LANGUAGE STYLE USED BY JONAS IN "THE GIVER MOVIE" MOVIE.

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Arts and Humanities

State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya

By:

HUMAIROH AZIZAH

Reg Number. A83212129

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN AMPEL

LANGUAGE STYLE USED BY JONAS IN “THE GIVER”

MOVIE

THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Arts and Humanities

State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya

By:

HUMAIROH AZIZAH

Reg Number. A83212129

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN AMPEL

SURABAYA

2016

University Sunan Ampel of Surabaya. Advisor : Endratno Pilih Swasono, M.Pd

Key Word : Language, Language style, Movie, and “The Giver” movie.

In Expression of communication action, every human uses language style in spoken and written form. In choosing words and languages style, every human has different way based the situation and people faced. In formal situation, speaker usually chooses polite words and gives good structure. But it becomes different when the speaker chooses casual style in relaxed condition with family and friends. In this thesis, the writer aims to analyze language style that is shown by main character in film “The Giver”. The uses of language style and language function are shown in communication. The interest in this thesis is the story having a theme about equalization that is a society without a change to determine a life. There are many characters in this film, but writer focuses on one of characters that is Jonas. This thesis emphasizes language style in daily activity in spoken form.

This thesis uses Martin Joos theory. It distinguishes language style in five types that are frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and intimate. But, in this thesis, it does not find frozen language because the condition shown is daily activity in society. Writer uses descriptive method. Main instrument in this thesis is writer itself in description and collection data in scripts of film “The Giver”.

After analyzing data, writer concludes that Jonas as the main character in film “The Giver” is more dominant in using intimate language style. It happens because Jonas speaks more with his friend and family. Other language style sometimes used by Jonas is casual and consultative shown in semi-formal like training. But language style seldom is formal, it is used little in formal situation. Besides that, language function used by Jonas has delivery of mean in different forms based on situation and aim.

INTISARI

Azizah, Humairoh. 2016. Language Style used by Jonas in “The Giver” movie . Thesis, English Departmen, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, State Islamic

University Sunan Ampel of Surabaya. Pembimbing : Endratno Pilih Swasono, M.Pd

Kata Kunci : Bahasa, Gaya Bahasa, Film, dan Film “The Giver” .

Dalam pengungkapan suatu ekspresi berkomunikasi, setiap orang menggunakan gaya bahasa baik bertutur kata dalam bentuk lisan maupun tulisan. Dalam pemilihan kata dan tata bahasa setiap orang memiliki cara yang berbeda-beda sesuai dengan keadaan dan siapa yang dihadapi. Biasanya dalam keadaan formal pembicara memilih kata-kata yang sopan dan penyusunan kalimatnya baik. Berbeda jika menghadapi situasi yang santai dengan keluarga dan teman, pembicara menggunakan pemilihan kata yang santai dan akrab. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis bertujuan untuk menganalisa gaya bahasa yang ditunjukkan oleh pemeran utama dalam film “The Giver”. Penggunaan gaya bahasa dan juga fungsi bahasa dalam penyampaian yang ditunjukkan dalam ucapan berkomunikasi. Ketertarikan dalam penelitian ini adalah cerita yang bertemakan kesetaraan yang mengankat cerita suatu komunitas masyarakat tanpa adanya kesempatan dalam menentukan hidup. Didalam film ini banyak memiliki karakter, tetapi penulis tertarik dan fokus hanya pada satu karakter yaitu Jonas. Penelitian ini menekankan gaya bahasa dalam kehidupan sehari-hari terutama dalam bentuk lisan.

Penelitian ini menggunakan teori dari Martin Joos yang membedakan gaya bahasa kedalam 5 tipe, yakni frozen, formal, consultative, casual, dan intimate. Namun, dalam penelitian ini tidak ditemukan gaya bahasa frozen dikarenakan situasi dan kondisi yang ti tampilkan adalah aktifitas sehari-hari didalam bermasyarakat. Penulis menggunkan metode deskriptif kualitatif dalam penelitian, ini dikarenakan analisis data dalam bentuk kata deskriptif. Alat utama dalam analisis ini adalah penulis itu sendiri dalam penggambaran dan pengumpulan data dari skrip teks film “The Giver”.

Setelah mendapatkan data dan menganalisisnya, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa Jonas sebagai pelaku utama didalam film “The Giver” lebih dominan dalam menggunakan gaya bahasa intimate. Hal ini dikarenakan Jonas lebih banyak berkomunikasi dengan teman dan keluarganya. Gaya bahasa lain yang terkadang Jonas gunakan adalah casual dan consultative yang di gunakan dalam situasi semi formal seperti halnya saat pelatihan. Namun gaya bahasa yang jarang digunakan adalah formal yang hanya beberapa kali muncul di siatuasi yang fomal. Selain itu fungsi bahasa yang digunakan Jonas memiliki penyampaian maksud dalam bentuk yang berbeda-beda sesuai dengan keadaan dan tujuan.

Declaration Page ... iii

Thesis Advisor’s Approval Page ... iv

Dedication Page ... v

Motto ... vii

Thesis Exemaniner’s Approval Page ... viii

Acknowledgements ... ix

Table of Contents ... x

Abstract ... xiii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of The Study ... 1

1.2. Statement of The Problems ... 6

1.3. The Objectives of The Study ... 6

1.4. Significance of The Study ... 6

1.5. Scope and Limitation ... 7

1.6. Definition of Key Term ... 7

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Theoretical Framework ... 9

2.1.1 Sociolinguistic ... 9

2.1.1.1 Language Variation ... 10

2.1.1.1.2. Accent ... 12

2.1.1.1.3. Dialect ... 13

2.1.1.1.4. Style ... 13

1) Kind of Language Style ... 15

a. Formal Style ... 15

b. Frozen Style ... 16

c. Casual Style ... 17

d. Consultative Style ... 17

e. Intimate Style ... 18

2) The Function of Language ... 19

a. Referential Function ... 19

b. Emotive Function ... 19

c. Conative Function ... 20

d. Metalingual Function ... 20

e. Phatic Function ... 20

f. The Function of Language Style ... 20

2.2. Previous Related Studies ... 21

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Research Research Design ... 25

3.2. Instrument ... 26

4.1 Findings ... 29

4.1.1 Kinds of Language Style in “The Giver” movie ... 29

4.1.1.1 Formal Style ... 30

4.1.1.2 Consultative Style ... 33

4.1.1.3 Casual Style ... 37

4.1.1.4 Intimate Style ... 42

4.1.2 The Function of Language ... 46

4.1.2.1 Referential Function ... 47

4.1.2.2 Emotive Function ... 49

4.1.2.3 Conative Function ... 51

4.1.2.4 Metalingual Function ... 52

4.1.2.5 Phatic Function ... 54

4.2. Discussion ... 57

CHAPTER V: CONCLUTION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ... 62

5.2 Suggestion ... 64

References ... 65

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

In this chapter, the writer will be explaining six parts of introduction which they are background of study, research problem, research purpose, significance of the study, scope and limitations, and definition of key term.

1.1 Background of study

Communication is a process of transfering and delifering information from one to others. The process of human communication itself use language as a tolls. In other that, language be able to facilate people in activity of society. The language product in communication has several forms, such as requested something, for asking, for giving information, entertaining and others. The communication form occures in literary , such as movie, comedy, poetry, drama and others.

Language is a tool of people to interact each others. It is related with Chaer ( Abdul Chaer 2003 ) state that language is not only sound symbol syistem arbiter which used by group of society to communicate, cooperate each other and also identifies them. Therefore, language has the different ways in speaker’s desire to get information. Language should be considered some factors in communication. those are setting, participant, ends, act sequences, key, instrumental, norms and genres (Haymes 1974). Moreover, the different ways in spoken delivery is style personality. According to Missikova (2003:16), style is a way of speech or a kind

of utterance which is formed by means of conscious and intentional selection, systematic patterning and implementation of linguistic and extra-linguistic means with respect to the topic, situation, function, author’s intention and content of an utterance. Furthermore, some theory as like Joos (1967) in the Five O’clocks is devided into five types, those are Frozen, Formal, Consultative, Casual and Intimate. All the types have characterization and function such as frozen which is actually used in religion ceremonial, casual which is appropriating in relax situation and intimate commonly in conversation with close friend.

