page... vi

Acknowledgement... vii

Table of Contents ... viii

Abstract ...x

Intisari ... xi

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of the Study ...1

1.2. Statements of the Problem ...6

1.3. Purpose of the Study...6

1.4. Significance of the Study...6

1.5. Scope and Limitation...7

1.6. Definition of Key Terms...7

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1. Language Acquisition...9

2.1.1. Behaviourism ...10

2.1.2. Innateness ...11

2.1.3. The Cognitive Theory ...11

2.2. Sign Language ...12

2.2.1. The Acquisition of Indonesian Sign Language ...14

2.2.2. The Features of Sign Language...15

2.3.1. Deafness Impairment ...19

2.3.2. Hearing Impairments...20

2.4. The Synopsis ofAyah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda? ...21

2.5. Previous Studies ...23

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1. Research Design ...26

3.2. Subject of the Research ...27

3.3. Data Collection ...27

3.3.1. Data and Data Sources ...27

3.3.2. The Role of The Researcher...27

3.4. Research Instrument ...28

3.5. Techniques of Data Collecting Data...28

3.6. Data Analysis...30

CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1. Findings ...34

4.2. Discussion...85

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1. Conclusion ...89

5.2. Suggestion ...90

REFERENCES...92 APPENDIX 1

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This introduction chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problems, purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study and the definition of the key terms.

1.1.The Background of The Study

Sign language is the facility of human communication to interact with other people at home and school (Daniels, 2001:3). Some of the researchers (Fauziyah et.al, 2012; Kurniawan, 2015; Susanto, 2014; Luter et.al, 2015) attempted to explore the issue of sign language in application such as Indonesian Sign Language and American Sign Language. The sign language applications are really important to help the deaf people or the normal people to understand with each other. Many researchers have investigated sign language in different kinds of contexts such as Tomaszewski (2001) in Polish Sign Language, Lissi et.al (2010) in Chilian Sign Language, Pivac (2009) in New Zealand Sign Language, Anand et.al (2013); Krunal (2013); Sheth (2013) in Indian Sign Language, Marshall et.al (2012) in British Sign Language, Naoum et.al (2012) in Arabian Sign Language, Smith (2005) in Taiwan Sign Language and Capirci et.al (1998) in Italian Sign Language. This study aims at adding more information related to sign language by focusing on BISINDO (Bahasa Isyarat Indonesia) or IndoSL (Indonesian Sign Language) at shown Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?movie as the first study.

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Based on the previous studies above, the studies have discussed about the teaching and the learning of sign language to the students, deaf children and hearing children such as the development sign language in two issues (the acquisition of Polish Sign Language and written in Polish) on cognitive development (Tomaszewski, 2001), the strategies to teach the students using written text and explain the meaning (Lissi et.al, 2010), teaching sign language in hearing children in the enhancement of visual-spatial cognition (Capirci et.al, 1998) and interpreting the learners (deaf community) to learn sign language in outside classroom (Pivac, 2009) as second language. The sign language recognition also talked in the survey about the problem in the gesture recognition system from video (Sheth, 2013) and the using algorithm with glove to form every high performance (Naoum et.al, 2012) in sign language recognition. The other studies examined two ways of translation (sign to speech and speech to sign) system using webcam and camera to communicate with the people who do not understand about sign language (Anand et.al, 2013), the using flex sensor glove and one hand for the patients who do not speak properly (Krunal, 2013) and the history and development of sign language for the deaf community in Taiwan such as phonology, morphology, semantic and also discourse (Smith, 2005). The present study aims at filling these gaps by identifying the faetures of sign language, which is reflected inAyah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?movie. Furthermore, this study observes the process of Angel as a deaf woman in acquiring and exploring based on this movie.

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Some years ago, a series of the sign language studies has been done to examine the sign language in various focuses, such as: deaf learners with language challenges (Staden et.al, 2009), deaf children with autism spectrum disorder (Shield and Meier, 2013), facial expression and emotion (Elliott and Jacobs. 2013), developing identity for deaf children (Sutton-Spence, 2010), sign language with babies (Barnes, 2010), human-robot symbiosis (Hossian et.al, 2014) and teaching sign language to a chimpanzee (Gardner and Gardner, 1969). Sign language has not only investigated deaf children or people directly in real life but it can investigate the movie such as in the Indonesian undergraduate journal by Pratama (2015) who investigated the sign language used by Helen Keller in The Miracle Worker movie (American movie).

Following Pratama’s study, in this present study, the researcher investigates

Angel in Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda? movie (Indonesian Movie) as the subject of this research.

By the time goes on, Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda? movie has been analysed and received many attentions from some researchers. The first research is from Azhari (2013) as an undergraduate student of State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya that focuses on moral message in Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda? movie with semiotic. He found the moral symbols in this movie such as through the love, expression of heart, prayer, bother in social, achievement and something that has relation with motivation. He found the denotative meaning. The picture and scene mean the enthusiasm of life. In this movie, he told that, this movie described the positive points that should be

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manifested in the real life. The power of enthusiasm of life that is shown in Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?movie has meaning that, test in the real life is not like an obstacle to persistent as the person who gets achievement and benefits from other people.

The other study is from Diana (2014) as an undergraduate student of State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta that focuses on patient delegation by Angel inAyah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?movie. She analysed the scene that has the patient message by Angle. She also used semiotic with two

steps of significant by Ronald Barthers to find “penanda” dan “petanda” and

“denotation” and “connotation” in the patient form that are described by Angel

that reflected the individual patient to fight for her life. She found seven types of patient which are described by Angel such as patient to do religious thing, patient to encounter by word (ejekan), patient to get requirements (to encounter ordeal and disaster), patient to receive the rule of Allah, patient to wait the promise from Allah, patient from carnal lusts (Hawa Nafsu) and patient in the human relation. To enrich the existing research on Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda? movie, this present study analyses the same movie with different focuses that is on the sign language and the process of Angel in acquiring and exploring the language using sign.

Sign language is chosen for this study because, there is not the undergraduate thesis that talked and discussed about sign language especially in UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. So, by this study, the researcher puts this study for the first study to identify the features of sign language and observe the

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process of Angel in acquiring and exploring the language using sign language related onAyah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?movie.

There are many famous movies but Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda? movie is chosen as the source of data for this research because it has not been touched by others to analyse the sign language. The researcher only focuses on Angel as the main subject of this research because she is a deaf woman who only can express herself via sign language to interact with other people. She is very clever, patient and talented in the school. When she passes from school, she gets the highest score in National Examination that it is held for the third grade of senior high school.

From the explanation above, this study is also similar with other previous study which talked about sign language in the Helen Keller movie by Pratama and the same movie also by Azhari and Diana. This study talks about the sign language as the theory and Angel inAyah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?is as the subject of this study. But this study is the first study which wants to identify the features of sign language and the process by Angel in acquiring and exploring the Indonesian language using sign related on Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda? movie. By this study, the researcher aims to explore more by describing and interpreting the sign language and the process of language contained in this movie itself.

