Selanjutnya
SPECIFIC AGREEMENT
BETWEEN
THE GOVERNf.l.ENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
AND THE
GOVERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUM
ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT ATA-251
"RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL ENERGY"
========================================
The Government of the Republic of Indonesia
and
the Government of the Kingdom of Belgium,
Within the framework of the General Agreement on Technical Cooperation
of June 16, 1969,
Desiring to contribute to the development of Rural Energy,
WantinE to cooperate in the implementation of the project described
hereafter· :
Have agreed as follows
Article 1 - THE PROJECT
1.1. The present agreement aims at developing biomass energy from wood,
farming waste and water weeds taking into account the principle of
natural resource sustenance and making the rural sector less
dependent on oil.
1.2. In order to achieve these objectives, a research and development
programme consisting of two distinct parts will be set up :
a. pyrolisis of wood-wasts, fuel wood and, possibly, agricultural
waste ;
b. fermentation of wastestreams and production of biogas from
agricultural waste and particularly from water weeds.
1.3. The project is further described in the Terms of Reference attached
to this Specific Agreement and forming an integral part of it •
./ ..
Article 2 - EXECUTING AGENCIES
2.1. The Belgian Government designates the Belgian Administration for
Development Cooperation (hereinafter referred to as B.A.D.C.) as
the agency responsible for the realization of its contribution to
the project. The B.A.D.C. is represented in Indonesia by the
Development Cooperation Section of the Belgian Embassy in Jakarta.
The B.A.D.C. may entrust experiences sub-contractor(s) to implement part of its contribution. Any sub-contractor and expert
shall be highly qualified and agreed by the Indonesian Government.
2.2. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia designates the Agency
for Forestry Research and Development, Department of Forestry, as
the agency responsible for the contribution to and operational
matters of the project.
Article 3 - OBLIGATIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE BELGIAN GOVERNMENT
3.1. The Government of the Kingdom of Belgium pledges to take an active
part in the realization of the different parts of the project for
which it is responsible and to take all required administrative
and budgetary measures to this end.
3.2. The Government of the Kingdom of Belgium shall provide the following experts :
a. the services of three long term experts as specified in the
attached Terms of Reference, each for a duration of 4 months
in Belgium and 22 months in Indonesia, including their salaries
and allowances, the expenses related to their journey to and
from Indonesia and their accomodation expenses in Bogor
one
of these experts will be the Belgian projectleader ;
b. the service of supervising short term experts for a total duration of 3 times 2 weeks, including the expenses related to
their journey to ahd from Indonesia.
3.3. Within the limits of the annual quota of scholarships and traineeships attributed to Indonesia, the Government of the Kingdom of
Belgium shall grant
- two scholarships covering a period of 3 years allowing the candidates to proceed to the Ph.D.-degree in Belgium ;
ｉｾ＠
two traineeships for a six months practical training in Belgium.
The choice of the beneficiaries has to be a matter of mutual agreement between both Governments.
./
..
3.4. The Government of the Kingdom of Belgium shall provide the equip ment specified in the attached Terms of Reference, including its
freight and insurance charges up to the project site. The instruments and equipment supplied by Belgium as its contribution to
the project will be utilized exclusively for the implementation of
the project and remain the property of Belgium for the whole duration of the project.
Before terminating the project, the Belgian and Indonesian Governments will consult each other on the future destination of these
equipment and instruments and on the modalities of transfer of
ownership_. to the Indonesian Government .
3.5. The Belgian budgetary input to this project will be limited to
32 million Belgian Francs.
Article 4 - OBLIGATIONS AND CONTRIBUTION OF THE INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT
4.1 . The contribution of the Republic of Indonesia, in accordance with
the prevailing laws and regulations comprises :
a. Offices, laboratory spaces, furniture , domestic telecommunication
facilities as required for the implementation of the project ,
b. the equipment and laboratory reagents as specified in the attached
Terms of Reference ,
c. the operation and maintenance cost for the offices and laboratory
as required for the implementation of the project ,
d. the appointment of four full time senior counterparts as specified
in the Terms of Reference, including the travel expenses related
to their duty ,
e. the laborants , fieldworkers and administrative and technical
personnel as required for the implementation of the project ;
f. lodging for the Belgian short term experts and supervisors ,
g. the cost of the agreed official project journeys within the country of the Belgian long- term experts , including service card and
drivers for official use if required .
4.2. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia, in accordance with the
prevailing laws and regulations, shall :
ｾ
a. do its utmost so that the Indonesian counterparts will be in a
position to fully devote themselves to the Project for its dura-
［ｯｮＬ＠
./
7
..
b. provide the Belgian experts with the exemptions
mentioned in article 7 of the General Agreement
Cooperation of June 16, 1969 ;
c. grant exoneration from all duties, other levies
the technical apparatus and equipment mentioned
above, as agreed upon in Article 10 of the said
ment
and privileges
on Technical
and taxes on
in Article 3.4.
General Agree-
d. take care of the storage and the custody of the equipment supplied by Belgium
e. provide the available reports, maps, library documents, technical data and other information required for the proper implementation of the project ;
f. issue the required agreements for the Belgian experts.
Article 5 - CONTROL AND EVALUATION
5.1. At any time, both Governments may supervise and/or control on the
spot the state of progress of the Project.
5.2. Both Governments may review the aims, objectives of the Project and
if necessaTY discuss the main problems occuring during the implementation of the Project and where necessary may evaluate the Project
or part of its implementaion aspects.
5.3. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia reserves the right to
request the Belgian Government to recall any of the consultant's
personnel in Indonesia whose services and/or activities are found
unsatisfactory or for reasons of miscpnduct, misbehaviour or
illness.