Language style expresses human feeling. It produces language by oral and written form. In writing, the writer puts the utterances form in spoken language. While, in oral form, the speaker delivers a message in order to be a heard and know what the speaker wants directly. Joos (1967: 50 ) stated that speaking is very formal or very informal choice are being governed by circumstance . It can be concluded that conversation can determine the situation with whom they talk and adapt where the place is.

Talking about communication, it cannot separate with media as a tool to get information or life entertainment activity. Movie is the one of literary interpreted cultures. Sometimes, movie is called as film a type of visual communication which is used by moving pictures and sound to tell or inform the stories that help people to learn. The most people in the world watch movies as a type of entertaiment or a way of having fun. Furthermore, fun movie means movies that make the viewer laugh. Otherwise, there is a movie that make them crying or

3

feeling afraid. Movie has some genres such as love, comedy, education, fiction and others.

From the explanation above, the writer decides to choose one of American movie entittled “The Giver” movie. Related to the genre, “The Giver” is Canadian-America-South African social scince fiction film directed by Philip Noyce. The movie is played by nine actor and actres, they are Jeff Bridges as The Giver, Brento Thwaites as Jonas, Odeya Rush as Fiona, Meryl Streep as The Chief Elder, Alexander Skarsgard as Jonas' father, Katie Holmes as Jonas' mother, Cemeron Monaghan as Asher and famous singer Taylor Swift as Rosemary .This movie adopted from a novel by Lois Lowry in 1993 but in 2014 presented movie of this novel.

“The Giver” movie presents a story of world in sameness without having differences and choice. This movie appropriated a social phenomenon about future world condition in fiction act. Most people of community do not know race, culture, religion, ethno centricity, love, and death. Furthermore, they live with straight rules from the chief of community. They live in sameness of a fairly because this sameness, createsa mistake to young people revolt to their wrong life occurred. There is Jonas who gives a better live to be a simple life normally. Jonas feels different with his friend because can see the green of leaves. It distinguishes Jonas to other people in that community, that is able to see grey colour only. The strength of Jonas appears when the graduation process of getting a job as receiver of a memory in the past.

The writer is interesting with the role play of this movie and decided to analyze language of this community because of the theme of this movie showing sameness. This movie appears nine characters but the most intereset one is Jonas as main charactere of “The Giver” movie. That is because Jonas has attractive language style on “ The Giver’ movie. The writer analyse the function of Jonas language as well.

There are many previouse research which are conducted with the object and theoritical in analysis. The first research is conducted with this study are the research of Nurul Fahmi (2014) as the student of UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Nurul talks about the language style in a serial story Garising Pepesthen in the

Panjebar Semangat magazine. The resercher explains about the specific language and the style in Java language in one of media news especially magazine. Moreover, the resercher revealed the level of Javanese language practiced in the society and that she applied on her analysis. This research provide five types of language style by Martin Joos theory. Analyzing Java language based on level and society’s norm in written text by magazine as object.

The second reserch are research of Nabillah Rachmawati, (2015) student of UIN Surabaya entitle “ Language Style used by Endrew and Margaret in “ The Proposal” movie”. This research analyzes Endrew and Margareth utterance applied Keraf theory in language style. In this analyzing using Keraf theory, the researcher classify language of Endrew and Margareth into three kinds, they are formal, informal and colloquial. Furthermore, after classify the researcher continued with function of language style used by two characters. The result

5

reveals that is the most of styles used by two characters are informal and colloquial style.

Similar with Rahardia Rosyidin, which used movie as the object. His thesis entitled “Language Style in Fury Movie” (2015), he isstudent of UIN Sunan Ampel Suarabaya. His thesis analyze language style all character to know what language style use. Theory of Martin Joos is applied in this research to find how many types of style are uses. Nevertheless, this research gives some contribution to support this study. The characteristic of five types in language style while be a sources enrich knowledge about style. This research uses Descriptive Qualitative to find the conclusion within Fury movie language style used.

There are some reasons the writer chooses this title. First, genre of this movie is fiction. Furthermore, story which describe future without differences and choice for human in every side. Character and setting is unique and sameness is the key word of this movie. The second, because of sameness some words commonly we are practice , the words related with emotion such as love, and affection forbiden to used of this community because classify in impolite word.

Language have role of utterence in “The Giver” movie. Moreovere, the writer wants to analyze style of main character in this movie to know the style of language which is used in daily activity. This study emphasizes the language style, particularly in spoken form which is used in “The Giver” movie script.

1.2 Statement of The Problems

Based on the background of study above, the writer wants to find the answers of the question as follows:

1.2.1 What kinds of language style used by Jonasin“The Giver” movie? 1.2.2 What are the fuction of each type in language style used by Jonas

in “The Giver” movie?

1.3 The Objectives of the Study

Based on the research question above, the aim of the research is as follows:

1.3.1 To describe kinds of language used by Jonas in “The Giver”movie. 1.3.2 To describe the fuctions of each type in language style used by

Jonas“The Giver” movie.

1.4 Significance of the study

This study of language style gives some significat contributions to reader. Personally, the writer hopes this study can be understood from the aspect of culture. The reader is able to know about the kinds of language style and the function each types of language used in “The Giver” movie. The finding of this study is expected to give theoretically contribution whithin enrich knowlage about language style in daily conversation. Hopefully, this study can be usefull for student of English Department in particular student of UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. It can be source of next study about language style.

7

1.5 Scope and Limitations

The researcher only talks about a language which is used in script movie“The Giver” by Philip. This movie has many characters but the writer only focuses on the main character. The conversation or dialogue of Jonas as main character is the object of analyzing this study.

1.6 Definition of Key Term

Language :

Bahasa adalah sistem lambang bunyi yang arbiterer yang digunakan oleh para anggota kelompok sosial untyk bekerja sama, berkomunikasi, dan mengidentifikasi diri.

In english definition language from Abdul Chaer, language is sound symbol syistem arbiter which used by group ofsociety to communicate, cooperate each other and also identify themself. ( Abdul Chaer 2003: 32)

Language Style:

Style refers to ways of speaking and how speakers use theresource of language variation tomake meaning in socialencounters. (Nicolas Coupland, 2007)

Movie:

A series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phenomenon. This optical illusion causes

the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film)

“The Giver” :

“The Giver” is Canadian-America-South African social scince fiction film directed by philip Noyce. Starting nine actor and actres, they are Jeff Bridges as The Giver, Brento Thwaites as Jonas, Odeya Rush as Fiona, Meryl Streep as The Chief Elder, Alexander Skarsgardas Jonas' father, Katie Holmes as Jonas' mother, Cemeron Monaghan as Asher and famous singer Taylor Swift as Rosemary .This movie adopted from a novel by Lois Lowry in 1993 but in 2014 presented movie of this novel.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter discusses about concept of languagae style, the kinds of langugae style and the functions of language style. The first concept is talking about sociolinguistic that has language variation. Language variation is divided into five point. Those are Dialect, Accent, Language, Register and Style. The kinds of style are Formal, Intimate, Frozen, Casual, Consultative.

2.1 TheoreticalFramework

2.1.1. Sociolinguistic

Sociolinguistics is concerned with investigating the relationships between language and society with the goal being a better understanding of the structure of language and how language function in communication ( Wardhaugh 2002:12). Moreover, language and society cannot be separated each other because the function is to communicate. Other side, language is used as human identity in the community of region. It can create the culture of one region to make the rule or police there. Language has the characteristic in every place because the ethnic of one place is different with another.It is related with Holmes (1992) statement that the sociolinguist’s aim is to move toward a theory which provides a motivated account of the way language is used in a community, and of the choices people make when they use language. The concept of sociolinguistic is also related with Coulmas (1997:2) that “Sociolinguistic is the study of the correlations between

language use and social structure”. The concept how people within structured their live together in society represents some ways such as identity, power, class, status, solidarity, accommodation, face, gender, politness, and the others. The social status actually languages are differs, the rule and level which should be practiced. It differs from the average listener, though, in trying to develop an awareness of language that goes below the level of social stereotypes (Mayerhoff, Miriam 2006: 28)

Language consists of word, vocabulary, phrase, sentences, grammatical. So, ithas differences each other. The language begins from word but the set of words is vocabulary. Every place has the characteristic that has differences each other. Sometimes, we can find one region which has different character such as Surabaya and Gresik that both have different pronoun and dialect also.