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1.2. Statement of The Problems

Based on the background of study above, the problems are formulated as follows:

1.2.1. What features of sign language that are used by Angel inAyah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?movie?

1.2.2. How is the process of Angel in acquiring and exploring the first language using sign language inAyah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?movie?

1.3. Purpose of The Study

According on the problem of the study above, the objectives are formulate as follows:

1.3.1 To know and get understanding about the features of sign language that are used by Angel inAyah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?movie.

1.3.2 To get and know the process of Angel in acquiring and exploring the first language using sign languageAyah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?movie. 1.4. Significance of The Study

According on the background of study above, the writer expects that, the study contributes to analyze the sign language and the process by a deaf woman to acquire and explore the language based on the psycholinguistic and enlarge the view of the students of English Department, and the students have a new knowledge and idea from this research. This research is explained to understand the sign language and the process of the language using sign by the deaf woman. The result of this study is beneficial to help the teachers or the

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parents who have deaf children to educate them more with first sign language and the common people to understand well about the deaf children‘s statement.

1.5. Scope and Limitation

This research is conducted to identify the features of sign language and the process of Angel in acquiring and exploring the first language using sign language based on Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda? Movie. Further, this study wants to use eight aspects of sign language, those are: finger spelling, spatial grammar, placement, non-manual features, handling, flat surface and people and vehicles and shining structure. The object is taken from Indonesian Movie which describes the sign language and the process in acquiring and exploring the language based on the scene of the movie itself. Not only the scene, but the screen shooting and the dialogue help the researcher to collect the data.

1.6. Definition of Key Terms a. Psycholinguistics

Psycholinguistics are the study about formula single in the language production and the people can produce the language with naturally form. b. Language acquisition

Language acquisition is the way of the people acquire the first language or the second language and their ability to speak and use their language.

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c. First language acquisition

The study of first language acquisition is focused on the process of language for the children to learn the first language at the first time. The first language is an officially or societally dominant language (not

speakers’ first language) needed for education(Savielle, 2005).

d. Sign language acquisition

Sign language acquisition is the new lesson and is still built for making a good practice. Sign language acquisition is a relatively new field and is still developing its own good practice (Baker & Woll, 2008:1). e. Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?

Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda? is the Indonesian drama movie that was very popular in 2011. Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?is from novel adaptation and online story written by Agnes Davonar that has been read by 2 more million online readers. It talks about the journey of Angel who has deviation since she was a child.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED TO LITERATURE

This chapter reviews the underlying theories of this study. The research takes some theories which are related to this study. They are language acquisition, sign language, deafness and hearing impairment, synopsis of Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?movie and the previous studies.

2.1 Language Acquisition

Language acquisition is about how the humans acquire their first lan-guage (L1) or the second lanlan-guage (L2) and about their ability to speak and use their language appropriately. According to Yang (2000:14), Chomsky said that language acquisition is the process in which the learner forms an internalizedknowledge (in the children’s mind). It can be concluded that, lan-guage acquisition is the process for the children to learn forms of lanlan-guage such as sound, grammar and structure and so on. In the some issues, the chil-dren could build pre-existing notions of what to represent with language as well as prior notion of communication (Clark, 2003:2).

The children learned the language normally from other people who speak with them before three years. Based on Savielle, 2005:4, the children before three years, the learned as part of growing up among people who speak with them. But, the processing of the language is a something human trait that means all normal human speak, and no nonhuman animal like does

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sky: 1975). That means, the language process is developed by human itself. So, human acquires their language by own ability.

Language acquisition is the process to acquire the capacity to under-stand the language by humans, as well as to produce and use the words to communicate with others. The human language capacity is represented in the brain. It would be learning to think and it would be not only learning to talk (Chaer, 2003). It means that, language is not only used to think but also it is used to talk to share anything with other people in the communication mo-ment by using the language.

The process of the language is developed by human itself and it needs long time to acquire the language. The language acquisition has several theo-ries which have the effect on language acquisition’s thought. There are

be-haviourism, innateness and the cognitive theory. The theories are described as follows.

2.1.1 Behaviourism

The children learn the language from the experience in their environment. Some of the linguists believe that, the process of lan-guage acquisition is influenced by the external environment where the human lives. Shortly, language acquisition of children is habitually can happen through conditioning process (Brown, 2000:34).

Some scientists support to believe that, the factors which make the humans to get and understand the language it is started from their external or their environment. Based on Brown, everyone was in this

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world with the “Blank Sheet” and without the knowledge. After that

“Blank Sheet” will be affected by their environment through some

ex-periences which they undergo (Brown, 2000:23). 2.1.2 Innateness

Chomsky argues that, all the children have a Language Acqui-sition Device (LAD) universal when they were born. They will go through the similar process to acquire the language unconsciously by learning. It is included the structures and patterns which are the same in all languages. The structures and patterns are called as ‘Universal

Grammar’ (Kustomo,2012).

Language Acquisition Device (LAD) supports the humans to get the language. They have set by knowing pattern and structures in-nately. So, the innate mechanism of the language is programmed by brain genetically. Chomsky argues that, the language acquisition holds some linguistic knowledge exist in humans from the humans were born and have automatic grammatizator or use grammar innately. 2.1.3 The Cognitive Theory

The cognitive theory is also known as a developmental stage theory based on Jean Piaget. Cognitive theory agrees with the nature of knowledge how the human can acquire, construct and use the lan-guage gradually. Lanlan-guage is dependent on cognitive development which is at the centre of human organism.

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There are some theorist who are Mc. Namara and Piaget ar-gued that, the children have to understand and express the concept be-fore they acquire the particular language (Chaer, 2003). It means, the children have to know the concept for the first time before they want to acquire the language. Piaget suggested that, the children have an in-teraction between children cognitive and their environment to under-stand the language structure (Chaer, 2003).

After seeing the explanation above, those theories showed the process of the children to acquire, learn and understand the language in their language acquisition. Because they need a concept before ac-quiring the language gradually.

2.2 Sign Language

Sign language acquisition can be concluded that, the children can learn, acquire and produce the language easily in the some places such as in school, environment and also in the home using the sign for helping the children to communicate and interact with other people. According to Dan-iels, sign language is the facility of human communication to interact with other people in the home and school than the teacher with classroom man-agement helps and show to promote the comfortable learning for the stu-dents (Daniels, 2001:3).

Based on Hollis (2011:5), Sign language can vary from country to country, even among those whose first language is English. It can be con-cluded, sign language can be different and it is begun from country to

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country although there is a person used English for the first language. For example, British Sign Language is different to American Sign Language (ASL), Irish Sign Language (ISL) and Northern Ireland Sign Language (NISL). Because American Sign Language and others have many kinds of slang, so that is the differences with Britsih Sign Language.

