Slide PSI 204 Pertemuan III
ORGANIZATIONAL
COMMUNICATION
Communication
Communication
The power of communication
Ways to make communication more effective
Nearly 70 percent of their waking hours
communicating
Writing,
reading, speaking & listening
Communication
to
convey information & ideas
to impart meaning to be understood
Communication
Poor communication the most frequently cited
source of interpersonal conflict
Good communication skills are critical to career
success
Transfer and understanding of meaning
Functions of Communication
Major functions within a group or organization:
Control
Authority hierarchies
Formal guidelines
Motivation
Performance review & feedback
Goal-setting
Emotional expression
Feeling
Fulfillment of social needs
Information
Decision making to identify and evaluate alternative choices
Communication Process (1)
Sender
Initiator
of a message
Encoding
Message
The
actual physical product of the sender’s encoding
Channels (Formal & Informal)
The
medium through which the message travels
Communication Process (2)
Decoding
Receiver
The
person to whom the message is directed
Noise
Communication
barriers that distort the clarity of the
message
Feedback
The
check on how successful we have been in
transferring our messages as originally intended to
determine whether understanding has been achieved
Classroom Exercise (1)
Interpersonal Communication
Oral
Communication
Written Communication
Nonverbal Communication
Organizational Communication
Formal
Small-Group Networks
The Grapevine
Electronic Communication
Interpersonal Communication
Komunikasi Interpersonal
Merupakan proses penyampaian pesan dari
komunikator (pengirim pesan) kepada komunikan
(penerima pesan) melalui media.
Interpersonal Communication
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
Masalah :
Memikirkan tentang apa yang akan di
komunikasikan
Melatih cara berkomunikasi
Mempelajari keterampilan dalam berkomunikasi
Tiga jalur dalam komunikasi interpersonal:
Oral Communication (verbal)
Written Communication (tertulis)
Nonverbal Communication
Interpersonal Communication
1.
2.
3.
Oral Communication
Nonverbal Communication:
Body Language
Paralanguage
Artifacts
Written Communication
Organizational Communication
Formal small-group networks
Chain
Wheel
All-channel
Organizational Communication
Grapevine
Tiga karakteristik:
Tidak dikontrol oleh management
Lebih dapat dipercaya dan reliabel
Memberi kepentingan bagi orang-orang di dalamnya
Kelebihan:
Memberi manajer perasaan semangat untuk organisasinya
Mengidentifikasikan masalah-masalah penting pada pekerja
Membantu kebutuhan karyawan (closeness & friendship)
Organizational Communicate
Electronic Communication
E-mail
IM & text messaging
Networking software
Blogs
Video conferencing
Classroom Exercise (2)
Barriers to Effective Communication
Filtering
Selective
Perception
Information Overload
Emotions
Language
Silence
Communication Apprehension
Gender Differences
“Politically Correct” Communication
Barriers to Effective Communication
Frame
of Reference : Perbedaan individu dan
pengalamannya yang membedakan interpretasi.
Selective Listening : Memblok informasi baru
dikarenakan adanya “believe”.
Value Judgments : Informasi yang diterima
berdasarkan evaluasi receiver terhadap komunikator.
Source Credibility : Tingkat kredibilitas komunikator
mempengaruhi receiver dalam menerima informasi
Filtering
: Memanipulasi informasi sehingga receiver
merasakan “informasi positif”.
In Group Language : Jargon atau bahasa dalam
organisasi yang tidak mudah dipahami “outsider”.
Status Differences : Status dianggap sebagai ancaman
dan penghalang.
Time Pressures : Keterbatasan waktu untuk
berkomunikasi
Communication overload : Terlalu banyak informasi dan
pesan yang diterima oleh receiver.
Global Implication
Cultural Barriers
Cultural Context
A Cultural Guide
Differences
– Similarity
Description – Interpretation / Evaluation
Empathy
Interpretation Working Hypothesis
COMMUNICATION
Communication
Communication
The power of communication
Ways to make communication more effective
Nearly 70 percent of their waking hours
communicating
Writing,
reading, speaking & listening
Communication
to
convey information & ideas
to impart meaning to be understood
Communication
Poor communication the most frequently cited
source of interpersonal conflict
Good communication skills are critical to career
success
Transfer and understanding of meaning
Functions of Communication
Major functions within a group or organization:
Control
Authority hierarchies
Formal guidelines
Motivation
Performance review & feedback
Goal-setting
Emotional expression
Feeling
Fulfillment of social needs
Information
Decision making to identify and evaluate alternative choices
Communication Process (1)
Sender
Initiator
of a message
Encoding
Message
The
actual physical product of the sender’s encoding
Channels (Formal & Informal)
The
medium through which the message travels
Communication Process (2)
Decoding
Receiver
The
person to whom the message is directed
Noise
Communication
barriers that distort the clarity of the
message
Feedback
The
check on how successful we have been in
transferring our messages as originally intended to
determine whether understanding has been achieved
Classroom Exercise (1)
Interpersonal Communication
Oral
Communication
Written Communication
Nonverbal Communication
Organizational Communication
Formal
Small-Group Networks
The Grapevine
Electronic Communication
Interpersonal Communication
Komunikasi Interpersonal
Merupakan proses penyampaian pesan dari
komunikator (pengirim pesan) kepada komunikan
(penerima pesan) melalui media.
Interpersonal Communication
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
Masalah :
Memikirkan tentang apa yang akan di
komunikasikan
Melatih cara berkomunikasi
Mempelajari keterampilan dalam berkomunikasi
Tiga jalur dalam komunikasi interpersonal:
Oral Communication (verbal)
Written Communication (tertulis)
Nonverbal Communication
Interpersonal Communication
1.
2.
3.
Oral Communication
Nonverbal Communication:
Body Language
Paralanguage
Artifacts
Written Communication
Organizational Communication
Formal small-group networks
Chain
Wheel
All-channel
Organizational Communication
Grapevine
Tiga karakteristik:
Tidak dikontrol oleh management
Lebih dapat dipercaya dan reliabel
Memberi kepentingan bagi orang-orang di dalamnya
Kelebihan:
Memberi manajer perasaan semangat untuk organisasinya
Mengidentifikasikan masalah-masalah penting pada pekerja
Membantu kebutuhan karyawan (closeness & friendship)
Organizational Communicate
Electronic Communication
IM & text messaging
Networking software
Blogs
Video conferencing
Classroom Exercise (2)
Barriers to Effective Communication
Filtering
Selective
Perception
Information Overload
Emotions
Language
Silence
Communication Apprehension
Gender Differences
“Politically Correct” Communication
Barriers to Effective Communication
Frame
of Reference : Perbedaan individu dan
pengalamannya yang membedakan interpretasi.
Selective Listening : Memblok informasi baru
dikarenakan adanya “believe”.
Value Judgments : Informasi yang diterima
berdasarkan evaluasi receiver terhadap komunikator.
Source Credibility : Tingkat kredibilitas komunikator
mempengaruhi receiver dalam menerima informasi
Filtering
: Memanipulasi informasi sehingga receiver
merasakan “informasi positif”.
In Group Language : Jargon atau bahasa dalam
organisasi yang tidak mudah dipahami “outsider”.
Status Differences : Status dianggap sebagai ancaman
dan penghalang.
Time Pressures : Keterbatasan waktu untuk
berkomunikasi
Communication overload : Terlalu banyak informasi dan
pesan yang diterima oleh receiver.
Global Implication
Cultural Barriers
Cultural Context
A Cultural Guide
Differences
– Similarity
Description – Interpretation / Evaluation
Empathy
Interpretation Working Hypothesis