Article 6 - SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTE
Any dispute arising out of the interpretation or the implementation of
this Specific Agreement shall be settled amicably by consultation or
negotiation between the two Governments.
Article 7 - ENTERING INTO FORCE AND VALIDITY
7.1. This Specific Agreement shall enter into force on the date of
signing and remain in force until
the completion of the Project •
./ ..
7.2. Amendments to this Specific Agreement may be made at any time with
the mutual consent of the two Governments by Exchange of Letters.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the undersigned duly authorized have signed this Specific Agreement
Done at Brussel
on april 13, 1984.
In two copies in the English language.
For the Government of the
Republic of Indonesia,
Signed
For the GoverilI1ent of the
ｾｯｭ＠
of Belgfum,
Signed
--
=
ATTACHM F.NT 1'0 Tl!F: "SPECIFIC AGREEMENT RF.TWF.F.N THE
GOVERNMENT OF
MENT
OF
TION OF
MENT
OR
THF:
KINGDOM OF Bf.LGIUM
THE REPURLIC
THE
OF INDONESIA ON
ｔｈｲｾ＠
AND
THE GO\fF.RNIMPLEMENTA-
PROJECT ATA-2 5 1 : RESEARCH AND DEVF.LOP-
RURAL ENEHGY. 11
'
TF:KMS
OF
RF.IT.RF.NCE.
..
PART I - PYROLISIS
OBJECTIVES
1.
A research and development (R & D) program shall be launched with
the
a/
objectives
ｦｾｬｯｷｩｮｧ＠
to design, supply, erect and operate an experimental bench-scale
pyrolisis unit.
This unit will be of the
｣ｩｾｵｬ｡ｴｮｧ＠
fluidized
bed type which is actually . the most advanced and the mosc versatile system to evaluate primary energy resources for producing
gas, . charcoal and tar.
The R & D program shall be primarily dedicated to study the use of
wood-wastes and
or
dra and leucaena.
ｧｲｯｷｩｾ＠
fast
fuel-wood species such as . ｣｡ｬｩｾﾭ
But it is clear that the same unit can eventual-
ly be used to study the pyrolisis . of appropriate
(husks,
ｳｴｲ｡ｷｾＬ＠
shells
｡ｾｳＮｯＩＬ＠
｡ｾｲｩ｣ｵｬｴ＠
wastes
various household wastes and other
fuels like peat, lignite and coal.
b/ ·
To determine the optimum operating conditiQns and design parameters
in
ｴｨｾ＠
pyrolisis of typical wastes of the wood industry or of the
rapid growing
wood species.
ｦｾ･ｬ＠
Upon the conclusion
ｾｦ＠
the R & 0 program the necessary expertise
. to specify full scale pyrolisis
･ｱｵｩｾｭｮｴ＠
suitable for prevailing
conditions will be available in Indonesia.
c/
ln a second phase of this project a
ｰｩｬｯｴｾｳ｣ｨ･ｭ＠
will be de.s igned
and realized at a suitable site selected on a basis (1) of availability of raw
ｷｯ､ｾｧ｡ｳ＠
rural energy.
ｭ｡ｴ･ｲｩｬｾ＠
and (11) in order to.cover urgent nee'ds
This pilot scheme shall for 7xample consist in a
driven electrical power generating set coping with the
needs of a typical rural community • .
ｾｮ＠
. . . .-.
-.
"
2.
MEANS
2.1.
Experts
1
Belgian ･ｸｾｲｴ＠
specialized in P.Yrolisis process and systems (this
expert ｷｩｬｾ＠
be the Belgian projectleaderJ;
Belgian expert specialized in ｰｾｯ､ｵ｣ｴ＠
evaluation ;
l
Indonesian technical counterpart;
l
Indonesian scientific counterpart;
l
2.2.
\'
Training
The Indonesian technical counterpart (2.1.) will be
6 months in Belgium, in order to
｡｣ｱｵｩｲｾ＠
ｴｲ｡ｩｮ･ｾ＠
for
experience in similar re-
search program.
The Indonesian scientific counterpart should possess a training as
a chemical er.gineer and have an excellent academic record.
wilt
be
He
ｴｨｾ＠
trained in Belgium (Free Uni vers icy of Brussels) ic.
basic and applied aspects of pyrolisis.
The scholarship will cover a period of 3 years in order to
｡ｬｾｯｷ＠
the candidate to prepare a Ph.D . degree.
2.3.
Equipment
2.3.1.
The experimental bench scale pyrolisis unit will consist of the
following major
ｰｩ･｣ｾ＠
of equipment ' :
a fluidized bed reactor with electric heating and ther111al
insulation, together with a cyclone separator and
a
solids
recycling loop (reactor diameter in the range of 15 to 40 cm,
total height of the plant 200 to 250
a produ·ct cooler and condenser
a gas flow meter and gas analyser
｣ｭｾＮ＠
3.
2.3.2.
Analytical equipment to characterize the liquid and solid products
to be specified and procured by B.
General laboratory equipment, glass, tools, chemicals a.s.o. to be
specified by B and procured by I.
More precisely
\
densic:ometers
v-iscosimec:ers
refractive index
ｾ＠
distillation unit
elemental analysis C, H, 0
calorimetric bomb (p.m.) for characterizing the wood tar
equipment
ｳ｣ｲ･ｾｮｩｧ＠
surface deter.Iii.nation according to the chromatographic version
of c:he BET-method
elemental analysis C, H, 0 (see above) for characc:erizing the
charcoal
laboratory scale chipper
agglomerating equipment (I, own construction)
briquetting press.
3.
DEFINITION OF THE CONTRIBUTION
3. l .