In the communication, the people who have laxity like deaf or dumb. They usually use sign language in their daily. They always think about their minds. According to Rene Descartes (Klima and Bellugi, 1979), the men who were born in the deaf condition, they have ability to talk with other people in their habit by using sign language for making them understand.

There are many children have their first language because the chil-dren can learn the first language that is very needed for education. Based on Savielle (2005: 6), the first language is an officially or societally

domi-nant language not speakers’ first language) needed for education.For deaf

children, they are so difficult to produce their speech. So deaf children have to learn and use sign language for communication.

From the explanation above, sign language is the facility for the deaf children to help and to interact with other people. Sign language is al-so needed for communication in their al-society the deaf and dump although they have had ability to talk with others. Sign language is very important and useful for all the deaf children in their education.

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2.2.1 The Acquisition of Indonesian Sign Language

Sign language acquisition is the new lesson and it is still built for making a good practice. Baker and Woll stated that, Sign language acquisition is a relatively new field and it is still developing its own good practice (Baker & Woll, 2008:1).

Sign language is helpful for the deaf children who have lax-ity in hearing and speaking for making communication with other people. Sign language can be different and it is begun from country to country although there is a person used English for the first lan-guage. For example, British Sign Language is different to American Sign Language (ASL), Irish Sign Language (ISL) and Northern Ireland Sign Language (NISL).

Sign language is very useful and important for helping the language development, cognitive and social influence for the deaf people. It can be also for the communication and interaction in their environment. According to Budi Wicaksono in Selasar.com, there are two kinds of sign language which are used. They are SIBI (Sistem Bahasa Isyarat Indonesia) and BISINDO (Bahasa Isyarat Indonesia). SIBI cannot be used for daily communication because it is influenced by culture and the sign language from abroad. Then, BISINDO can be used by the deaf people in daily activity for communication.

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Based on Hurlbut (2014), a number of foreigners who knew American Sign Language (ASL) and who were working on projects in Indonesia have influenced the Deaf in Indonesia. In the Indonesian Sign Language Dictionary (Kamus Sistem Isyarat Bahasa Indonesia. 2001) about half of the items used in the wordlist for this survey were borrowed from ASL. Indonesian sign language is influenced by American Sign Language especially a half of wordlist borrowed from ASL.

2.2.2 The Features of Sign Language

There are some features especially for components of sign language (Hollis, 2011:6-10):

1. Finger Spelling

Finger spelling is code for telling the letter of alphabet and it is not signed language. In the general, the finger spelling is used for the spelling noun (place names, people’s names, names of everyday objects, etc.). It is really benefit for the deaf children to acquire the language.

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(https://bisamandiri.com/blog/2015/09/bahasa-isyarat-bagi-penderita-tuna-rungu/)

2. Spatial grammar and simultaneity

In this case, the people can inform the information with the body posture and facial expression for others to understand the meaning of the information. Example:“I drove here”. To add information about the drive, you’d have to make the phrase

longer (“I drove here along a winding road”). After that, you use

the motion of hand to make other people more understand. 3. Placement

Placement is used for relating the placing and establish-ing of sign in space. Example: Once a signer has set up the

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signing the word ‘house’ and ‘putting it in a space in front of

you’ (‘placing it’) then the signer can use his eye gaze and

direc-tional verbs to refer to this particular sign. 4. Non-manual features

These features are used to produce the action with part of the body with hands such as eyes, mouth, cheeks, face, head, shoulders and torso.

5. Handshapes

Handshapes here are divided into three kinds:

a. Handling/gasping: is the manner for making other people understand with action and hold something. Example: washing the clothes or watching television.

b. Flat surfaces: it is for tell about the flat thing such as wall, board etc.

c. People and vehicles: there is also handshapes that shows the people that there is someone is telling the transportations or vehicles.

6. Signing structure

All languages always have the structure in the sentences. In English, this is the SVO sentence (subject-verb-object). In the sentence ‘Sophie bought a car’ for example, ‘Sophie’ is the

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All of them are very important for the children for the first time for acquiring the language in all environments. The family always learn the children about sign language if the chil-dren have abnormality in their life.

2.3 Deafness and Hearing Impairment

The people who cannot hear normally like as the people with normal hearing, it refers to deafness and hearing loss. Because both of them can hap-pen in one ear or both of them and it also make the people difficult to hear the speech or sound in their area. Based on WHO Media Centre (2017), there are two causes about deafness and hearing loss such as congenital causes (it pens when the people acquire soon after birth) and acquired causes (it hap-pens when the people get the diseases, infections or troubles in their ears). Those explanation mean that, the deaf people get hearing loss that can make them very little to hear. But, they usually use the sign language for communi-cation.

Hearing loss is about the how the people can hear the speech well and strongly when it is described as sight, mild or profound generally. According to ehealthMD (2012), there are four types of hearing loss. They are conduc-tive hearing loss (it is caused by disease and it can be helped by medically), sensorineural hearing loss (it is from the damage with inner ear), mixed hear-ing loss (it is from the problem in both of outer, middle or inner) and the last

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central hearing loss (it is from the damage in the pathways to the brain or in the brain).

According to the description above, all deafness cannot hear. It is completely from one ear of both ears in the hearing ability. But, they can use the sign language for making communication and interaction with other peo-ple. It can be caused by naturally or the problem in their ears. So, they cannot hear anything like the people who have the normal hearing.

2.3.1 Deafness Impairment

In the Healthy Hearing (2017), hearing loss is harmful to people of all ages and it can be called deafness. Based on the previous expla-nation above, the deafness is about the loss of hearing in one or both ears completely. It can make the people who get deafness are difficult to receive the speech and sound especially in their hearing system. So, the deafness cannot hear anything at all.

According to Healthy Hearing (2017), deaf people mostly have profound hearing loss which implies very little or no hearing. They of-ten use sign language for communication with other people in outside the place. Generally, the deaf people cannot hear anything about the statement that is said by other people in outside the place.

The conclusion is about the deaf people cannot develop their hearing and receive the sound speech clearly. Because they cannot

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hear anything. So, they use sign language for making a communica-tion with other people to increase their language in outside place. 2.3.2 Hearing Impairment

As the previous explanation, the hearing impairment is from the partial loss of the hearing ability. There are some factors that make this happen in the people when they get the disease or trouble in their hearing abilities. The children also can get the hearing impairment when they late in developing the language.

There are four types of hearing loss. They are conductive hear-ing loss (it is caused by disease and it can be helped by medically), sensorineural hearing loss (it is from the damage with inner ear), mixed hearing loss (it is from the problem in both of outer, middle or inner) and the last central hearing loss (it is from the damage in the pathways to the brain or in the brain).

There are many causes which may lead to hearing loss at any age (WHO Media Centre, 2017). Those will be mentioned below:

1. Chronic ear infections disease, including meningitis, measles and mumps

2. Use certain medicines, including the antibiotic and treatment such as antimalarial drugs and so on. It makes the damage in the ear

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4. Excessive noise, it seems like when the people hear the sound or voice loudly. It can damage the inner ear.