Sociolinguistic has a variety included language, dialect, registers, styles or other form as well as a standard variety. This study uses the style of language to analyzekindsof language style which is used in the writer subject is“The Giver” movie.

2.1.1.1 Language Variation

It includes languages, dialects, accents, registers, styles, or any other sociolinguistic variation. Variation means the variety of language in society, the differences of every community or region is a common. It happens because of several factors. Particularly, the main factor is culture. Every place has the characteristic and culture itself. This factor influences

11

the language form. There is considerable variation in the speech of any individual but there are also definite bounds to that variation: no individual is free to do just exactly what he or she pleases so far as language is concerned ( Wardaugh 2006). You cannot pronounce words any way you please, inflect or not inflect words. The variety of language are so many, we can know the dialect and vocabulary also. In one place, usually, the vocabulary selection is different as well depended on the norm. For the example, Javanese language has the level to communicate. The choice to use level in java language is appropriateness of the speaker and the interlocutor based on the age. That is the one of rules in Javanese culture. Hudson and Ferguson agree in defining variety in terms of a specific set of ‘linguistic items’ or ‘human speech patterns’ (presumably, sounds, words, grammatical features, etc.) which we can uniquely associate with some external factor (presumably, a geographical area or a social group) (An introduction to Sociolinguistic 2002:25).So, the variety language occurs because of some factors follows. First, different linguistic system for different languages and the next factors are different way of speaking to different situations as the explanation above using language in Javanese has the level to use. The user or society must know the rule or norm that is owned by the region itself. Next is language which is not asocial, relates to the society who use it, and it’s always changes. So, language agreements are decided of one community to use in behavior as communicate tools.

2.1.1.1.1 Language

Languages has a strong connection between ethnicity. It proves to be invaluable of nation-building because language become identity of region as cultural. Moreover, it can aslo be fraught with problem within groups seek to realize some other identity. Moreover, people usually know what language they speak, they may not always lay claim to be fully qualified speakers of that language. They may experience difficulty in deciding whether what they speak should be called a language proper or merely a dialect of some language.

Chaer said that Language is sound symbol syistem arbiter which used by group of society to communicate, cooperate each other and also identify themself. It related with statement of Wardugh, Trager and so on. (Abdul Chaer, 2003:16)

2.1.1.1.2 Accent

Speakers differ (or vary) at the level of pronunciation only (phonetics and/or phonology). They have different accents. Their grammar may be wholly or largely the same. Accents can index a speaker’s regional/geographic origin, or social factors such as level and type of education, or even their attitude (Ronald Wardaugh, 2006 :27).

13

2.1.1.1.3 Dialect

Dialect is language variation which is used by a group of people in one area or one time. For the example, in Indonesia,we know Java dialect Banyumas, Java dialect Tegal, Java dialect Surabaya and the others. ( Chaer, Abdul 2003:55)

According to Indonesia Wikipedia, the classifications of Javanese languageare various dialect. There are West Java dialect which consists of some region such as Banten , Cirebon, Tegal using Ngapak language and Bandungused Sunda. It is different with dialect of Central Java with another character such as Semarang, Yogyakarta and Solo. In this case, East Java has a different dialect.It can be seen some areas such as Malang, Kediri, Surabaya, Ngawi, Probolinggo, Ngada (Tengger), Lumajang, Banyuwangi (Oseng). The form of variation actually in Java language can varies. The point of explanation above that Java language has some dialects in one region such as East Java. All of them occure because different in each society communication with standart language every place.

2.1.1.1.4 Style

Style refers to ways of speaking – how speakers use the resource of language variation to make meaning in social encounters. (Nicolas Coupland 2007). Indeed, Coupland statement clarifies In the book of Martin(Joss “ The Five Clocks” 1967 the kind of style are frozen, formal,

consultative, casual, intimate. Frozen is used in a very formal setting or situation. For example, official ceremony, religious ritual, national constitution, etc. Formal is used in formal situation such as presidential meeting, education, religious speech, official letter, etc. Consultative is used for operational language such as speaking between student & teacher, boss &employee. Casual is used in relax and informal situation .Intimate is used in intimate & the most relax situation.

Meyerhoff claims that language style also can describe the personality, mindset, condition of human (A Sociolinguistic Study Of Shifting Formalities 2006:27). So, human condition can created human’s language in activity such as when someone has normal condition it will be different from casual condition.

According to Keraff ( Diksi dan Gaya Bahasa 2009: 12) said that style is come from Latin word “Stilus”, that as tool to write in candle plaque. The skill in using this tool influance clearness of writing in that plaque. Because of that development, language style becomes a part of diction or the word , certain pharase or clause in facing a certain occasion.

In journal of Rika (2014) takes Hornby statement that “style is distinctive manner of doing, performing, or presenting something” (Hornby). So, according to Hornby in Rika’s thesis, I conclude that style is presenting of language in one society which are represented as cultural. However, language in society is the norm, policy and the rule of belief.

15

1) Kinds of Language style

Martin Joss (1967:153) devided language style into four type there are: Frozen style, a formal style, a consultative style, a casual style, and Intimate syle . The explanation of those styles are :

1. Formal style

Nations of linguistic formality are closely connected to issue of solidarity, politeness, respect, status and hierarchies (Erika Solyom). In oxford dictionary, the meaning of formality is something done or happening as a matter of course and without question. So, formal is the speech or language with the rule within the norm of the speaker. Formal style is common in meeting, discussion or gathering with the higher level to get the relation in our business. In news, all the side use formal language or formal style to show the politeness. Such as, News paper, the writing language uses formal to deliver the message to the reader.

According to Labov ( 1972), the formal rule in linguistic has a function to account for variable optionally. In speech, every one actually must be careful. It is called formal. In other hand, the informal language is said casually. The example of casual is like talking with friends. We should not use the formal language to communicate because it will show the frozen act in our conversation. So, the formal language is only used depending on the context

and situation, condition and also with whom we talk at that time or appropriate moment.

Formality and informality in spoken or written language are appropriate in the situation. This is described to the event or the level of formality. Alison Wray& Aileen Bloomer (2006: 84) give the statement “A written text is not necessarily more formal than an oral text where the topic is the same”. So from that statement, oral text and written text are different if they have the same topic to discuss. That can find in the novel or humor books such as comic. We can know in verbal communication between president and society must use formal form. Otherwise, the creativity of human can be unique to deliver the assumption or idea to government. The art creature can improve their opinion with picture or article as the media. Yet, in the media news, formal and informal languages are so important because impolite word or a sentence determines their image in public. From that statement, I conclude the media news must use Formality.

2. Frozen style

This style is commonly for prose writing or for speech. Frozen style is used in a very formal setting or situation. It usually occures on official ceremony, religious ritual, national constitution. The text or speech is called as frozen because it is stiffly in practice. This style uses of formal and polite to show the identity of speaker and makes the reader of literary easy to be understood ( Farid Noor Romadhon 2012: 42 ). In Java language, it usually

17

happens in wedding ceremony which is used by MC to open and accept. The sentences indicate frozen style as in poetry “Aunt Jennifer's tigers prance across a screen, “, this line has deep meaning because the style is in act of expression of author feeling.

3. Casual style

This style is usually called as informal language.It refers to the situation in which utterences are expressed. It occurs between speaker and hearer which have close relationship. So, they usually use words repitition and frequently use ellipsis sentences (Teylin 2009: Haryanto, 2001:105). The charactersitic of this style is simply and shorten in speaking while. Commonly, used in inconversation between parent to their children, Family, and so on (Chaer and Agustina, 2014:71). The conversation between mother and her daughter is as follows:

Mother: “Well we need some cheese to make the pizza… Habibti would you mind going to the shops to get me some cheese?”

Amira: “Yes Mum”

4. Consultative style

Consultative style is used in business in discussing something. A speaker who uses this style usually does not plan what he wants to say (Haryanto, 2001:106). This types commonly used in the convesation when school, meeting or the discuss oriented in product or result. (Abdul Chaer and

Leonie Agustina, 2014:71). The example of sentences which point out consultative style, as follows:

a. Excuse me, i think it’s really important for me to add about the topic that we discuss. (TEYLIN 2012 : 42)

b. I see you will change the project and sale it to other compenies, right ?

c. Actually, we have the same views about this problem. So, why dont you join with us?

