LEGALITAS PENAHANAN PREVENTIF (PREVENTIVE DETENTION) BERDASARKAN HUKUM HAK ASASI MANUSIA DAN HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL: STUDI KASUS PENAHANAN TAREK RESSAN HASSAN OLEH INGGRIS DI IRAK.
LEGALITAS PENAHANAN PREVENTIF (PREVENTIVE DETENTION)
BERDASARKAN HUKUM HAK ASASI MANUSIA DAN HUKUM
HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL: STUDI KASUS PENAHANAN TAREK
RESSAN HASSAN OLEH INGGRIS DI IRAK
Kristi Hanaria Tomasouw
110110100172
Pada masa invansi Irak tahun 2003 silam, Tarek Ressan Hassan
(Hassan) ditangkap dan selanjutnya ditahan oleh tentara Inggris di Kamp
Bucca. Penahanan tersebut dilakukan sebagai tindakan pencegahan
(preventive detention) karena Hassan dicurigai sebagai kaki-tangan partai
pemberontak kala itu, padahal ia adalah warga sipil biasa yang tidak pernah
melakukan kejahatan apapun. Selanjutnya ia menjalani masa penahanan
selama tiga minggu dan akhirnya dilepaskan setelah terbukti bukan anggota
partai pemberontak dan tidak berpotensi menimbulkan bahaya. Namun sejak
awal penahanan keluarganya tidak pernah mendapatkan kabar resmi
tentangnya dan tragisnya menemukan Hassan wafat tertembak empat bulan
setelah pelepasannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis legalitas
preventive detention berdasarkan hukum hak asasi manusia (HAM) dan
hukum humaniter internasional (HHI) secara umum, hubungan antara kedua
rezim hukum tersebut serta untuk membuktikan bahwa Inggris bersalah atas
penahanan yang dialami Hassan dikarenakan proses pelepasannya tidak
baik yang berujung pada kematian Hassan.
Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif untuk
menjawab permasalahan dalam skripsi ini dengan menitikberatkan pada
penelitian kepustakaan dan data sekunder yang berkaitan dengan
pengaturan mengenai penahanan dalam hukum HAM dan HHI.
Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa baik hukum HAM
maupun HHI mengizinkan praktik preventive detention namun legalitasnya
harus ditentukan dari prosedural perlindungan yang diatur dalam kedua rezim
hukum ini. Selanjutnya Inggris terbukti lalai dalam melaksanakan dua
prosedural perlindungan terkait preventive detention yang dijalani oleh
Hassan yaitu Pasal 76 dan Pasal 132 Konvensi Jenewa IV tentang
Perlindungan Warga Sipil.
iv
LEGALITY OF PREVENTIVE DETENTION IN ACCORDANCE TO HUMAN
RIGHTS LAW AND INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW: CASE
STUDY CONCERNING DETENTION OF TAREK RESSAN HASSAN BY
THE UNITED KINGDOM IN IRAQ
Kristi Hanaria Tomasouw
110110100172
During the Iraq Invasion in 2003, Tarek Ressan Hassan (Hassan) was
captured and later detained by British armed forces in Camp Bucca. The
detention took place as a preventive act because Hassan was suspected as a
member of Ba’ath Party (insurgent party). On the contrary, he was a civilian
who never conducted any offence. Later, Hassan detained for three weeks
and finally released after proven not guilty and did not render any potential
harm. Nonetheless, since the beginning of the detention his family never
receives any information about Hassan’s whereabouts. Later, Hassan was
found dead about 700 kilometers from the detention facility almost four
months after his alleged release, in early September 2003. Hassan had eight
bullet wounds in his chest, his hands were tied with plastic wire and also had
many bruises. This research aims to examine the legality of a preventive
detention in accordance to international human rights law (IHRL) and
international humanitarian law (IHL) as general, the relation between the
aforesaid law regimes, and to prove the United Kingdom’s responsibility for
Hassan’s detention as a result of the improper release that leads to his death.
To further examine the problems in this thesis, the author uses a
juridical normative approach by researching on literary data and the
secondary data that relates to provisions concerning detention in international
human rights law and international humanitarian law.