5. Wax or foreign bodies blocking the ear canal means, any age can get the hearing loss.

In the conclusion, it can be concluded that, the people who get the deafness or hearing impairment cannot hear although they have hearing ability. It can be seen on some causes and types which can lead to deafness and hearing impairment.

2.4 The Synopsis ofAyah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?

Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda? is the Indonesian drama movie that was very popular in 2011 and it was realeased on November 11, 2011. Men-gapa Aku Berbeda? is from novel adaptation and online story are written by Agnes Davonar that had been read by 2 more million online readers.

In Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda? movie, it tells about the journey of the deaf woman that has deviation since she was child. In this movie, the character of the deaf woman is played by Dinda Hauw as Angel. She is very patient, smart and never give up to show about her that, she was born with the way that is given by God. She always held the pass to make her father happy after her mother died when she was born.

In her daily life, she always learn about the hand language or sign lan-guage and it is so hard to be learned by her father and also grandmother. An-gel only lives with her father and grandmother. AnAn-gel, her father and

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mother move to other city because the teacher gives her suggestion for mov-ing to the public school and she is also clever in the special school for the deaf children.

There are many schools rejected her for coming in the public school. After that, there is public school wants to accept Angel as the student. The world changes when she consorts and live together with the normal people in her school. She is not accepted by part of friends because she is reputed. She only has one friend named Hendra.

Once upon a time, she sees the music team in her school and she bids herself as member of music team then she is rejected. After that, she cries be-side her father who tells that, she was born from the mother who was a pia-nist. Her father teaches her to play the piano and she proves to be able to play piano with her heart although she cannot hear anything about tone of piano and she can join in the piano team, but she is accepted by the group that is leaded by Agnes. Angel’s decision makes Agnes angry with her. Agnes tor-tures Angel until Angel’s hands is injured.

One day, Angel passed from the selection in the competition to show as the pianist in live concert in the TV station. But, in the day when Angel will perform, Angel’s father gets heart attack again. Angel feels dizzy to

leave or wait her father. After Angel has been convinced by her father, Angel leave her father. However, before Angel perform, Agnes bedevil Angel and

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are loved leaving Angel, she wants give up. Angel tries to hold with her short supply and excess that have been given by Allah. After she got the winner in the competition and the highest score in the National Examination, she is leaved by the people who very love her so much. But, Angel got happiness moment when she has followed all of the rule by Allah and she had relation with Martin although she lives with her grandmother.

2.5. Previous Studies

In this part, this research presented the similar discussion. Some of them have discussed about the sign language used by deaf, dumb and blind person. These previous studies are conducted to find the gap in this research The first study is from Aini(2007) entitled “Sign Language on Helen Keller inthe Miracle WorkerMovie”.She found Helen Keller acquired her language using sign language such as movements of the hands, language learning and facial expression to show her thought and feeling especially when she began the communication with her environment.

The second study is Kasih (2010) entitled “A Psycolinguistic Analysis on Sign Language in And My Name is JonahMovie”. She found Jonah used ASL (American Sign Language) by using finger spelling. Jonah is deaf-blind children in this movie. Sometimes, he uses lip movements and facial expres-sions and also fingers for introducing his name in this movie. She described that, Jonah is as deaf blind children to show his sign language well.

Then, the third study is from Sholihah(2011) entitled “Psycholinguis-tic Study on Sign Language Used by Hether Artinian in Sound and Fury

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Movie. Heather is a deaf children but she is not blind. She found that, Heather has ability to acquire the sign language as her first language because her par-ents are deaf people. She is so difficult to speak using oral language. Heather focused on American Sign Language.

The fourth is from Haryono (2016) entitled Language Acquisition of Michele McNally in Sanjay Leela Bhansali’sBlackMovie. In this study, it al-so discusses about sign language because he is deaf-blind child. He found some ways which are used by Michele McNally in language acquisition pro-cess and also the step of language acquisition which passed by Michele based on this movie. He can pass his process to learn about the language from Sa-hai.

From the previous studies above, they only found some information about the sign language such as hands movements, facial expression and fin-ger spelling. The information are not detail and complete enough about sign language, to make the adding information, the writer expects to find the fea-tures of sign language that are used by deaf child to make the information about sign language completely.

After knowing about the explanations above, writer decides to conduct the research the research about sign language inAyah, Mngapa Aku Berbeda? movie. This research has differences with the previous studies because this research uses different object because the researches used American and Indi-an movies for the object. So, the result of this study is to represent more

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formation about the features of sign language and processes in acquiring sign language in Ayah, Mngapa Aku Berbeda? as Indonesian movie to complete the knowledge of sign language.

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

This part, it consists of research design, the role of the researcher, research instrument, subject of the research, data and data source, data collection, and data analysis.

3.1. Research Design

This study used content analysis design. Content analysis is a set of procedures for collecting and organizing information in a standardized format that allows analysts to make inferences about the characteristics and meaning of written and other recorded material (Chelimsky, 1989:6). The researcher focused on the organizing information with describing and interpreting the data. This research also used qualitative content analysis for completing this research project because it was conducted to describe and interpret data that had been collected. This research was focused the data which would be taken from a movie. Qualitative research is a situated activity that locates the observer in the world and it consists of a set of interpretative, material practices that makes the world visible (Denzin & Lincoln, 2005: 3).

This study aimed to observe what features of sign language which were used by Angel based on the movie. Then, qualitative content analysis design was the right research technique because the researcher

2

needed to describe and interpret the process of Angel in acquiring and exploring the language in fromAyah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?movie. 3.2. Subject of the Research

This research analyzed the first language by Angel using sign language inAyah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda Movie. So, the subject of this study was Angel.

3.3. Data Collection

3.3.1. Data and Data Source

1. The data for this research was the feature of sign language and the process of Angel that werefound in “Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?” movie.

2. The data source was“Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?” movie. 3. The subject of the research was Angel

The researcher watched the movie first for this study. By watching the movie carefully, it helped the researcher to search and find the sign language acquisition in the movie by screen shooting the scene.

3.3.2. The Role of The Researcher

The role of the researcher for this study was myself in the outside who observed the movie and collected the data. It helped me to get new experience and knowledge from other previous researches and made this different with other researches.

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3.4. Research Instrument

The main research instrument in this research was myself who watched, listened, typed and collected the data by finding the features of sign language and the process by Angel in acquiring and exploring the language using sign languagebased on “Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?” movie.

3.5. Techniques of Data Collection

The data were collected by watching “Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?” movie. The writeronly used one movie for this research. The steps of data collection were:

3.5.1. Looking for DVD of “Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?” Movie that consist of 2 disks.

3.5.2. Copying“Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?”movie from DVD to laptop.

3.5.3. Watching the movie to find the sign language and to observe the process to explore the language by Angel in“Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?”movie.