5. Intimate style

This type of style has a characteristic that is commonly used as personal language codes. It is only for certain grup. It occurs in the certain community which has its own language style (Haryanto 2001: 106). The utterences are usually simple and representative of what the speaker means. Intonation is more important than wording or grammar. The example below :

a. Tea’s cold = Cold

b. Jesus Chris..! = Oh my God c. Damn hot = Hot

19

2) The Functions of Language

Contextual analysis of spoken style in Jakobson’s writing is some ways liberate as well as in other ways constraining. Jakobson (1960) argued that language always has apoetic function, linguistics must account for it, and that it couldand should therefore account for poetry and other artistic forms as well.He does not hint that style has an interactional dimension.Thatstyling needs to be read andinterpreted actively by listeners/readers( Nicolas Coupland 2007: 26 ). In his theory, the functions of language has six parts, there are:

A. Referential Function (the cognitive ordering of propositional

meaning)

The core of the informative function of language is the external situation, the facts of a topic, the reality outside language, included reported ideas or theories.

Informative text provides information about any topic of knowledge. They identify and characterize phenomena. Style: impersonal, objectives, formal, non-emotive. It happens such as in textbooks, technical report, thesis etc.

B. Emotive function (affective and expressive meaning)

The core of expressive function is the mind of the writer/speaker. Language is used by the writer/speaker to express a feelings. Focussing on the writer or speaker, Personal, expression of feelings, attitude, opinions, the example is text of authobiography, personal correspondence, political speech.

C. Conative function (organising meaning relativeto an addressee)

The core of the vocative function is the reader/hearer and the addressee. Language is used to call upon the readership to act, think or feel, to react in the way to produce a certain effect on the addressee. The aim is to convince the readers and persuade. For the example: instructions, advertisement, theses, request.

D. Metalingual function (language ‘glossing’ or referringto itself)

The use of language is called as code by jaconson to discuss or describe itself. ( this entire articel is an example of metalinguistic function)

E. Phatic function (language marking that people arein social contact)

Language is used to establish or maintain contact between the addresser and addressee. The phatic function can be observed in greetings and casual discussions of weather, particularly with stangers. It also provides the keys to open, maintain, verify or close the communication channel while say “Hello?”, “OK?”

F. The Function of Language Style

According to I.R Galperin a functional style of language is a system of interrelated language which means to serves a definite aim in communication. The public style of language becomes a separate style in the middle of the

21

eightheen century. Unlike other style, it has two spoken varieties, namely, the oratorical sub style and the radio and TV commentary. The two sub styles are the essay and journalistic articles. The general aim of public’s style is to influence the public opinion and convince the reader or the listener that the interpretation is given by writer or the speaker which is the only correct one and to cause him accept the expressed point of view.

2.2Previous Related Studies

To expand our knowlage and learning about sociolinguistic, the writer reviews the previous study which has correlation with this study in term of problem, research method, and findings. the previous study was conducted as follows :

First the writer finds the research of Nurul Fahmi (2014) as the student of UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. She talked about the style language in a serial story “Garising Pepesthen” in the Panjebar Semangat magazine. The writer explains what the specific language and the style in Java language in one of media news especially magazine. The result of this analysis is the characters in Penjebar Semangat using four language styles. They mostly use formal style with 13 occureces, consultatives styles is 15 accoreces, casual style with 22 occureces, and the others using intimate style. The purposes of the research, sometimes speakers in the story uses special vocabulary to persuade his friend which happen while talking with family members who have higher status. It differs with casual style

the researcher finding is using informal situation to make informal atmosphere because of talking in equal standing. Furthermore, consultative styles are used to show speaker rank to know position of older speaker, social status and also how talk with strangers. The last are formal style which this research is using to consider polite vocabulary nicety.This research uses descriptives qualitative method in analyzing to get the result of language style used in magazine. The researcher makes herself as the key instrument that is collecting the data from magazine story part. Theory of Martin Joss is used to finish her research. Moreover, the writer shows the level of Javanese language practiced in the society which she applies on her analysis.

Second, the writer finds Nabillah Rachmawati (2015) research. She is student of UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Her thesis title is “Language Style Used by Andrew and Margaret in “The Proposal” Movie”. This research focuses on the language style that used by two main character on the movie. This research provides analysis of style based on the Keraf’s theory. The researcher uses qualitative descriptive method to solve the research problem. The results of this research are the most frequently style used by Andrew and Margaret of “The Proposal” movie is informal and colloquial style. Since the use of informal and colloquial style can make relaxed and friendly impression in the speech. It is really appropriate to be used in the conversation or dialogue form. It is also contained the informal style based on The Proposal movie which is found in three scenes. This research gets several significant improvement. The most significant contribution is that can improve the ability of creating an attractive and creative

23

speaking. Moreover, the researcher can select the appropriate language style in certain context.

Third is conducted by Rahardian Rasyidin (2016), student of UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya entitled” An Analysis of Language Style in “Fury” Movie”. This research analyzes language style used by all characters in “Fury” Movie. The researcher focuses on coversation containing four kinds of language style. There are formal, casual, consultative, and intimate. Theory of Martin Joos occurs in this research to discover analysis in language style field. The data is taken from downloaded movie from official web site. Based on the analysis of researcher, he found 1318 conversations spoken among those characters. From those conversations, there are only 221 dialogues including language style. Those data are detailed as follows: formal style with 29 data, Consultative style 97 data, casual style 102 data, and intimate style 13 data. From five types of language style, only frozen style that cannot be found in analyzing data. From those types of language style, casual style is the dominant type in this research. Meanwhile, frozen style is not found in Fury movie. The frozen style cannot found in this movie because this movie portrays in World War II. This study uses descriptive qualitative as a method. Martin Joos theory about language style is absolutely required to analyze this study.

The similarity of this study with previous studies above is the object of the study, those are a movie. Those researches apply theory of Keraf and some of it uses Joos theory. This study uses movie but in different genre and analysis approach. Thesis of Rachmawati shows romantic genre movie and thesis of

Rahardian is action genre. It is different with this study because it has fiction social phenomenon genre. The writer focuses on one main character utterance. Meanwhile, the other researchers in the previous study use more than one character. Moreover, different object analyzing language style provides in thesis of Nurul Fahmi which used serial story in magazine.

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

In this part, the writer shows the step to take the data of analysis. It relates to the research design, instrument, data and data source, data collection, and data analysis.

3.1 Research Design

In conducting this study, the writer uses descriptive qualitative methodbecauseit is in analyzing the data in the form of words descriptively. The writer choses descriptive qualitative to point out about discussing, analyzing, and finding the language style in the movie. Related with Litosseliti statement that qualitative research is concerned with structure and pattern, and how something is. It also decribes what actually happen with respect in condition in a situation. In descriptive qualitative research, it is used word or phrases in analysis rather than numeral form.

This study classifies in a descriptive qualitative since the data are organized as word or utterences of main character in the movie. The data of this study are analyzed descriptively based on script of “ The Giver” movie by Phillip Noyce. This method can be used to answer the statement of problems offered in the first chaper. Moreover, the data are interpreted systematically deals with theoretical of language style displayed in second chapter.

3.2 Instrument

Instrumen is a tolls of the writer thoughtful facilited collecting data in order to this analyzes process easly. A script of “The Giver” movie contributes as the first instrument that will be used by the writer. Writer itself is the second one as the major who is actively and directly participant in data collection and also data analysis.

3.3 Data and Data Source

The data source of this study is the script of “The Giver” movie product in 2014. To get the script, the writer should be downloading in internet. The script movie is downloaded from official website (http//www.docfoc.com/the-giver-2014-movie-script-subtitles).

The data of this study only takes the conversation on dialogue within movie act. Jonas utterances as the main character in the movie is important to be used in analyzing the language which are included into the classification of language style accord with Joos theory.

3.4 Data Collection

The writer collects the data by accesing the official website of “The Giver” movie as follows:

1. The writer watches “The Giver” movie that follows to read the script for analyzing in Jonas language conversation because the writer focuses on Jonas utterance.

27

2. The writer downloads the movie script from internet in website (http//www.docfoc.com/the-giver-2014-movie-script-subtitles) to get movie subtitles including dialogue did.

3. After read the script, the writer classifies the conversation part of the script based on Jonas dialogue in movie as main character.