B •
Belgian contribution
I
Indonesian contribution
•
Expens
__.,.._ . ..
Belgian expert 4 months in Belgium and 22 months in Indonesia
3 times 2 weeks
1 Belgian supervising expert
1 Belgian Coordinator, 3 times 1 week
Training
1
...
l
Indonesian counterpart 6 monc:hs
i
Scholarship for 3 years
..
B
B
B
B
·a
4.
3.3.
Equipment
Design of the experimental pyrolisis unit
Buildings and fixed infrastructure for
bench scale pyrolisis
ｰｬｾｮｴ＠
and. associated
l
laboratory
Procurement oi bench scale pyrolisis plane
B
and related equipment
Thermocouples temperature recorder and
\.
controller
B
Gas chromatograph. with analytical columns
provided in part II,
B
·- -
Transport of equipment
4. .
B
Miscellaneous and unforeseen
B
l
3.4.
'Operating Cost
Delivery and pretreatment of raw
l
ｭ｡ｴ･ｾｩｬｳ＠
Labour to operate and maintain the plant and the laboratory
equipment
I
Pressurized gases for gas chromatographic separation,
reactants, chemicals, catalyst
I
Standard laboratory equipment (drying ovens,
calcining furnaces, balances, centrifuges, etc • • • )
ｬｾ､ｯｮ･ｳｩ｡＠
A budget should be foreseen on the
ｾｩ､･＠
1
either to acquire
missing equipment or to have certain analyses performed by other
Indonesian Institutes •
•
3.5.
Travel and Lodging
a.
International travel -·
- -=
ｾＭ
·- . •.
1 Belgian engineer 1· round trip.- ·
_,....
-· ... . . .. -...
1 Belgian supervising expert: 3 round tripe
·---1 Belgian Coordinator 3 round trips
2 Indonesian trainees l round t:rip " each
B
B
B
B
5.
b.
Domestic travel
c.
Lodging :
all experts and counterparts
- long-term experts (22 months each)
I
B
- short-term experts (3 times 2 weeks and
3 times 1 week)
3.6.
I
Time Schedule
Month
1 - 4
Design, construction and skid mounting in Belgium.
Testing of the unit with model feedstock in the
presence of the Indonesian counterpart.
4 - 15 Dismantling, shipping, reassembling and start-up
in Indonesia.
Experimental study of various
feedstocks.
16 - 20 Study of oxygen gasification.
21 - 26 Writing report and modelling.
6.
..
PART II- FER.HENTATION
1.
OBJECTIVES
TI\e program will consist out of two parts :
'
a/ ·
TI\e small experimental installation to demonstrate the feasibility
of high rate anaerobic digestion at ambient temperatures.
Biogas
will be produced in an expanded bed reactor by treating wastestreams
such as rubber processing ･ｦｬｵｮｴｾＬ＠
cassava processing .effluents,
sewage, aquatic weeds and eventual other agricultural wastes.
The
installation will be mobile.
The main purpose of the installation is to adapt modern methode digestion technology to Indonesian situations and to demonstrate its
potential to ｴｨｾ＠
Indonesian people.
ｐ｡ｲｴｩ｣ｵｬＡｾ＠
｡ｴｾｮｩｯ＠
is there-
by paid to the situation in Java, which has a low availability of
animal livestock, waste and an extremely high dema nd in terms of
food production for all available arable land.
b/
The pilot scale installation in rural community with demonstration
of the various applicabilities of the biogas.
Biogas will be produced from various types of biomass (straw, ·grass,
dung, etc ••• ) in a two-phase digester.
Particular emphasis will be laid upon the use of water weeds in ge--
•
neral and water hyacinths in particular as methanogenic substrates.
Indeed these plants have a very high ?reduction, constitute a nuisance to the. local population,and do not impede with any traditional
agricultural activity.
It will be demonstrated how the biogas can
be used to cook, or to produce electric· power.
The pilot installa-
tion will be conceived on the basis of the results
ｯｾ＠
the experi-
mental installation at a scale sufficiently large to provide
ｾｨ･＠
fuel to cook for at least S to 10 families, . or the electric power
to provide lighting to SO faalilies.
This integrated installation._
should be installed in a relatively remote, non-electrified village.
,
.. . .
_ . _.
7.
ｾｬｅａｎｓ＠
t:xperts
I.. 2..
l
lielgian engineer specialized in bio-technology
l
Belgian engineer specialized in rural energy
l
lndonl!sian specialist in rural energy
l
Indonesian specialist in rural sociology
\
Training
I
The Indonesian technical counterpart (2.l . ) will be trained in
lielgium during b months, that is during the testing of the experimental reacr:or • .
Une Indonesian universir:y graduar:e in the field of microbiology,
or chemical engineering will be r:rained in Belgium
ｲ･ｾｬＡｮＺ｡ｩｯ＠
(Stace Universir:y of Gent) in order to'masr:er r:he
ｾ｡ｳｩ｣＠
as well as
the applied aspects of bio gas f ermentation •
•
The candidate
ｳｨｯｵｾ､＠
have an excellent academic record.
The scholarship will cover a period of 3 year' in order to
ｾ Ｑｯｷ＠
the candidate to obtain a Ph.D . degree.
Equipment
2.3.l.
a/
ｾｸｰ･ｲｩｭｮｴ｡ｬ＠
mobile installation
The water containing dissolved organic matter at a concentr.ation
of 2
ｫｾ＠ ｏｕＯｭｊ
Ｎ＠
or more enters in a 0.4 m.3 biological control and
conditioning vessel.
from r:he vessel, it is pumped through an
I
expanded bed methane reactors of ca. 2 mJ
ｶｯｬｵｾ
Ｍ ｾｭ｢ｩ･ｮｲ＠
tem-
perature) after which 'it flows· through a small decanter vessel
tt.2 mJ).