3.5.4. Screen shooting the sign language by Angel in“Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?”movie.

The screen shooting data were like the following examples:

2✁

S

IG

N

L

A

N

G

U

A

G

E

The example of sign language by screen shooting on scene 8.43-8.45

3.5.5. Selecting the scene that refer to the process of Angel to explore the language by highlighting.

In the scene 04.22 until 04.40, the conversation is done by Angel’s grandmother and the mother who has child. Grandmother : Anak ibu pintar betul bicaranya ya? “Your child is very smart to speak, is not he?”

The mother : Anak ibu umur berapa?“How old is she?”

Grandmother : Tiga tahun“Three years old” The mother : Tapi belum kedengaran bicaranya ya?” “But, she has not been heard her speaking” Grandmother : Mungkin sedikit terlambat“Maybe, she is little bit late”

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3.6. Data Analysis

The technique of data analysis was in the following steps, as follows:

3.6.1. Identifying the selected data

After all data were selected, the researcher wanted then identify the data that indicated the features of sign language that were used by Angel to show her feeling to other people. In this case, the researcher focuses on types of sign language such as: finger spelling, spatial grammar, placement, non-manual features, handshape (handling, flat surface and people and vehicles) and shining structure.

The data identification was done by coding the selected scene. The coding abbreviations that indicated each feature. The abbreviation FS was forfinger spelling, SG was forspatial grammar, P was for placement, NF was for non-manual feature, H was for handling, FSu wasflat surface, PV was forpeople and vehicles, SS was for signing structure. Below figures were the examples by coding the selected data.

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3.6.2. Classifying the identified data

In this step, the researcher classified the identified data to ease him to distinguish the features of sign language that were used by Angel and also the meaning of the sign language itself. As the result, he had easier way to draw inferences toward the analysis. Classifying the data facilitated the researcher to add the fact for the reader concerning the features of sign language. The classification was in the form of table which consist of features of sign language and data screen shooting. But dialog conversation and scene of the movie put below the table then the meaning was signed using the yellow colour. The example of the table was as follows:

Scene 8.43-8.45

The father Angel, itu sekolah kamu yang baru.(Angel, that is your new school)

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Angel itu sekolah Angel?(Is that Angel’s school?) The Father Iya. Coba, ayah lihat dulu. Hmm, bajunya

udah rapi. Anak ayah udah cantik, udah siap sekolah ya. Umuach. Yuk!

(Yes. Wait, father sees first. Hmm, the cloth has cleaned. Father’s child has been beautiful, has been already to school right. Let’s go!)

1.6.3 Analyzing the processes

After the data were collected and arranged well, the processes of Angel in acquiring and exploring the language were analysed. The analysis was describing the scene of the movie and included the facts that were the story of the movie itself. In this step, the scene of the movie about the process of Angel was interpreted and described. The process was as follows:

In the scene 04.22 until 04.40, the conversation was done by Angel’s grandmother and the mother who has child.

Grandmother Anak ibu pintar betul bicaranya ya? “Your child is very smart to speak, is not he?” The mother Anak ibu umur berapa?“How old is she?” Grandmother Tiga tahun“Three years old”

The mother Tapi belum kedengaran bicaranya ya?” “But, she has not been heard her speech” Grandmother Mungkin sedikit terlambat“Maybe, she is little bit late”

From the conversation above based on the scene, when Angel is still in 3 years old, she has not been able to speak or acquire the language.

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1.6.4 Describing and concluding the data

The next step was describing and explaining the whole to infer data to validate the data. Then, the inferences of the data were related to the data which had been collected. Thus, the conclusion was valid and detail explanation.

CHAPTER IV

FINDING AND DISCUSSION

This chapter explains the finding data of the research and the discussion concerning the result of analysis. It deals with the features of sign language that are used by Angel and the process of Angel in acquiring and exploring the first language using sign language inAyah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?movie.

4.1. Findings

4.1.1. The features of sign language used by Angel in Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?movie

These are some features of sign language used by Angel that found in Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda? movie, such as: Finger spelling, Spatial grammar and simultaneity, Placement, Non-manual feature and Handshape (Handling/gasping and Flat surface).

4.1.1.1. Finger Spelling

Finger spelling is the sign language features used by deafness impairment people to spell the nouns (place names, people’s names, names of the objects, etc.). This feature uses the

fingers hand of the deaf people and little bit mouth (sound) to make other people understand. The fingerspelling usage in Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda? movie were presented in the scenes and screen shoot picture bellow:

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Datum 1 (20.04 - 20.05)

This scene is the moment for Angel to come in the school. In the first introduction, the teacher is in the new school who asks to Angel to introduce herself. Before Angel wants to introduce her name to her new friends, the students feel surprised. The teacher starts to tell about Angel to the students in the class. She tries to introduce herself by using finger spelling feature to her new friends in front of the class. Her friends cannot understand about her name. So, the teacher ask for her to write her name on the whiteboard. The datum presents below:

1.

2.

3.

Picture 1, 2 and 3Finger

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The short conversation presented below (19.52–20.05):

[Teacher] Anak-anak teman baru kita ini sangat istimewa. Sekarang mari kita perkenalkan dia ya? Coba sebutkan nama kamu!(The students, our new friend isvery special. Now, let’sintroduce hers. Please, introduce yourself!)

[Angel] “A N G E L”(using sign language)

[Agnes] dia gagu ternyata. Seharusnya dia sekolah di SLB (she is a dumb actually, she must be in the SLB) [Teacher] bisa kamu tuliskan dipapan tulis. Kamu menuliskan

nama kamu sekarang di papan tulis. (can you write on the white board? Please, you write your name now on the white board?)

[Angel] menulis(write?)(sing sign language) [Teacher] iya(yes)

[Angel] ANGEL (she is writing her name on the whiteboard)sudah(it has done)

When Angel introduces her name by using finger spelling, her friends do not understand about her name. Before she does that, the teacher tell the students that, Angel is a special student and she asks Angel to tell her name by saying “Anak-anak teman baru kita ini sangat istimewa. Sekarang mari kita perkenalkan dia ya? Coba sebutkan nama kamu!”. Then she utters the word “ANGEL” to her friends butone of the students named Agnes says “dia gagu ternyata”. When her friends look like do not understand about her name, the teacher asks to Angel to write her name on the white board, she said “bisa kamu tuliskan dipapan

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tulis. Kamu menuliskan nama kamu sekarang di papan tulis”. After she says to Angel about it, Angel writes her name on the whiteboard.

The implementation of finger spelling in this conversation scene when Angel raises her hand to spell the name “ANGEL” using her fingers. She uses her fingers to make her new friends understand about her name but her friends do not understand and get Angel’s name. She is not only deaf but also dumb. When she has introduced her name to her friends in the classroom, her friends feel so surprised after hearing the name from Angel. In the finger spelling, Angel also needs using her mouth to produce the sound although it is not clear because she is not only deaf but also dumb. It helps her friends understand about her meaning because her friends can read her names from her mouth and fingers.