4. After classifying, the writer derives the data and carries by arranging it based on page and duration of movie.

5. Analyzing the data in phrase or sentences based on Joos theory which classifying style in language into five types there are Frozen, Formal, Consultative, Casual, and Intimate is absolutely required.

3.5 Data Analysis

The writer applies analysis the data as below:

1. The writer watches“The Giver”movie to know and understand the story. 2. After that, the writer searches the script of “The Giver” movie from the

internet to get textual form of dialogue of Jonas utterence.

3. Furthermore, after getting the script of “The Giver” movie, the writer gives the mark only in Jonas utterence as the data and applies based on the theory whichits language style is classified in five types.

4. To make the writer easly in classifying the data based on the type, finally the writer make table to find the data.

5. In analyzing, the writer clasifying the data with makes a mark in every part to easly in study. It represen numberal of data whitin the page which line side. For example (1/1/25) it means the one of language style shows in first data on the page one in line twenty five .

Note:

(1/ -/ -) : The data

(-/ 1/ -) : The page of script

(-/ -/ 25) : The line sentences of the script

6. After finds total the data , the writer add up all the data to know the frequance. The way is

N x 100% T

N : Total data every types.

T : Total data found from all types.

No. Language style type Total data found Frequency

1. Frozen

2. Formal

3. Consultative

4. Casual

CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

In this chapter the writer discusses about finding of language style used by Jonas in “The Giver” movie. The writer used Martin Joos theory in analysis to classifying Jonas utterance in five types. Furthermore, analyzing the function of language used by Jonas on the movie based on the theory.

4.1 Finding

The finding of this study is divided into two parts based on the research problem. The first part about kinds of language style used by Jonas in “The Giver” movie and the second part is the language functions used by Jonas in “The Giver” movie. The data which are used of this study are taken from script “The Giver” movie directed by Phillip Noyce. The writer analyzes based on the page and line which consist of dialogue focus on the Jonas as the main character of “The Giver” movie.

4.1.1 Kinds of Language Style in “The Giver” movie

Based on explanation in chapter two, Martin Joos (1962) classify that language style is divided into five types. They are frozen style, formal style, consultative style, casual style and intimate style. Moreover, the writer find 71 data and the writer will be discusses one by one.

Formal style is used by happening as a matter of course and without question. This type gives priority in arranging words to addresses which appropriate polite act and legitimate situation. This type commonly uses in meeting, discussion, ceremonial with formal situation. This study focuses on Jonas conversation as main character in “The Giver” movie. Afterward, there are some explanations of four data in Jonas language as follows:

Excerpt (datum 1/1/25 in duration 00:02:05 until 00:02:10)

Fiona: Jonas!

Asher : I apologize, we're late, like God actually to come say goodbye the teacher.

Jonas: I accept your apology.

The conversation above happens between Jonas, Fiona and Asher. Jonas rides his cycle alone and feels strange with himself, because he is different. All his friend cannot look a leave color but Jonas do. His friends consider to him that he is crazy because of the different talking with others. When Jonas rides, Fiona and Asher come and call Jonas directly. They regret and apologize to Jonas because Fiona and Asher come late to their appointments. Jonas accepts their apologizing with a sentence is used admirable in community.

The utterance “I accept your apology” is represent polite sentences used in expression for accepting apologize in Jonas community. All society should be used precise language in communicate. These sentences are including formal style containing to say something which must be polite to appropriate in practice’s way.

31

So, Jonas applices that sentences following the rule in using formal language within accepting a mistake.

The next Jonas’s utterance appears formal style can find in datum 14, when Jonas meet up with his new tutor in receiver job.

Excerpt 2 (datum 14/9/14 in duration 00:15:39 until 00:15:52)

Jonas : My name is...

The Giver : I know who you are.

Jonas : 1 Of Course, I apologize. "I apologized"...? The Giver : Stop saying that.

The Giver : "I apologized"... don't apologize to me.

In the excerpt conversation above, Jonas interacts with his new teacher. At that moment Jonas introduces his self when face The Giver in first time. Jonas reveals apologizing because he has entered in The Giver’s home without permit before. At the time, this situation is frighten and makes Jonas’s felling regretful. The Jonas’s utterance “I apologize” is appears formal style. It refers to addresser is new person who faces. Jonas gives impression politeness in saying something with another person who older than him. The Utterance “I apologize” including in formal form because of contain in arrangement word is precise.

Excerpt 3 (datum 41/20/17 in duration 00:37:39 until 00:38:27)

The Chief Elder : Are you being properly prepared?

Jonas : I think so.

The Chief Elder : You are focused? Perhaps you are spending too much time with friends from your childhood?

Jonas : I'm focused.

The Chief Elder : Jonas! What do you in the receiver, actually do?

Jonas : My rules say not allow to share.

Jonas Mother : She is the Elder-chief. Jonas she only wants to help.

The Chief Elder : You have my word.

Jonas : We sit on chairs and don't talk all day long. And when the time is up, I came back here and in the morning do all it again. I apologize, but I'm late. The Chief Elder : Your apology is accepted.

Jonas : Goodbye Mother.

This dialogue is opened which occurs in Jonas home. The chief of community comes to check Jonas activity as long as become receiver memory in the past. The chief wants to know Jonas job that it is running well or not. At the moment the Chief Elder investigates what they do in training, between the giver and Jonas. In answering the chief’s question Jonas appears formal style in order to inform his chief. It can know in excerpt “We sit on chairs and don't talk all day long. And when the time is up, I came back here and in the morning do all it again. I apologize, but I'm late.” Jonas’ expression is appropriates that Jonas appreciate of his chief, and he is also responsibility of his time in presenting the training in The giver place. Sentence “I apologize” it comes again to permit.

Excerpt 4 (datum 8/4/1 in duration 00:05:34 until 00:05:42)

Jonas : Does not change what we are. Asher : Good question. Who are we? Friends. Jonas : Friends forever. - Yes.

Asher : Even when you both designed be birth mothers. Fiona : I guess, We'll find out tomorrow, right?

Jonas’ utterance represents formal form while having talk with his friend. Jonas uses that style belong to discuss the relation of them after graduate. It approves in sentence “Does not change what we are.” which correct sentence

33

grammar without slang or codes in expression. It is including in formal from even taught they discussing is simple. Jonas utterance has a convincing report to his friend in that they are will be friend forever.

4.1.1.2 Consultative Style

Consultative style is a kind of language style that occurs in discussion, it categorize is semi-formal style. A speaker uses consultative in class room such as student and the teacher. There is the explanation some data which represent 18 times of the data found.

Excerpt 5 (55/27/5 in duration 00:51:52 until 00:52:03)

Rosemary : Come here!

Jonas :Who are you?

Rosemary :Come over here and try this.

Jonas : Me...?

The Giver : Me?

Rosemary : Yeah, I wanna teach you.

The conversation above occurs between Rosemary and Jonas in The Giver’s home when Jonas is looking for Giver. At that time, Jonas is hearing piano sound and trying to close. After seeing the girl, he asks who she is. In several time, the giver is coming from secret place door and told with the girl.

Expression of Jonas when he was asking the girl’s identity describes semi formal form. It indicates that arrangement of sentences “Who are you?” is appropriate correct in grammatical structure containing of subject “Who” in addressing, to be “Are” and object “You” to addresser. The characteristic of semi

semi formal style in communicate with Rosemary. It indicates consultative, because he faces strange and in polite act clarify someone identity.

Excerpt 6 (datum 15/9/21 in 00:16:04 until 00:16:11)

The Giver : That's an automatic pleasantry. It does not mean

anything.

Jonas : I apologise... I'm sorry. I mean... The Giver : We are here for only one purpose.

Conversation between Jonas and The Giver indicates consultative style within Jonas utterance. in excerpt “I apologise... I'm sorry” is Jonas regret when meet The Giver in first time. Jonas apologizes because he does not know who person he faced. Polite act in speak appreciates his teacher that will give training. Eexpression indicates in semi formal form within teacher and student situation.

Excerpt 7 (Datum 18/11/12 in 00:19:52 until 00:19:37)

Jonas : "Sledge"! The Giver : - Sledge.

Jonas : And the...

The Giver : Snow.

Jonas : - Snow... - But my parents haven't been... Did you...? The Giver : No... It's a distinct memory. Simply stated...