The' gas produced ·(minimum 5 mJ/d) is collected in a
separate 2 m3 gas holder and will be used to try out various application.
..
•
/
.
'
The construction material will be chosen in terms .of the local supply.
The pump (1 - 10 m3 / d) will be powered either by electricity,
gas oil or gas.
The experimental plant will be conceived so that it later on can
be transported to other sites to demons crate the potential of lowcost anaerobic treatment with energy recovery from soluble organic
\
matter.
this installation, various mechanical and chemical methods to
ｗｾｴｨ＠
solubilize particulate organic Clatter, especially water weeds, will
be studied and opti!llized in relation to local conditions.
b/
Pilot Scale Installation
Readily decomposable organic wastes totaling ca. 200 kg dry matter/day
will be collected.
In relation to aquatic biomass, special low · cost·techniques to collect
biomass will have to be designed and constructed.
The biomass will ·
be subjected to appropriate mechanical and chemical pretreatment
to
ｾｯｮｶ･ｲｴ＠
the particulate polymeric organic matter to soluble direct
methanogenic subtrates.
the project.
This too will have to be developed during
The dissolved organic
will be converted to
｣ｯｭｰｾｮ､ｳ＠
biogas in· a high rate expanded bed reactor (10 - 20 m3
ｶｯｬｵｭ･Ｉｾ＠
The residue will be used as fertilizer for the rice tields or for
the aquatic plants.
(20
ｾＳＩ＠
The installation· will also comprise a gas holder
and a gaspower electric genet"ator of 10 kW, as well as other
appliances to demonstrate the applicability of the biogas.
Materials
Harvesting equipment
Biomass solubilization equipment
-- ...
l expanded bed reactor
l gasholder
1 recirculation PUillP
l gas filter box
..
..
l 10 kW gas engine generacor
10 kicchen gas heacers (double fire)
10 gas flow mecers
pipes, manifolds, eleccricicy cables and other small items
-
2.3.2.
tool box
Laboratory Equipment and Reagents for Operation and Contl"'Ol
ph meter
-
microscope, preferably provided with phase contrast and incident fluorescence of 420 mm
oven for dry weight determination (105 °C)
oven for ash concent determination (650°)
burrets for cicracion
centrifuges (10 000 x g) for decenll.nacion of suspended solids
or
paper filters
ｯｴｨｾｲｩｳ･＠
equipment and chemicals for analysis of cellulose, hemicellurose,
lignin, total N and tdtal P
chert110meters
chemical for COD, VFA, alkalinity determination
3.
*
Kjeltec apparatus for determination of the COD and '{FA
*
gas chromatograph to analyze biogaz composition
*
chemicals to f loculate and illllllobilized methanogenic biomass
DEFINITION OF THE CONTRIBUTION
B
•
Belgian Contribution
•I
•
Indonesian Contribution
3 .1.
Experts
3.2.
Belgian Expe_rts 4 months in Belgium and. 22 .mo.iiths in Indonesia B
_ ·:B
1 Belgian supervising expert. . _-, times 2 wee\ta
1 · Belgian Coordinator·, 3 times 2 weeks
B·
Training
•
ｾ＠
.. '
ｾＮ＠
" l. .
..,.
_.,
2
Indonesian counterpart 6 ｭｯｮｴｨｾ＠
..---·.....- ..
-·..... -.·. - --- -
--
1
· 1 Scholafship for 3 years.
.-.-..
-
...
ｾﾷ＠
.,:
.- , __ .. -.
I
'.
,,"·-: ... . \ﾷｾ＠ .
-
B
..
10.
3.3.
Equipment
3.3.l.
Installation in the field
Selection and provision of the sites,
､･ｾ｡ｩｬ＠
specification about the type and amounts of
subtrates, provision of the substrates and
labor to operate and ai.aintain the installation,
'
general infrastructure of the sites, transI
portation of the experts
Design of both the experit11ental and pilot
---:..--- ..
digester by Belgian engineering experts
Procurement af experimental biogas plant
--· ..
·and related equipment
Procurement of
and related
biogas
･ｸｰｲｩｾｮｴ｡ｬ＠
B
---
B
ｾｬ｡ｮｴ＠
B
｟ ･ｱｵｩｰｾｮｴ＠
liioai.ass harvesting equipment and other
I
miscellaneous equipment
Laboratory equipment and reagent indi-
l
cated in 2.3.2. by indicated in 2.3.2. by
*
·- ----
. .. .
B
(the equipment will be bought in Belgium
and after proper adjustment and standardization shipped to Indonesia).
Ｍ ｾ＠
I
Transportation of equipment
.B
B
and unforeseen
ｾｬｩｳ｣･｡ｮｯｵ＠
I
;;, .4.
Travel and Lodging
a. International travel
l
ｾ･ｬｧｩ｡ｮ＠
engineers · 2 round irips
1 'lielgian supervising expert 3 round trips
Belgian Coordinator ｾ＠ round trips.
ｾ＠
Indonesian trainees 1 round trip each
1
...
B
l
•
B
B.
B
11.
3.5.
b.
Domestic travel
c.
Lodging :
all experts and counterparts
I
• 2 Belgian long term experts 22 months each
B
• 2 Belgian short term experts (6 times 2 weeks)
I
Time Schedule
Month
1 -
6
3- 6
Training in Belgium of the Indonesian counterpart
Design and preparation of technical specifications
of the equipment.
6 - 12 Start up in Indonesia and delivery of equipment.
12 - 22 Evaluation of experimental reactor and installation
of pilot reactor.
23 - 26 Optimization and evaluation.