The use of finger spelling does not only happen in this scene, but also it can be found in other scenes to make the connection between the friends and Angel. The explanation shown below.

Datum 2 (21.53–23.13)

When the break time in the school, she goes outside. When Angel have been in the outside of the school, she is so surprised with her friend named Hendra when sees him. She goes

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to Hendra and she begins to ask about his name. His answer and the short conversation presented below:

[Angel] Aku boleh disini? (may I be in here?) sign language

[Hendra] Iya iya silakan silakan duduk duduk boleh boleh (yes, you may, sit down please!)

[Angel] Nama kamu siapa? Siapa?(what is your name? what?)–using sign language

[Hendra] Apa?(what?)

[Angel] Oh lupa bentar(Oh wait, I forget)–using sign language (She writes the question)

[Hendra] Hendra, H-E-N-D-R-A

[Angel] HENDRA(using sign language)

[Hendra] udah bel, yuk kita masuk. Waktunya masuk kelas (the bel has rang, let’s we come in theclass. It is time to come in the class)

Based on this scene, Angel asks to Hendra about his name using sing languagee, she says “nama kamu siapa? Siapa?” but Hendra does not understand about Angel’s statement until Angel reapeates again about but she only says “Apa?” after saying “siapa nama kamu?”. After she knows that, she uses sign

Finger spelling

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lnaguge for uttering “Oh lupa, bentar”. Then, she writes the question about Hendra’s name and answers the question from the piece of paper. He says his name “HENDRA” to Angel.

In this scene, she uses the only right hand with her finger to spell and little bit sound to make Hendra understands. After seeing both of those scenes, those presented about finger spelling that performed by Angel when the people talk about the name of the people in this movie. Then, Angel uses her fingers and sound from her mouth to utter the name although she still does not get Hendra’s name clearly but she can get it.

4.1.1.2. Spatial Grammar and Simultaneity

In the spatial grammar and simultaneity, this is the way for the deafness impairment people to inform the information using body posture and facial expession and they also use the hand motion for helping the other people understand about the meaning of the information. The pattern of spatial grammar and simultaneity is the representation the hands, body and facial in one sentence.

Some examples of spatial grammar and simultaneity usage whice is presented inAyah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda?movie are:

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Datum 1 (09.21–09.24)

In this scene, the situation is in the classroom. the teacher trains the students to speak the language using sign language in the class. The teacher repeat her statement the students for making them understand the statement well. The using of spatial grammar and simultaneity is presented below:

[The teacher] Anak-anak sekarang kita belajar ya? (Students, we are studying, aren’t we?) [The students] Iya bu! (Yes mom) (it is included Angel)

(using sign language)

[The teacher] Oh bagus. Coba ulangi lagi, ibu tidak mendengar ya? Anak-anak sekarang kita belajar ya?(Oh good. Please try again, mam does not hear. Students, we are studying, aren’t we?)

Angel uses her hand and her mouth to say“Iya bu!”to her teacher with her friends in the classroom. to answer the teacher’s Spatial Grammar and

41

question, Angel and her friends use spatial grammar and simultaneity to answer the question from their teacher. They use their right hand and make little wave in the down side. Then, they move her hand beside their right ear. Then, after Angel and her friends can understand about their teacher’s statements, she repeat her statement by saying “Oh bagus. Coba ulangi lagi, ibu tidak mendengar ya? Anak-anak sekarang kita belajar ya?”. It makes the students understand well in the classroom.

Other spatial grammar and simultaneity also used to answer her father question, such as “siap” to her father. It can be found in the datum 2 (14.01–14.02) below

Datum 2 (13.52–14.04)

This moment happens when Angel and her family move to another city. The short converssation is only done by Angel, Granmother and her father. In this scene, it also presents about the using of spatial grammar and simultaneity. It happens when Suryo is as Angel’s father asks to Angel“siap!” and Angel answers“siap!”too. It is shown below.

[Grandmother] Kita ke Jakarta (we go to Jakarta) [Angel] Jakarta -using sign language [Grandmother] Iya, yuk (Yes, let’s go)

[Father] Siap!(Ready!)

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Before Angel says “siap’ to her father, the grandmother informs Angel that we want to go to Jakarta by saying “Kita ke Jakarta”. Than, Angel respnds her statement by ansswering ”Jakarta”. After that section, Spatial grammar and simultaneity which is done by Angel to say “siap!” to her father when her father asks “siap?” to Angel . She uses right hand and also uses two fingers (thumb and little finger) for giving the information to her father that, she is ready to go the place where they want to go. Whereas, her right hand moves down.

Afterwards, there are other examples can be seen in the next datum at (14.22–14.30)

Datum 3 (14.22–14.30)

Spatial grammar and simultaneity is also used in this scene. This scene presents about the statement that is said by Angel to her grandmother. When Angel arrives in the new home, she feels so tired after arriving in her home. But, the grandmother Spatial Grammar and

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and Angel talk about the flowers that have not been watered yet. The statement shows below.

[Angel] Capek(tired)(using sign language) [Grandmother] Ini belom disiram(it has not been watered

yet)

[Angel] belum disiram?(has not it been watered yet?)–using sign language

[Grandmother] Iya (yes, it has not)

From the conversation above, it only focuses on the first Angel statement that tells her feeling tired. Spatial grammar and simultaneity is used by Angel when she feels tired and she say “capek”to her grandmother, after that her grandmother talks with other topic.

The statement can be seen when angel uses her right hand up to down for signing her feeling about she feels tired after arriving the home and she uses litt;e bit sound too. It informs her grandmother about her feeling. In another datum, Angel says “sini” to her grandmother after she comes in the house. It can be found the datum (14.40–14.56) below

Spatial Grammar and

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Datum 4 (14.40–14.56)

This scene is about, After Angel arrives and comes in the new house, she feels so surpised about the house. Angel starts the conversation with her grandmother after came in the house. Then, she calls her grandmother to come in the house fast. The short conversation is done below.

[Angel] wah, sini(wah! Come here1)(using sign language)

[Grandmother] bagus?(good?)

[Angel] bagus(good)(using sign language) [Grandmother] duduk duduk(sit down)

In this part, after she comes in the house and calls her grandmother for coming to Angel by uttering “sini” using sign language. She uses spatial grammar and simultaneity to her grandmother. She says “sini!” to her grandmother. She uses her right hand and palm of hand to call her grandmother. Then, she

Spatial Grammar and

Simultaneity

Spatial Grammar and

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uses thumb in her right hand to utter “bagus” after her grandmother needs the opinion and asks “bagus?”to Angel about the home. The grandmother understand well about Angel’s statements.