Jonas : There is no snow because of climate control. But why all people do not know about them? What's so dangerous in the memory of a sledge?

The dialogue above happens in the Jonas training, The Giver start present memories about snow. Jonas feeling awesome because he never knows the thing named snow is. Jonas feel curious with condition in his memories, it diverge with

35

his community. After getting that, Jonas makes a simple result of situation that his faced.

Jonas utterance refers to casual style because the situation is such as class. Jonas position is as student of The Giver, because the theme of receive is training. Jonas receives memories chosen by The Chief Elder as president on his community. So, language of Jonas semi formal as the characteristic of consultative is represent formal form but not in formal situation. It appears in class room between student and teacher. The expression of Jonas contains casual shown in sentence “There is no snow because of climate control. But why all people do not know about them? What's so dangerous in the memory of a sledge?”,I here contain of question and contraction. In formal form avoid question but contraction able to use “What’s” should be What + is = what is, expressing to ask.

Excerpt 8 (Datum 19/11/24 in 00:20:36 until 00:20:47)

The Giver : Everything is connected, everything is balance. Where there is good, there is always bad.

Jonas : The two... - Show me more! The Giver : Let's go for a walk.

Excerpt of the dialog is happened such teacher and student. Jonas as student beside that The Giver is tutor. He follows for what the giver gave. First training appears about life in the community which has different situation. Jonas would like to see the other memories. The Giver invites him to take a walk enjoying the fresh air in outside of the Giver’s home.

More!” That invitation is consultative style. It shows by situation at the moment. Jonas as Giver’s student tries politely for his desire. The speaker uses style because he does not usually plan for what he says.

Excerpt 9 (Datum 35/17/21 in 00:32:16 until 00:32:47)

The Giver : "He should be the most powerful of all receivers". Jonas : - Wait: that says...?

The Giver : -Do not be gullible. Jonas : "Plan for sameness." - Another trick? The Giver : - Actually, no.

Jonas : It's some kind of... Map. Triangle of Rocks! It's true, my friend Asher actually saw it! Look at all this towers... What are they for?

The Giver : How could your friend saw the Triangle of Rocks? Jonas : He is a pilot, he told me, he saw it.

The conversation shows The Giver position as tutor that giving memories to Jonas. The Giver tells about map head for out of community, but Jonas is thinking another. He supposes The Giver makes a trick in training to deceive him. In this dialogue Jonas utterance is including in consultative because of semi-formal style. It happens in the giver explanation while Jonas say “Plan for sameness” that represent formal form in spoken , not in situation.

Excerpt 10 (Datum 38/18/25 00:34:40 until 0036:21)

The Giver : Something lies deep inside you. Something... This morning injections take away.

Jonas : I thought injections are for our health. Not, they remove something.

Jonas : What?

Giver : Emotions!

37

Jonas : Why would anyone want to get rid of this?

The Giver : Good question

This conversation gives information about emotion that lost from the community. Jonas knows that injection in the morning are controlled all the emotion, it makes society never feel everything. Their life is same and flat without feeling such as loves, sad, paint, hurt and so on. Now, after the Giver explains the problem the communities face are from injection. So, Jonas will be trying ignoring it with change the media inject to follows the community rules. In the day after, Jonas gets the feel around.

The utterance “I thought injections are for our health”is Jonas guess. He extends that sentence with polite in inform to the Giver. It can include in consultative because of the conversation in training situation which is representative of student to his tutor in polite speak.

4.1.1.3 Casual Style

Casual style appears colloquial that used in flexible situation within family, or friends which is close relationship. The explanation is shown some of data mentioned above as follows:

Excerpt 11 (Datum 4/3/7 in 00:04:21 until 00:04:35)

Jonas Father : Be strong, Gabriel!

Jonas : Dad, you looked at his name? Is not it against the rules? Jonas Father : Yeah, It is...

"Gabe".

The dialogue above presents Jonas talks with his father about a baby. Jonas’ father gives a name before the baby having a family. Jonas utterance indicates casual style, because he talks with family that have closer relation. So, Jonas should not use language in formal form. The conversation describe relax conversation. The attitude between father and his son shows in the sentence “Dad, you looked at his name?” In addressing “Dad” appropriate relation of them is intimate. In the conversation between Jonas and his father, it uses colloquial language in every day. It is not formal in family life but simple and easy to understand. Furthermore, it is able to express the speaker desire.

Excerpt 12 (Datum 9/4/19 in 00:06:15 until 00:06:42)

Jonas father : Jonas... your turn for feelings.

Jonas : Well, I guess some sort of... Terrified.

Jonas Mom : Precision of language.

Jonas : I mean anxious. When you are about to

graduate you, did you ever feel... that there was no position meant for you? They have been watching you since you were even a child.

That conversation happens in the dining room when Jonas mother felt his son is different as usual. The act while Jonas worries about his graduation. Jonas told as long as he lives, he strangers within him are offended. Jonas’ mother advice that he to use precision language in speaks. The first time when he answers his mother question, Jonas’ expression his feeling with say “Terrifed . Moreover, Jonas decided changes the utterance with “I mean anxious” to show his worried.

39

It expression indicate casual style because the dialogue occurs intern in family with relax situation. The entire person in this conversation has a close relationship. In casual style it also represents to situation which utterance expression.

Excerpt 13 (Datum 11/8/2 in 00:12:42 until 00:12:49)

Jonas : What is the Chief Elder mean, when she said:

"We can not afford another failure"?

The Giver : - Well, ten years ago, the receiver... - We can not speak of it.

Jonas : You've been greatly honored.

This conversation is closed between father and his son. Jonas ask the Chief speech in his community because he getting different job with other person. Jonas chosen as once receiver memories, his job is special than others. Jonas utterance “What is the Chief Elder mean” point off polite act of Jonas to older. Moreover, Jonas question to get detail information of his parents.

Excerpt 14 (Datum 21/12/3 in 00:20:55 until 00:21:04)

The Giver : "Home" means more.

Jonas : Your instructions said I can lie, do you lie?

The Giver : A, all the time! Mostly for personal amusement.

But I won't lie to you.

Jonas : How do I know that's not a lie? There was

someone else before me. What happened to them? One more question!If I am now the receiver, what is that make you?

This dialogue occurs between the Giver and Jonas when walk go to the park. They are talking about memory who got by Jonas. At the moment Jonas ask about the community rules. The conversation topic about character of community,

In this conversation, Jonas expresses casual style in talk. It causes the situation when communicate is close although Giver is his tutor. They are closed when Jonas training is finish.

The utterance “One more question!” is Jonas’ express to clarify his status. His requested in order to permit The Giver before back to home, it can be shown by interjection mark in the last word. Next, reveal clarifying indicate in sentence “If I am now the receiver, what is that make you?”, containing casual style used by Jonas because his language look relax as friends.

Excerpt 15 (Datum 22/12/08 in 00:22:07 until 00:22:20)

Jonas : - It was good. Jonas Mom : - What you do? Jonas :- We just talked. Jonas Mom : - What else? Jonas : That's It.

Jonas Mom : - You seem different.

Jonas : - How do you mean?

Jonas father : - I see him tomorrow. - He cancel them, no matter what I do.

The excerpt above is the conversation in Jonas home. Jonas’ mother comes to Jonas and asks about his first training. Meanwhile, Jonas looks happy when says his new experience as receiver memory in the past. Even though does not talks the real activity, his mother understands wonderful job as well.

Jonas’ utterance indicates in casual style which is shown in excerpt “It was good”. The sentences appropriates Jonas’ expression as locutor, he uses short sentence to describe something. It can categorize colloquial because it familiar utterance that use in daily activity. That sentence is simple and is not formal in

41

situation because simple. The others utterances presented simple utterance as “We just talked”, “That’s It” and “How do you mean?” interpreted casual style in Jonas expression. Other ways, here conclude in informal form because there is construction such in “That’s It” containing That + Is.

Excerpt 16 (Datum 61/31/31 in 01:00:17 until 01:00:39)

Asher : Jonas, what are you doing? It's against the rules to leave your Community this late.

Jonas : Asher, there is something I have to do, it's right, but it's sort of against the rules.

Asher : If it's right thing to do... How can it be against the rules? There are things I've learned that you don't know, that you can't know, not because it's your fault...

Asher : Jonas you need to go back to your family unit!