Writing report.
BETWEEN
THE GOVERNf.l.ENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
AND THE
GOVERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUM
ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT ATA-251
"RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL ENERGY"
========================================
The Government of the Republic of Indonesia
and
the Government of the Kingdom of Belgium,
Within the framework of the General Agreement on Technical Cooperation
of June 16, 1969,
Desiring to contribute to the development of Rural Energy,
WantinE to cooperate in the implementation of the project described
hereafter· :
Have agreed as follows
Article 1 - THE PROJECT
1.1. The present agreement aims at developing biomass energy from wood,
farming waste and water weeds taking into account the principle of
natural resource sustenance and making the rural sector less
dependent on oil.
1.2. In order to achieve these objectives, a research and development
programme consisting of two distinct parts will be set up :
a. pyrolisis of wood-wasts, fuel wood and, possibly, agricultural
waste ;
b. fermentation of wastestreams and production of biogas from
agricultural waste and particularly from water weeds.
1.3. The project is further described in the Terms of Reference attached
to this Specific Agreement and forming an integral part of it •
./ ..
Article 2 - EXECUTING AGENCIES
2.1. The Belgian Government designates the Belgian Administration for
Development Cooperation (hereinafter referred to as B.A.D.C.) as
the agency responsible for the realization of its contribution to
the project. The B.A.D.C. is represented in Indonesia by the
Development Cooperation Section of the Belgian Embassy in Jakarta.
The B.A.D.C. may entrust experiences sub-contractor(s) to implement part of its contribution. Any sub-contractor and expert
shall be highly qualified and agreed by the Indonesian Government.
2.2. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia designates the Agency
for Forestry Research and Development, Department of Forestry, as
the agency responsible for the contribution to and operational
matters of the project.
Article 3 - OBLIGATIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE BELGIAN GOVERNMENT
3.1. The Government of the Kingdom of Belgium pledges to take an active
part in the realization of the different parts of the project for
which it is responsible and to take all required administrative
and budgetary measures to this end.
3.2. The Government of the Kingdom of Belgium shall provide the following experts :
a. the services of three long term experts as specified in the
attached Terms of Reference, each for a duration of 4 months
in Belgium and 22 months in Indonesia, including their salaries
and allowances, the expenses related to their journey to and
from Indonesia and their accomodation expenses in Bogor
one
of these experts will be the Belgian projectleader ;
b. the service of supervising short term experts for a total duration of 3 times 2 weeks, including the expenses related to
their journey to ahd from Indonesia.
3.3. Within the limits of the annual quota of scholarships and traineeships attributed to Indonesia, the Government of the Kingdom of
Belgium shall grant
- two scholarships covering a period of 3 years allowing the candidates to proceed to the Ph.D.-degree in Belgium ;
ｉｾ＠
two traineeships for a six months practical training in Belgium.
The choice of the beneficiaries has to be a matter of mutual agreement between both Governments.
./
..
3.4. The Government of the Kingdom of Belgium shall provide the equip ment specified in the attached Terms of Reference, including its
freight and insurance charges up to the project site. The instruments and equipment supplied by Belgium as its contribution to
the project will be utilized exclusively for the implementation of
the project and remain the property of Belgium for the whole duration of the project.
Before terminating the project, the Belgian and Indonesian Governments will consult each other on the future destination of these
equipment and instruments and on the modalities of transfer of
ownership_. to the Indonesian Government .
3.5. The Belgian budgetary input to this project will be limited to
32 million Belgian Francs.
Article 4 - OBLIGATIONS AND CONTRIBUTION OF THE INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT
4.1 . The contribution of the Republic of Indonesia, in accordance with
the prevailing laws and regulations comprises :
a. Offices, laboratory spaces, furniture , domestic telecommunication
facilities as required for the implementation of the project ,
b. the equipment and laboratory reagents as specified in the attached
Terms of Reference ,
c. the operation and maintenance cost for the offices and laboratory
as required for the implementation of the project ,
d. the appointment of four full time senior counterparts as specified
in the Terms of Reference, including the travel expenses related
to their duty ,
e. the laborants , fieldworkers and administrative and technical
personnel as required for the implementation of the project ;
f. lodging for the Belgian short term experts and supervisors ,
g. the cost of the agreed official project journeys within the country of the Belgian long- term experts , including service card and
drivers for official use if required .
4.2. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia, in accordance with the
prevailing laws and regulations, shall :
ｾ
a. do its utmost so that the Indonesian counterparts will be in a
position to fully devote themselves to the Project for its dura-
［ｯｮＬ＠
./
7
..
b. provide the Belgian experts with the exemptions
mentioned in article 7 of the General Agreement
Cooperation of June 16, 1969 ;
c. grant exoneration from all duties, other levies
the technical apparatus and equipment mentioned
above, as agreed upon in Article 10 of the said
ment
and privileges
on Technical
and taxes on
in Article 3.4.
General Agree-
d. take care of the storage and the custody of the equipment supplied by Belgium
e. provide the available reports, maps, library documents, technical data and other information required for the proper implementation of the project ;
f. issue the required agreements for the Belgian experts.
Article 5 - CONTROL AND EVALUATION
5.1. At any time, both Governments may supervise and/or control on the
spot the state of progress of the Project.
5.2. Both Governments may review the aims, objectives of the Project and
if necessaTY discuss the main problems occuring during the implementation of the Project and where necessary may evaluate the Project
or part of its implementaion aspects.
5.3. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia reserves the right to
request the Belgian Government to recall any of the consultant's
personnel in Indonesia whose services and/or activities are found
unsatisfactory or for reasons of miscpnduct, misbehaviour or
illness.