Spatial grammar and simultaneity is also in the conversation between Angel and Suryo (as her father) when Angel wants to apply in the new school. The datum (15.29 – 16.21) can be presented below.

Datum 5 (15.29–16.21)

This datum tells about the when Angel wants to go to her new school for registering as new student there and she is taken by her father. Before they arrive to the school, Angel talks a lot with her father when they are on their way. She talks about the school condition and her new friends there. She wants to know the information about her friends in her new school because she has to addapt with hew new environment in hernew school. The conversation shows in below.

[Angel] Ayah, sekolahnya bagus?(dad, is the school good?) (using sign language)

[Father] iya, sekolahnya pasti bagus(yes, the school is good) [Angel] sekolahnya jauh kan?(the school is far, is not it?)

(using sign language)

[Father] Enggak, enggak jauh. Sedikit lagi sampai. Itu sekolahnya.(no, it is not far. A few more, we arrive. That is the school)

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[Angel] yah, bagaimana kalau teman-temanku gak baik? (dad, how about if my friends are not good?)(using sign language)

[Father] teman-teman baru kamu pasti baik. Mereka pasti bisa menerima kamu. Pasti. Coba ayah lihat dulu sekarang. Anak kesayangan ayah sudah besar. Cantik lagi. Ayah bangga sama kamu sayang.(your new friends are good. They can accept you. Sure, Let’s dad look at now. Daddy’s beloved daughter has grown up. Beautiful too. Daddy is proud of you baby)

Spatial Grammar

and Simultaneity

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1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

Pictures 1, 2 and 3Spatial Grammar and Simultaneity

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3.

In this scene, there are three spatial grammar and simultaneity features are used Angel when she wants to asks about her new school. She says, “Ayah, sekolahnya bagus?”and also “sekolahnya jauh kan?” to her father to get the information about her school. She does the sign language using both of hand and some fingers to make her father more understand. Then, her father answer the question by using sign language too. He said that, “iya, sekolahnya pasti bagus” and “enggak, enggak jauh, sedikit lagi sampai. Itu sekolahnya”.

She continues her questions to her father about her new friends in the new school. She uses spatial grammar and simultaneity to say “yah, bagaimana kalau teman-temanku gak baik?” to her father. She combines both of hand and little sound to make her father understand. Then, her father responds her question “teman-teman baru kamu pasti baik. Mereka pasti bisa menerima kamu. Pasti.” So, from those statements, they can understand each other by using sign language. In this scene, the Pictures 1, 2 and 3Spatial Grammar and Simultaneity

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sign language is used by Angel and her father when the conversation is began.

4.1.1.3. Placement

Placement is used for signing the place around the deaf people. This feature uses the eyes gesture and the hand for pointing the space. The example of placement is presented in the Disk 1 below.

Datum 1 (8.43–8.45)

In the first conversation, it is held by her father when they want to go to Angel’s school. Angel starts to talk with her father about the school where she will study there. The first conversation is started by Angel and she uses sign language. The conversation is in the datum below.

[Suryo] Angel, itu sekolah kamu yang baru. (Angel, that is your new school)

[Angel] Itu sekolah ku? (Is that my school?) using sign language

[Suryo] Iya. Coba, ayah lihat dulu. Hmm, bajunya udah rapi. Anak ayah udah cantik, udah siap sekolah ya. Umuach. Yuk!(Yes. Wait, daddy sees first. Hmm, the cloth has cleaned. Father’s child has been beautiful, has been already to school right. Let’s go!)

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The using placement feature in this conversation is done by Angel when Angel wants to go to school with her father. From the picture above, Angel uses her right hand for pointing the school. She said “Ayah, itu sekolah ku?” and she also uses the little sound that is unclear. She points the school by using the index finger to make her father understand about her statement.

The placement can be found in the other scene when Angel moves to the other city by using car with her grandmother and her father. The conversation is done by Angel and her grandmother. The datum is explained below.

Datum 2 (13.52 - 14.04)

This datum talks about the city where Angel and her family want to move in another city especially Jakarta. When the Placement

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conversation is began, Angel repeat her grandmother’s statement especially about the city’s name. The conversation is done in the car below.

[Grandmother] Kita ke Jakarta(We go to Jakarta) [Angel] Jakarta–using sign language [Grandmother] Iya, yuk(Yes, Let’s go)

[Father] Siap!(Ready!)

[Angel] Siap!(Ready!) (using sign language)

Based on the pictures and scene above, Angel repeats the word from her grandparent when her grandparent said that “kita ke Jakarta” and Angel follows to say “Jakarta” by using sign language. The placement that is used by Angel is about the using

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the both hands and raises up the right hand by using the point finger to tell about the place where she wants to visit. Her grandmother responses her statement “Iya” to Angel. So, from this scene, she can use placement feature in this scene.

Datum 3 (21.53–23.13)

In this scene, the conversation is began by Angel when the class is breaking time. She walks to meet her new friend closely in the out of the class. She starts to do communication with Hendra as her new friend in school. It is shown in below.

[Angel] Aku boleh disini(may I be in here?)sign language [Hendra] Iya iya silakan silakan duduk duduk boleh boleh

(yes, sit down please, you may)

[Angel] Nama kamu siapa? Siapa?(what is your name? what?)–using sign language

[Hendra] Apa?(what?)

[Angel] Oh lupa bentar–using sign language(She writes the question)

[Hendra] Hendra, H-E-N-D-R-A

[Angel] HENDRA(using sign language)

[Hendra] udah bel, yuk kita masuk. Waktunya masuk kelas (the bel has rang, let’s we come in the class. It is time to come in the class)

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2.

3.

Before Angel comes to Hendra, Hendra smiles to her and she responds and feels so confused with Hendra. Angel goes to close to Hendra and says permission “aku boleh disini?” to sit down beside him. Then, Hendra responses to her“Iya iya silakan silakan duduk duduk boleh boleh”to allow her sitting beside him.

When Angel asks permission to Hendra, she uses both hands and points the desk that is sat by Hendra. It is called placement because Angel tells to Hendra by pointing the place by helping the sound and it helps Hendra understand about Angel’s statement. The other examples are not only when Angel gets new friend. But it is found in other scenes.

Datum 4 (25.27–25.52)

Pictures 1, 2 and 3 Placement

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In this scene is told when Angel and Hendra walk around the school area. They talk a lot about the school. Hendra tells about the room and laboratory in the school to Angel, after that Angel feels so surprised after seeing the music room. The name music room is signed by Angel to Hendra. The explanation is presented below:

[Hendra] Terus di ujung lagi laboratorium, kamu bisa belajar fisika, biologi disitu, wah enak komplit pokoknya. (Then, in the corner, there is laboratory, you can learn physic, biology in that place. wah, that is good and completely)

[Angel] hah[surprised expression by pointing the room] ruang musik(music room)–using sign language [Hendra] Ruang Musik ya bener bener(music room, yes, that

is right)–he tries to use the sign language from Angel

[Angel] Iya kan?(right?)–using sign language

1.