Jonas : But that's the point! It isn't my family! And neither is yours! Asher, I gotta go. - Jonas, listen! - Get out of my way. - Jonas, listen!

The friend conversation above occurs between Jonas and Asher when Jonas go from the community. He wants to save Fiona from the wrong norm use in the community. The sameness must be disappearing from his life, he want to show about the real life without forcing.

The casual style here common friend in informal conversation it indicate in utterance “Asher, there is something I have to do, it's right, but it's sort of againstthe rules.”. In that situation Asher had forbidden Jonas out of community at midnight. Jonas still explains what his purposes do that, it all about community.

This type is one of language style used in ever day activity. In intimate style it commonly uses of personal to the group or who have an intimate relation. Actually occurs in conversation with friend, close friend and family such as with brothers. Intimate style can be found in a group in personal language with codes only for certain group. The sentence is simple and representative the speaker purpose. They are some examples of intimate style used in Jonas’ utterance.

Excerpt 17 (Datum 2/2/46 in 00:03:10 until 00:03:38)

Fiona : Jonas, if you had to guess, of all positions the Elders picked for me...

Jonas : Nurturing Center.

Robot : Welcome to the Nurturing Center.

Jonas : - I got this. I got this. Think Heaven. - Come on. Come on. - Think Heaven.

Fiona : We win! Or you might be the champion!

Jonas Father : - Which one is the heavier? Fiona : - Mine.

The conversation above occurs between Jonas, his father and Fiona in Nurturing Center. They control the baby worthiness to life in community. Jonas with biggest spirit looking his baby condition, he want Fiona’s baby fails selection.

The utterance “I got this. I got this” indicate intimate style in use. Jonas express his feeling to Fiona in relaxes conversation with laughing and jokes. Moreover, Fiona as his intimate makes her enjoyed in that conversation which makes all the activity too close.

43

Data 18 (Datum 29/14/25 in 00:26:15 until 00:26:30)

Fiona : Jonas, have you fallen...?- Do you need immediate help? Jonas : No, I.. I was just...

Fiona : What's going on with you? Jonas : Nothing's going on with me.

Fiona : No you are right, it's totally normal to lie in the grass and stare at the sky.

Jonas : No, I was just...

The conversation between Jonas and Fiona happens in their favorite park every finishing class. They have close relationship because together even child until young. So, they are never having a problem in their friendship, feeling enjoy each other. Fiona knows that Jonas pretended that all is well, but she looks that Jonas different as usual. The Jonas’ utterance in this dialogue contains of intimate style because the characteristic is simple and representative what the speaker means. It is show when Jonas say “No, I.. I was just”, the word “No, I..” describe emphasizes Jonas feeling problem inside. Continuing said “I was just”, it represents that Jonas hiding something be a secret of him. The utterance appears two time, but another utterance which is “ Nothing going on with me”. He was convicting Fiona that all is well.

Excerpt 19 (Datum 32/16/5 in 00:28:34 until 00:28:52)

Jonas : So many secrets...

Asher : So what are your secrets? Jonas : A... nothing.

Asher : What do you mean, "Oh, nothing"? You are receiver of memories.

Jonas : Maybe I can show you. - Okay. Grab a tray. Asher : - What...?

Jonas : Bring it over the solar plate, come on! Hey this might seem little funny, but you gotta trust me. Okay. Sit down on the tray. Careful...

experience getting a new job after graduate. After that, Asher asks about Jonas’ jobs but he still keeps his activity as receiver of memories. Jonas decides to show one of training he is got. In this dialogue, Jonas represents intimate style. it approves in excerpt “Maybe I can show you. Okey, Grab a tray”, this utterance comes in relax situation because Jonas have close relationship with them. The character of intimate style is directly what speaker wants with the simple sentence. Jonas uses intimate style in persuade to following him. The excerpt in sentence “Grab a tray” in instruction, but Asher ignores it and goes. The word “Okey” also represents that Jonas close with them in expression certainly.

Excerpt 20 (Datum 39/19/1 in 00:36:29 until 00:36:44)

Lily : - What are you doing...?

Jonas : - Take my hands!

Jonas : Ready? Are you ready for the fast part? Come back! Jonas : - Spin! - What are you doing with her?

This conversation occurs between Jonas and his younger sister named Lily. Jonas teaches Lily to dance when he applied memories in training yesterday. Lily feels happy because she never know dance before. Lily asks Jonas do in end of Jonas’ invitation to dance together. In excerpt “Take my hand!” appear they are close as a sibling. Instruction of Jonas is simple in relax situation. Moreover, intimacy Jonas and Lily create in this situation because Jonas loves Lily and their life together. Afterward, when Jonas say “Spin!” it represent his instruction with intimate person without formal word.

45

Excerpt 21 (Datum 42/21/19 in 00:39:41 until 00:40:15)

The Giver : What is the truth just because it's coming from someone you respect.

Jonas : I feel completely stupid, a weird feeling. Fucking weird... The Giver : - Thing goes in your hand. Memories are not just about the past, they determine our future. You can change things, you can make things better.

Jonas : It was life.. It just seemed more complet. The more I

experienced, the more I wanted.

The Giver : Once there were and other living beings

This conversation occurs in the giver home, between Jonas and The Giver when they do training. Giver extends some memories about life, love, born, religion, ethnic. At the moment Jonas get knowledge about the world outside community. The Giver does not only gives memories but also spirit to Jonas while change the community life. The Giver tells the world which is Jonas did not before.

The utterance when Jonas talks with The Giver uses intimate style. T approve in Jonas’ utterance “I feel completely stupid, a weird feeling. Fucking weird...”, this sentence are flexible in conversation and showing relax situation when speak to dresser. It happens because The Giver feels Jonas more close every day, and have a different feeling. Jonas such as his son, it makes Jonas dialogue is represent intimate. The approve of Jonas used intimate style in sentence “Fucking weird..”, he using slang word in express his feeling to The giver. It showing was he got memories.

Fiona : Oh Hi! Jonas : Hi!

Fiona : So what's new?

Jonas : - What's new with you? Fiona : - What's ever new?

Fiona : - Why are you being weird? Jonas :- I'm not. I'm Just... Just...

This dialogue happens between Jonas and Fiona, this time Jonas begins to have a feeling with Fiona. Jonas fall in love with her, but he cannot say it. They have conversation as usual, ask their day each other. Jonas uses intimate style because he knows Fiona well, they are too close since child it makes Jonas comfort in communicate.

The utterance is shown intimate when greeting, Jonas seens Fiona and says “Hi!”. The word “Hi” actually common when someone meets his friend, it also do by Jonas to start conversation. Intimate style is shown in sentence “I'm not. I'm Just... Just..”, Jonas express with simple sentence and representative the speaker means. The intonations of his utterance created by Jonas in express his condition.

4.1.2 The Function of Language.

The theory of Robin Jakobson (1960) about the function of language, he is divided language style into five types. The function consists of referential

47

function, emotive function, conative function, metallingual function and also phatic function.

4.1.2.1 Referential Function

Referential is the one of language function which has function in delivering the information. In delivering information about something this function have the style such as impersonal, non-emotive.

Excerpt 1 (datum 36/18/3 in 00:32:50 until 00:33:19)

Jonas : What's past that? Past the "outer edge, boundary of

Memories"? The Giver : A mystery.

Jonas : "Boundary Memories", that have they built so the memories only stay within you and me?

The Giver : - Let's move on.

Jonas :- Wait!

Jonas : That boundary is meant to keep the memories in. So, if a receiver crosses it, is that means the memories get set free? The Giver : Perhaps... perhaps if you and I crossed it, everyone could

feel those memories again.

Jonas : So what am I seeing today

The excerpt above discusses about a map did not mean it which found by Jonas when The Giver search the book. Moreover, Jonas tries to guess the context of map that shows mystery of boundary memories. Jonas language of this conversation indicates referential function that approves when he says “Boundary Memories", that have they built so the memories only stay within you and me?.

The function of this sentence gives information about invisible border out of the world but in Jonas delivering information in curious context form.

The Chief Elder : Are you being properly prepared?

Jonas : I think so.

The Chief Elder : You are focused? Perhaps you are spending too much time with friends from your childhood?

Jonas : - I'm focused.

The Chief Elder : - Jonas! What do you in the receiver, actually do?