Article 6 - SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTE
Any dispute arising out of the interpretation or the implementation of
this Specific Agreement shall be settled amicably by consultation or
negotiation between the two Governments.
Article 7 - ENTERING INTO FORCE AND VALIDITY
7.1. This Specific Agreement shall enter into force on the date of
signing and remain in force until
the completion of the Project •
./ ..
7.2. Amendments to this Specific Agreement may be made at any time with
the mutual consent of the two Governments by Exchange of Letters.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the undersigned duly authorized have signed this Specific Agreement
Done at Brussel
on april 13, 1984.
In two copies in the English language.
For the Government of the
Republic of Indonesia,
Signed
For the GoverilI1ent of the
ｾｯｭ＠
of Belgfum,
Signed
--
=
ATTACHM F.NT 1'0 Tl!F: "SPECIFIC AGREEMENT RF.TWF.F.N THE
GOVERNMENT OF
MENT
OF
TION OF
MENT
OR
THF:
KINGDOM OF Bf.LGIUM
THE REPURLIC
THE
OF INDONESIA ON
ｔｈｲｾ＠
AND
THE GO\fF.RNIMPLEMENTA-
PROJECT ATA-2 5 1 : RESEARCH AND DEVF.LOP-
RURAL ENEHGY. 11
'
TF:KMS
OF
RF.IT.RF.NCE.
..
PART I - PYROLISIS
OBJECTIVES
1.
A research and development (R & D) program shall be launched with
the
a/
objectives
ｦｾｬｯｷｩｮｧ＠
to design, supply, erect and operate an experimental bench-scale
pyrolisis unit.
This unit will be of the
｣ｩｾｵｬ｡ｴｮｧ＠
fluidized
bed type which is actually . the most advanced and the mosc versatile system to evaluate primary energy resources for producing
gas, . charcoal and tar.
The R & D program shall be primarily dedicated to study the use of
wood-wastes and
or
dra and leucaena.
ｧｲｯｷｩｾ＠
fast
fuel-wood species such as . ｣｡ｬｩｾﾭ
But it is clear that the same unit can eventual-
ly be used to study the pyrolisis . of appropriate
(husks,
ｳｴｲ｡ｷｾＬ＠
shells
｡ｾｳＮｯＩＬ＠
｡ｾｲｩ｣ｵｬｴ＠
wastes
various household wastes and other
fuels like peat, lignite and coal.
b/ ·
To determine the optimum operating conditiQns and design parameters
in
ｴｨｾ＠
pyrolisis of typical wastes of the wood industry or of the
rapid growing
wood species.
ｦｾ･ｬ＠
Upon the conclusion
ｾｦ＠
the R & 0 program the necessary expertise
. to specify full scale pyrolisis
･ｱｵｩｾｭｮｴ＠
suitable for prevailing
conditions will be available in Indonesia.
c/
ln a second phase of this project a
ｰｩｬｯｴｾｳ｣ｨ･ｭ＠
will be de.s igned
and realized at a suitable site selected on a basis (1) of availability of raw
ｷｯ､ｾｧ｡ｳ＠
rural energy.
ｭ｡ｴ･ｲｩｬｾ＠
and (11) in order to.cover urgent nee'ds
This pilot scheme shall for 7xample consist in a
driven electrical power generating set coping with the
needs of a typical rural community • .
ｾｮ＠
. . . .-.
-.
"
2.
MEANS
2.1.
Experts
1
Belgian ･ｸｾｲｴ＠
specialized in P.Yrolisis process and systems (this
expert ｷｩｬｾ＠
be the Belgian projectleaderJ;
Belgian expert specialized in ｰｾｯ､ｵ｣ｴ＠
evaluation ;
l
Indonesian technical counterpart;
l
Indonesian scientific counterpart;
l
2.2.
\'
Training
The Indonesian technical counterpart (2.1.) will be
6 months in Belgium, in order to
｡｣ｱｵｩｲｾ＠
ｴｲ｡ｩｮ･ｾ＠
for
experience in similar re-
search program.
The Indonesian scientific counterpart should possess a training as
a chemical er.gineer and have an excellent academic record.
wilt
be
He
ｴｨｾ＠
trained in Belgium (Free Uni vers icy of Brussels) ic.
basic and applied aspects of pyrolisis.
The scholarship will cover a period of 3 years in order to
｡ｬｾｯｷ＠
the candidate to prepare a Ph.D . degree.
2.3.
Equipment
2.3.1.
The experimental bench scale pyrolisis unit will consist of the
following major
ｰｩ･｣ｾ＠
of equipment ' :
a fluidized bed reactor with electric heating and ther111al
insulation, together with a cyclone separator and
a
solids
recycling loop (reactor diameter in the range of 15 to 40 cm,
total height of the plant 200 to 250
a produ·ct cooler and condenser
a gas flow meter and gas analyser
｣ｭｾＮ＠
3.
2.3.2.
Analytical equipment to characterize the liquid and solid products
to be specified and procured by B.
General laboratory equipment, glass, tools, chemicals a.s.o. to be
specified by B and procured by I.
More precisely
\
densic:ometers
v-iscosimec:ers
refractive index
ｾ＠
distillation unit
elemental analysis C, H, 0
calorimetric bomb (p.m.) for characterizing the wood tar
equipment
ｳ｣ｲ･ｾｮｩｧ＠
surface deter.Iii.nation according to the chromatographic version
of c:he BET-method
elemental analysis C, H, 0 (see above) for characc:erizing the
charcoal
laboratory scale chipper
agglomerating equipment (I, own construction)
briquetting press.
3.
DEFINITION OF THE CONTRIBUTION
3. l .