2.

Pictures 1 and 2 are Placement

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From the scene and the pictures above, Angel tells to Hendra about the music room in their school. Angel performs the sign language by using her both hands when she said “ruang musik”to Hendra. Hendra starts to respond the Angel’s statement by repeating sign language from Angel to make him more understand.

The sign language uses her both hands are little bit raised for telling the room. Then, the hands are shaped like a violin for telling the music. So that, it can be defined as the placement feature of sign language that is proven by Angel. Hendra starts to understand about the sign language that has been used by Angel. Then, he also repeats Angel’s sign language.

4.1.1.4. Non-Manual Feature

In the sign language communication, there some kinds of the feature and one of them is non-manual feature. I uses to interact and give information by using part of the body with hands such as cheeks, mouth, eyes and so on. The using of non-manual feature is presented in the datum below.

Datum 1 (19.38)

Non-manual feature is also found in Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda? movie to help Angel in exploring her language. In this scene, the moment is in the living room together before Angel

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goes to the school. Her grandmother gives a note for Angel to make the communication easily. After that, Angel wants to permit to go to school with her grandmother. The little conversation is in below.

[Grandmother] Angel, sini! Cantik sekali. Ini buku bunda bikin tempat kamu menulis semua isi hati dan pikiranmu. Kamu bisa ungkapkan disini. (Angel, come here! You are so beautiful. This is a book that is made by me for you. You can write your heart and your mind. You can say in here)

[Angel] tulis?(write?)–using sign language [Grandmother] ya tulis yah disini(yes, write in here) Angel] bye–using sign language

[Grandmother] kamu cantik sekali. Hati hati ya! (you are so beautiful, take care!)

[Father] Angel, kamu sudah siap? (Angel, have you been ready?)

[Angel] Sudah(ready)–using sign language

[Father] Pamit sama nenek! (permit with your grandmother!)

[Angel] Assalamu’allaikum

[Grandmother] Waalaikumsalam [Father] Assalamu’allaikum

[Angel] dah–using sign language

In this scene, it is found non-manual feature that is used by Angel in permitting to her grandmother when she wants to go to school. Before she permits to her grandmother her father says first Non-manual

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“pamit sama nenek”. Then, Angel says “Assalamu’alaikum” to her grandmother by uttering unclear sound.

The using of non-manual feature by using her mouth and little bit sound to make her grandmother understand well about her statement about “assalamu’allaikum”. The non-manual feature does not only happen in this scene but also in other scenes

Datum 2 (27.54–28.27)

This scene is about when Angel plays the piano in the music room with Hendra. Then, Mrs. Katerina feels so surprised after open the door of the music room when Angel is playing the piano comes in to the room to make them surprised. Mrs. Katerina starts to talk with Angel and she is proud of her. After that, she invites Angel to join the music group. The conversation is held below.

[Mrs. Katerina] Angel(she looks very surprised)

[Hendra] (he blows smoothly)Dibilangin juga apa (what I do say?)

[Mrs. Katerina] Angel, ibu gak nyangka kalau kamu bisa main piano(Angel, I never imagine that, you can play the piano)

[Hendra] (He blows smoothly again to give the Mrs.

Katerina’s statement to Angel)Itu itu(that

is, that is)-using sign language

[Mrs. Katerina] Kamu mau bergabung sama kelompok musik kami?(do you want to join with our music group?)

[Hendra] he says to Angel “Mau, mau iya mau mau iya (I want, yes I want)

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[Mrs. Katerina] Mau? Ibu turut seneng Angle dengernya (do you want? I am so happy to hear that, Angel)

In this scene, when Angel and Hendra come in the music room. They are so surprised after Mrs. Katerina opens the door and calls“Angel”. Then, she walks to close Angel and Hendra to say “ibu gak nyangka kalau kamu bisa main piano”. In this moment, Hendra starts to blow Angel to give pointing that, there is Mrs. Katerina. He says“itu itu” by signing the language. After it happens, Mrs Katerina says to invite Angel to join in the music group, the statement is “kamu mau bergabung sama kelompok musik kami?”Angel answers“iya, iya”by Hendra’s help.

The non-manual feature happens when Angel says “iya iya” to Mrs. Keterina, she does by nod her head and using her mouth to make clear meaning. After she answers Mrs. Katerina’s question, Mrs. Katerina feels happy after hearing Angel’s answer. So, she uses her head and her mouth to utter the word“iya”based on this scene.

Non-manual Feature

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Datum 3 (34.41–35.08)

In this conversation, it is begun when Angel, her father and her grandmother are in the bedroom. But, it only focuses on the Angel and her father conversation. Angel does not want to get out from her bedroom after getting mistreatment from Agnes and her friend in the scene (32.12 - 32.21). She cries in the bedroom until her father and her grandmother come in her bedroom to talk about her. Her father sees the Angel’s hands which are bruised especially in her fingers. The conversation is in below.

[Suryo] [open the door]Angel, Angel, Angel. Hey Angel, Kamu kenapa? Kok…!!!

(Angel, Angel, Angel. Hey Angel, What is wrong with you? Ups….)

[Angel] [she hides her hands beside her]

[Suryo] [he looks so surprised about Angel’s hands]

tangan kamu kenapa?(what is wrong with your hands?)

[Angel] Enggak! (no!)–using sign language

[Suryo] Ayah lihat sini, sini ayah lihat Angel. Angel

tangan kamu kenapa Angel, Angel.(daddy wants to see, daddy wants to see Angel. what is wrong with your hands? Angel, Angel.) [Her Grandmother] [She is surprised after hearing Suryo’s

screaming and comes in the bedroom]Angel, Angel kenapa ini begini?(Angel, Angel, why is like this?)

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Furthermore, the writer also found the stages of Angel in acquiring and exploring the language using sign language which passed by Angel based

on Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda? movie. Those stages are pre-linguistic

stage, stage of vocal development, single words until two words sentences, pointing gestures development of vocabulary and multi word combinations and she knows about every statement. The writer did not only find the features that are used by Angel and the stage in acquiring and exploring the language using sign language but also another way such as writing way to communicate and explaining Angel’s statement.

5.2. Suggestion

From this study, the researcher has found some features of sign language that are used by Angel based on this movie. Then, he also found the process of Angel in acquiring and exploring the language using sing language from she was born until she has been adult through her environment and her parents. She can pass her language stages.

The finding is not complete enough especially in the features of sign language. The researcher has not found all features that are used by Angel based on this movie. Then the researcher hopes for the next researchers who want to use this topic about sign language, they can find completely about this topic especially the features of sign language.

It is not only about that, the writer also suggests for the next researcher can conduct the research based on the same object by using

✄1

different themes or other theories. By using other themes or other theories, the next researchers can enrich or complete more things about the features of sign language and the language process study.

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