The results obtained show that both international human rights law and
international humanitarian law justify the practice of preventive detention. Its
legality, however, must observe the procedural safeguards established in
these law regimes. Furthermore, the United Kingdom failed to accomplish two
safeguards of preventive detention in relation to Hassan’s detention, which
are Article 76 and Article 132 of Geneva Convention IV relative to the
protection of civilian persons in time of war.
v
BERDASARKAN HUKUM HAK ASASI MANUSIA DAN HUKUM
HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL: STUDI KASUS PENAHANAN TAREK
RESSAN HASSAN OLEH INGGRIS DI IRAK
Kristi Hanaria Tomasouw
110110100172
Pada masa invansi Irak tahun 2003 silam, Tarek Ressan Hassan
(Hassan) ditangkap dan selanjutnya ditahan oleh tentara Inggris di Kamp
Bucca. Penahanan tersebut dilakukan sebagai tindakan pencegahan
(preventive detention) karena Hassan dicurigai sebagai kaki-tangan partai
pemberontak kala itu, padahal ia adalah warga sipil biasa yang tidak pernah
melakukan kejahatan apapun. Selanjutnya ia menjalani masa penahanan
selama tiga minggu dan akhirnya dilepaskan setelah terbukti bukan anggota
partai pemberontak dan tidak berpotensi menimbulkan bahaya. Namun sejak
awal penahanan keluarganya tidak pernah mendapatkan kabar resmi
tentangnya dan tragisnya menemukan Hassan wafat tertembak empat bulan
setelah pelepasannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis legalitas
preventive detention berdasarkan hukum hak asasi manusia (HAM) dan
hukum humaniter internasional (HHI) secara umum, hubungan antara kedua
rezim hukum tersebut serta untuk membuktikan bahwa Inggris bersalah atas
penahanan yang dialami Hassan dikarenakan proses pelepasannya tidak
baik yang berujung pada kematian Hassan.
Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif untuk
menjawab permasalahan dalam skripsi ini dengan menitikberatkan pada
penelitian kepustakaan dan data sekunder yang berkaitan dengan
pengaturan mengenai penahanan dalam hukum HAM dan HHI.
Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa baik hukum HAM
maupun HHI mengizinkan praktik preventive detention namun legalitasnya
harus ditentukan dari prosedural perlindungan yang diatur dalam kedua rezim
hukum ini. Selanjutnya Inggris terbukti lalai dalam melaksanakan dua
prosedural perlindungan terkait preventive detention yang dijalani oleh
Hassan yaitu Pasal 76 dan Pasal 132 Konvensi Jenewa IV tentang
Perlindungan Warga Sipil.
iv
LEGALITY OF PREVENTIVE DETENTION IN ACCORDANCE TO HUMAN
RIGHTS LAW AND INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW: CASE
STUDY CONCERNING DETENTION OF TAREK RESSAN HASSAN BY
THE UNITED KINGDOM IN IRAQ
Kristi Hanaria Tomasouw
110110100172
During the Iraq Invasion in 2003, Tarek Ressan Hassan (Hassan) was
captured and later detained by British armed forces in Camp Bucca. The
detention took place as a preventive act because Hassan was suspected as a
member of Ba’ath Party (insurgent party). On the contrary, he was a civilian
who never conducted any offence. Later, Hassan detained for three weeks
and finally released after proven not guilty and did not render any potential
harm. Nonetheless, since the beginning of the detention his family never
receives any information about Hassan’s whereabouts. Later, Hassan was
found dead about 700 kilometers from the detention facility almost four
months after his alleged release, in early September 2003. Hassan had eight
bullet wounds in his chest, his hands were tied with plastic wire and also had
many bruises. This research aims to examine the legality of a preventive
detention in accordance to international human rights law (IHRL) and
international humanitarian law (IHL) as general, the relation between the
aforesaid law regimes, and to prove the United Kingdom’s responsibility for
Hassan’s detention as a result of the improper release that leads to his death.
To further examine the problems in this thesis, the author uses a
juridical normative approach by researching on literary data and the
secondary data that relates to provisions concerning detention in international
human rights law and international humanitarian law.
The results obtained show that both international human rights law and
international humanitarian law justify the practice of preventive detention. Its
legality, however, must observe the procedural safeguards established in
these law regimes. Furthermore, the United Kingdom failed to accomplish two
safeguards of preventive detention in relation to Hassan’s detention, which
are Article 76 and Article 132 of Geneva Convention IV relative to the
protection of civilian persons in time of war.
v