B •
Belgian contribution
I
Indonesian contribution
•
Expens
__.,.._ . ..
Belgian expert 4 months in Belgium and 22 months in Indonesia
3 times 2 weeks
1 Belgian supervising expert
1 Belgian Coordinator, 3 times 1 week
Training
1
...
l
Indonesian counterpart 6 monc:hs
i
Scholarship for 3 years
..
B
B
B
B
·a
4.
3.3.
Equipment
Design of the experimental pyrolisis unit
Buildings and fixed infrastructure for
bench scale pyrolisis
ｰｬｾｮｴ＠
and. associated
l
laboratory
Procurement oi bench scale pyrolisis plane
B
and related equipment
Thermocouples temperature recorder and
\.
controller
B
Gas chromatograph. with analytical columns
provided in part II,
B
·- -
Transport of equipment
4. .
B
Miscellaneous and unforeseen
B
l
3.4.
'Operating Cost
Delivery and pretreatment of raw
l
ｭ｡ｴ･ｾｩｬｳ＠
Labour to operate and maintain the plant and the laboratory
equipment
I
Pressurized gases for gas chromatographic separation,
reactants, chemicals, catalyst
I
Standard laboratory equipment (drying ovens,
calcining furnaces, balances, centrifuges, etc • • • )
ｬｾ､ｯｮ･ｳｩ｡＠
A budget should be foreseen on the
ｾｩ､･＠
1
either to acquire
missing equipment or to have certain analyses performed by other
Indonesian Institutes •
•
3.5.
Travel and Lodging
a.
International travel -·
- -=
ｾＭ
·- . •.
1 Belgian engineer 1· round trip.- ·
_,....
-· ... . . .. -...
1 Belgian supervising expert: 3 round tripe
·---1 Belgian Coordinator 3 round trips
2 Indonesian trainees l round t:rip " each
B
B
B
B
5.
b.
Domestic travel
c.
Lodging :
all experts and counterparts
- long-term experts (22 months each)
I
B
- short-term experts (3 times 2 weeks and
3 times 1 week)
3.6.
I
Time Schedule
Month
1 - 4
Design, construction and skid mounting in Belgium.
Testing of the unit with model feedstock in the
presence of the Indonesian counterpart.
4 - 15 Dismantling, shipping, reassembling and start-up
in Indonesia.
Experimental study of various
feedstocks.
16 - 20 Study of oxygen gasification.
21 - 26 Writing report and modelling.
6.
..
PART II- FER.HENTATION
1.
OBJECTIVES
TI\e program will consist out of two parts :
'
a/ ·
TI\e small experimental installation to demonstrate the feasibility
of high rate anaerobic digestion at ambient temperatures.
Biogas
will be produced in an expanded bed reactor by treating wastestreams
such as rubber processing ･ｦｬｵｮｴｾＬ＠
cassava processing .effluents,
sewage, aquatic weeds and eventual other agricultural wastes.
The
installation will be mobile.
The main purpose of the installation is to adapt modern methode digestion technology to Indonesian situations and to demonstrate its
potential to ｴｨｾ＠
Indonesian people.
ｐ｡ｲｴｩ｣ｵｬＡｾ＠
｡ｴｾｮｩｯ＠
is there-
by paid to the situation in Java, which has a low availability of
animal livestock, waste and an extremely high dema nd in terms of
food production for all available arable land.
b/
The pilot scale installation in rural community with demonstration
of the various applicabilities of the biogas.
Biogas will be produced from various types of biomass (straw, ·grass,
dung, etc ••• ) in a two-phase digester.
Particular emphasis will be laid upon the use of water weeds in ge--
•
neral and water hyacinths in particular as methanogenic substrates.
Indeed these plants have a very high ?reduction, constitute a nuisance to the. local population,and do not impede with any traditional
agricultural activity.
It will be demonstrated how the biogas can
be used to cook, or to produce electric· power.
The pilot installa-
tion will be conceived on the basis of the results
ｯｾ＠
the experi-
mental installation at a scale sufficiently large to provide
ｾｨ･＠
fuel to cook for at least S to 10 families, . or the electric power
to provide lighting to SO faalilies.
This integrated installation._
should be installed in a relatively remote, non-electrified village.
,
.. . .
_ . _.
7.
ｾｬｅａｎｓ＠
t:xperts
I.. 2..
l
lielgian engineer specialized in bio-technology
l
Belgian engineer specialized in rural energy
l
lndonl!sian specialist in rural energy
l
Indonesian specialist in rural sociology
\
Training
I
The Indonesian technical counterpart (2.l . ) will be trained in
lielgium during b months, that is during the testing of the experimental reacr:or • .
Une Indonesian universir:y graduar:e in the field of microbiology,
or chemical engineering will be r:rained in Belgium
ｲ･ｾｬＡｮＺ｡ｩｯ＠
(Stace Universir:y of Gent) in order to'masr:er r:he
ｾ｡ｳｩ｣＠
as well as
the applied aspects of bio gas f ermentation •
•
The candidate
ｳｨｯｵｾ､＠
have an excellent academic record.
The scholarship will cover a period of 3 year' in order to
ｾ Ｑｯｷ＠
the candidate to obtain a Ph.D . degree.
Equipment
2.3.l.
a/
ｾｸｰ･ｲｩｭｮｴ｡ｬ＠
mobile installation
The water containing dissolved organic matter at a concentr.ation
of 2
ｫｾ＠ ｏｕＯｭｊ
Ｎ＠
or more enters in a 0.4 m.3 biological control and
conditioning vessel.
from r:he vessel, it is pumped through an
I
expanded bed methane reactors of ca. 2 mJ
ｶｯｬｵｾ
Ｍ ｾｭ｢ｩ･ｮｲ＠
tem-
perature) after which 'it flows· through a small decanter vessel
tt.2 mJ).