Jonas : - My rules say not allow to share.

Jonas Mother : - She is the Elder-chief. Jonas she only wants to help.

Jonas : You are right. But you can't tell the receiver I told

you.

The Chief Elder : You have my word.

Jonas : We sit on chairs and don't talk all day long. And

when the time is up, I came back here and in the morning do all it again. I apologize, but I'm late. The Chief Elder : Your apology is accepted.

Jonas : Goodbye Mother.

From the quotation above The Chief Elder comes to Jonas family to investigate the condition of training with The Giver. Jonas tries keeps the secret about his training. He gives some information without say detail. Jonas utterance indicates referential function approved in sentence “We sit on chairs and don't talk all day long. And when the time is up, I came back here and in the morning do all it again. I apologize, but I'm late.”. The sentence explains about situation of training, Jonas delivers information to The Chief Elder at that time.

Excerpt 3 (datum 44/22/15 in 00:41:38 until 00:42:31)

Jonas : Hey! Hey, Gabe? Okay, Gabe... If I tell you a secret, you promise not to tell anyone? I'll take that as a "yes. This comfort object... is not hippo.It's an elephant, and once it was real. And it was beautiful...

Citizens are reminded that sleep period commences in 15 minutes. Thank you.

49

The sentence occurs in Gabriel room after Jonas getting memories from his training. He knows that animal called hippo in community are wrong name, actually the right is elephant. Thus sentence has a function in delivery information in the right name of things which Jonas knowledge from receive memories.

4.1.2.2. Emotive Function

Emotive is the one of type’s language function that appears the speaker or writer in express a feeling. It function is used by personal expression of feeling, attitude and opinion. This is the examples of Jonas utterance which represent emotive function in “The Giver” movie.

Excerpt 4 (Datum 15/9/21in 00:15:52 until 00:16:11)

The Giver : "I apologized"... don't apologize to me. Never again, not here. We haven't time to "apologize". That's an automatic pleasantry. It does not mean anything.

Jonas : I apologise... I'm sorry. I mean...

The Giver : We are here for only one purpose. Simply stated...

Although the words are really simple at all... I'll transmits you all the memories that hold within me.

Thus conversation is about the first meeting of Jonas training with the Giver. He try to clarify the aim of Jonas comes without knows the man he meet. Jonas utterance to The Giver in sentence” I apologise... I'm sorry. I mean...” reveal the regretful, because he did not permit entered The Giver home before. Furthermore, the sentence has function as a referential, it represents the expression of Jonas when face The Giver as homeowner.

61

(6/3/15), (13/9/8), (14/9/14), (35/17/21), (40/20/2), (47/23/16), (55/27/5), (56/27/13), (59/30/6), (67/34/21). In the example of Jonas utterance is “ Hi!”

when he meet Fiona. Say something to opened the conversation channel with greeting from.

62 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

This chapter consists of conclusion and suggestions which are related to the research findings.

5.1 Conclusion

After analyzing the data which have discussed in previous chapter, the writer attempts to explain the conclusion of this study. In the “The Giver” movie, Jonas as the main character of this movie uses four language style of Joos theory. The mostly used intimate style appears 31 times, the other style is consultative that occurs 18 times, formal style appears 4 times and casual style 18 times. From all the types Jonas did not find frozen style, it cause “The Giver” movie is represented social phenomenon in social life. Furthermore, Jonas tended intimate style to consider the other participants as friend. Jonas used intimate style when he talked he talks with family in his particularof close friend that has special relationship. It shows in the relax situation, slang or codes word commonly appears. In casual style Jonas used informal situation because he want to create family atmosphere in talking about topic wich deals with his privacy in family member or secret. It is commonly used when he talks with family or friend. In consultative style it shows that speaker is used in different rank of social status when he talks to strangers. It is commonly used in discuss with formal situation but the language is presented informal. Generally, consultative style happens in class room between teacher and student for example Jonas as the student in

63

training of e ories, a d The Gi er is Jo as’ tea her. The for al styles used at the ti e of i porta t situatio , it is used to talk ith older or stra gers hi h is appropriated ith for al situatio . I Jo as’ uttera es e essary use for al o a ulary a d the gra ati ally is o ser ati e a d a oidi g o fused ord. This style is

o sidered polite.

The function of each type in language style used by Jonas in“The Giver”

movie divided into four kinds. First,the function of intimate style makes a conversation is more comfort and create a close atmosphere in relationship. It represents emotive function because the speaker almost express the utterances while intonation more important than grammatical structure of sentence. Commonly this function uses simple word appropriate colloquial language that applies in daily activity. Second, the casual style has a function in delivering the speaker’s desire in relax situation with easy word which is informal sentence. It interprets phatic function that occurs in casual conversation to open or close the communication channel in greeting or addressing person as participant. Third, the function of language style is consultative.It has a function to explain about Jonas’ community and his job as receiver memory. It includes in metalingual function which is Jonas’ utterances in order to describe something appropriate itself. In

“The Giver” movie, Jonas talks about the boundary a memory which is shown by the Giver. The last, formal style is used in formal situation.In “The Giver” movie, Jonas uses this style to inform his Chief. It representsreferential function because he gives information with a good grammatical structure to Chief Elder when controlled Jonas’ job

64

5. 2. Suggestion

The result of this study did not cover all about language style althought the function of language which are used by Jonas in “The Giver” movie. This study could give information far from completenss, at least can be know about language style used in “The Giver” movie by analyze and discuss the language style in. The writer believes many linguistic theory that can be used to suport and develop in the next study related to language style. The writer suggesedt for the next study could be as the study which develop and gave information about language style and function of language used. The next study should have much time in giving the deep information about language style the function of language because it related with other theory was not easy to be identified in the movie object.

REFERENCES

Chaer, Abdul. 2003. Linguistik Umum. Jakarta : PT. RINEKA CIPTA Chaer, Abdul & Agustina, Leonie. 2014. Sosiolinguistik Perkenalan Awal.

Jakarta: RINEKA CIPTA

Coupland, Nikolas. 2007. Language Variation and Identity. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Eckert, Penelope. 2003. The Meaning of Style: Stanford University. www.Studentorgs.utexas.edu/salsa/proceeding/2003/Eckert.pdf

Fahmi, Nurul. 2014. An Analysis of Language style in serial story Garising Pepesthen in the Panjebar Seamangat Magazine: UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Farid Noor Romadhon, Teylin 2: from policy to classroom 2012. Article : pengambilan : 09 April 2016 (17.34) /

http//eprints.umk.ac.id/340/7//proceeding_telin_2.45-51.pdf

Holmes, Janet. 2013. An Introduction to Sociolinguistic, Fourth Edition. New York: Routledge Publishing.

Gorys, Keraf. 2009. Diksi dan Gaya Bahasa. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Mayerhoff, Mariam. 2006. Introducing Sociolinguistic. New York: Routtledge publishing

Wardaugh, Ronald. 2006. An Introduction to sociolinguistics Fifth edition : Blackwell publishing Ltd.

Wardaugh, Ronald. 2002 . An Introduction to sociolinguistics Fourth Edition: Blackwell publishing Ltd.

Marjohan, Asril. 1988. An Introduction of Sociolinguistics: Jakarta: Departement Pendidian dan Kebudayaan.

Rasyidin, Rahardian. 2016. An Analysis of Language Style in “Fury” Movie : UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Rachmawati, Nabillah. 2015. Language Style Used by Andrew and Margaret in “The Proposal” movie: UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Solyom, Erika. 2004. A Sociolinguistic Study Of Shifting Formalities: New York University. From www.fulbright.hu/book/erikasolyom.pdf

66

Wray, A & Bloomer, A. 2006.Project In Linguistics, A partical Guide to Researching Language: Second edition. Hodder Arnold

Yule, George. 1985. The Study of Language. Australia: Press Syndicate of The University of Cambridge.

Accessed from internet

(www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/formality. it is accessed on April 09 2016 at 18.34)

Accesses from internet, script (http//www.docfoc.com/the-giver-2014-movie-script-subtitles. It is accessed April 15th 2016 at 12:56)

Accesses from internet, language function

(http://www.signosemio.com/jakobson/functions-of-language.asp. It is accessed June 02,2016 at 12:55)

Accesses from Internet , language function

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakobson%27s_functions_of_language. It is accessed on May 12, 2016 at 10:09)