The' gas produced ·(minimum 5 mJ/d) is collected in a
separate 2 m3 gas holder and will be used to try out various application.
..
•
/
.
'
The construction material will be chosen in terms .of the local supply.
The pump (1 - 10 m3 / d) will be powered either by electricity,
gas oil or gas.
The experimental plant will be conceived so that it later on can
be transported to other sites to demons crate the potential of lowcost anaerobic treatment with energy recovery from soluble organic
\
matter.
this installation, various mechanical and chemical methods to
ｗｾｴｨ＠
solubilize particulate organic Clatter, especially water weeds, will
be studied and opti!llized in relation to local conditions.
b/
Pilot Scale Installation
Readily decomposable organic wastes totaling ca. 200 kg dry matter/day
will be collected.
In relation to aquatic biomass, special low · cost·techniques to collect
biomass will have to be designed and constructed.
The biomass will ·
be subjected to appropriate mechanical and chemical pretreatment
to
ｾｯｮｶ･ｲｴ＠
the particulate polymeric organic matter to soluble direct
methanogenic subtrates.
the project.
This too will have to be developed during
The dissolved organic
will be converted to
｣ｯｭｰｾｮ､ｳ＠
biogas in· a high rate expanded bed reactor (10 - 20 m3
ｶｯｬｵｭ･Ｉｾ＠
The residue will be used as fertilizer for the rice tields or for
the aquatic plants.
(20
ｾＳＩ＠
The installation· will also comprise a gas holder
and a gaspower electric genet"ator of 10 kW, as well as other
appliances to demonstrate the applicability of the biogas.
Materials
Harvesting equipment
Biomass solubilization equipment
-- ...
l expanded bed reactor
l gasholder
1 recirculation PUillP
l gas filter box
..
..
l 10 kW gas engine generacor
10 kicchen gas heacers (double fire)
10 gas flow mecers
pipes, manifolds, eleccricicy cables and other small items
-
2.3.2.
tool box
Laboratory Equipment and Reagents for Operation and Contl"'Ol
ph meter
-
microscope, preferably provided with phase contrast and incident fluorescence of 420 mm
oven for dry weight determination (105 °C)
oven for ash concent determination (650°)
burrets for cicracion
centrifuges (10 000 x g) for decenll.nacion of suspended solids
or
paper filters
ｯｴｨｾｲｩｳ･＠
equipment and chemicals for analysis of cellulose, hemicellurose,
lignin, total N and tdtal P
chert110meters
chemical for COD, VFA, alkalinity determination
3.
*
Kjeltec apparatus for determination of the COD and '{FA
*
gas chromatograph to analyze biogaz composition
*
chemicals to f loculate and illllllobilized methanogenic biomass
DEFINITION OF THE CONTRIBUTION
B
•
Belgian Contribution
•I
•
Indonesian Contribution
3 .1.
Experts
3.2.
Belgian Expe_rts 4 months in Belgium and. 22 .mo.iiths in Indonesia B
_ ·:B
1 Belgian supervising expert. . _-, times 2 wee\ta
1 · Belgian Coordinator·, 3 times 2 weeks
B·
Training
•
ｾ＠
.. '
ｾＮ＠
" l. .
..,.
_.,
2
Indonesian counterpart 6 ｭｯｮｴｨｾ＠
..---·.....- ..
-·..... -.·. - --- -
--
1
· 1 Scholafship for 3 years.
.-.-..
-
...
ｾﾷ＠
.,:
.- , __ .. -.
I
'.
,,"·-: ... . \ﾷｾ＠ .
-
B
..
10.
3.3.
Equipment
3.3.l.
Installation in the field
Selection and provision of the sites,
､･ｾ｡ｩｬ＠
specification about the type and amounts of
subtrates, provision of the substrates and
labor to operate and ai.aintain the installation,
'
general infrastructure of the sites, transI
portation of the experts
Design of both the experit11ental and pilot
---:..--- ..
digester by Belgian engineering experts
Procurement af experimental biogas plant
--· ..
·and related equipment
Procurement of
and related
biogas
･ｸｰｲｩｾｮｴ｡ｬ＠
B
---
B
ｾｬ｡ｮｴ＠
B
｟ ･ｱｵｩｰｾｮｴ＠
liioai.ass harvesting equipment and other
I
miscellaneous equipment
Laboratory equipment and reagent indi-
l
cated in 2.3.2. by indicated in 2.3.2. by
*
·- ----
. .. .
B
(the equipment will be bought in Belgium
and after proper adjustment and standardization shipped to Indonesia).
Ｍ ｾ＠
I
Transportation of equipment
.B
B
and unforeseen
ｾｬｩｳ｣･｡ｮｯｵ＠
I
;;, .4.
Travel and Lodging
a. International travel
l
ｾ･ｬｧｩ｡ｮ＠
engineers · 2 round irips
1 'lielgian supervising expert 3 round trips
Belgian Coordinator ｾ＠ round trips.
ｾ＠
Indonesian trainees 1 round trip each
1
...
B
l
•
B
B.
B
11.
3.5.
b.
Domestic travel
c.
Lodging :
all experts and counterparts
I
• 2 Belgian long term experts 22 months each
B
• 2 Belgian short term experts (6 times 2 weeks)
I
Time Schedule
Month
1 -
6
3- 6
Training in Belgium of the Indonesian counterpart
Design and preparation of technical specifications
of the equipment.
6 - 12 Start up in Indonesia and delivery of equipment.
12 - 22 Evaluation of experimental reactor and installation
of pilot reactor.
23 - 26 Optimization and evaluation.
Writing report.