t pkn 0705666 table of contents
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN
ABSTRAK
ABSTRACT
KATA PENGANTAR
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH
DAFTAR ISI
BAB
BAB
................................................................................................................
i
PENDAHULUAN...........................................................................................
1
A. Latar Belakang ............................................................................................
1
B. Masalah Penelitian ........................................................................................
12
C. Tujuan Penelitian ..........................................................................................
13
D. Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................................
14
E. Penjelasan Istilah ..........................................................................................
15
1. Pergeseran Nilai Masyarakat .....................................................................
15
2. Konflik Etnik di Maluku Utara .................................................................
17
3. Integrasi Nasional ......................................................................................
18
II KAJIAN PUSTAKA .....................................................................................
24
A. Konsep Nilai ...................................................................................................
24
1. Pengertian Nilai ..........................................................................................
24
I
2. Klasifikasi Nilai ..........................................................................................
30
3. Macam-macam Nilai ..................................................................................
32
4. Hierarkhi Nilai ............................................................................................
35
5. Makna Nilai Bagi Manusia ........................................................................
38
6. Nilai Sebagai Perwujudan Diri ...................................................................
41
7. Cara Memperoleh Nilai ..............................................................................
43
8. Nilai diantara Kualitas Primer dan Kualitas Sekunder ...............................
44
B. Pergeseran Nilai ............................................................................................
46
1. Perubahan Nilai dan Arah Perubahan Nilai ...............................................
46
2. Faktor-faktor Pendorong Proses Perubahan Masyarakat ...........................
47
3. Pewarisan Nilai Budaya .............................................................................
53
4. Proses Pewarisan Nilai Budaya ..................................................................
54
5. Tempat Pewarisan Nilai Budaya ................................................................
56
7. Pergeseran Nilai Budaya, Agama, dan Etika .............................................
61
C. Memahami Konflik Antaraetnik .................................................................
64
1. Mitos Tentang Konflik .............................................................................
64
a. Pengertian Konflik .................................................................................
67
b. Bentuk Konflik ......................................................................................
70
c. Fungsi Konflik .......................................................................................
72
d. Konteks dan Sumber Konflik ................................................................
76
2. Konsep Etnik ............................................................................................
83
a. Definisi Etnik .........................................................................................
83
b. Beberapa Konsep Sekitar Etnik .............................................................
87
BAB
c. Etnisitas dan Hubungan Etnis ................................................................
91
d. Etnisitas dan Potensinya Terhadap Disintegrasi sosial .........................
96
e. Pengertian Konflik Antaretnik ...............................................................
98
f. Tahap-tahap Konflik Antaretnik ............................................................
101
D. Perubahan Sosial ...........................................................................................
108
1. Pengertian Perubahan Sosial ......................................................................
109
2. Teori Perubahan Sosial ...............................................................................
113
3. Ciri Perubahan Sosial .................................................................................
118
4. Faktor-faktor yang Menyebabkan Perubahan Sosial .................................
120
5. Beberapa Bentuk Perubahan Sosial ............................................................
123
E. Integrasi Sosial dan Integrasi Nasional .......................................................
127
1. Pengertian Integrasi Sosial ........................................................................
127
2. Bentuk-bentuk Integrasi Sosial ..................................................................
129
3. Faktor-faktor Pendorong Integrasi Sosial ..................................................
131
4. Faktor-faktor Penghambat Integrasi Sosial ...............................................
135
5. Pengertian Integrasi Nasional .....................................................................
137
6. Faktor Pendorong dan Penghambat Integrasi Nasional .............................
143
III
METODE PENELITIAN ........................................................................
150
A.
Pendekatan dan Metode Penelitian ........................................................
150
B.
Teknik Pengumpulan Data .....................................................................
153
1. Observasi Partisipatif .............................................................................
153
2. Wawancara Mendalam ..........................................................................
154
3. Studi Dokumentasi ................................................................................
154
4. Snowboll Sampling ...............................................................................
155
C.
Lokasi dan Subjek Penelitian ..................................................................
156
D.
Analisis Data Penelitian ...........................................................................
157
1. Analisis Sebelum di Lapangan ..............................................................
158
2. Analisis Selama di Lapangan ................................................................
159
a. Penyajian Data ..................................................................................
161
b. Reduksi Data .....................................................................................
161
c. Penarikan Kesimpulan / Verifikasi ...................................................
162
Konstruksi Data ........................................................................................
162
1. Deskripsi ................................................................................................
162
2. Verifikasi ...............................................................................................
163
3. Validasi Data .........................................................................................
163
F.
Prosedur Penelitian ..................................................................................
165
IV
DESKRIPSI DATA DAN PEMBAHASAN HASIL PENELITIAN.....
167
A.
Gambaran Umum Lokasi Penelitian ......................................................
167
1. Letak Geografis .....................................................................................
167
2. Iklim dan Topografi ...............................................................................
170
3. Jumlah Penduduk ...................................................................................
171
4. Kepadatan Penduduk ..............................................................................
172
5. Tenaga Kerja dan Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja (TPAK) ...........
173
6. Pendidikan .............................................................................................
174
E.
BAB
B.
7. Struktur Ekonomi dan Pendapatan Regional .........................................
177
8. Lembaga Budaya (Adat) ........................................................................
178
9. Lembaga Agama ....................................................................................
180
Deskripsi Hasil Penelitian ........................................................................
180
1. Kondisi Masyarakat Sebelum Konflik Etnik
di Maluku Utara .....................................................................................
180
2. Kondisi Masyarakat Pasca Konflik ......................................................
184
3. Pergeseran Nilai dan Implikasinya
pada Integrasi Sosial dan Nasional ........................................................
187
4. Upaya yang Ditempuh dalam Mengatasi Pergeseran Nilai
C.
dan Menyatukan Masyarakat ...............................................................
190
Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian ..................................................................
193
1. Nilai-nilai Budaya Masyarakat Sebelum Konflik .................................
193
2. Nilai-nilai Kehidupan (Budaya) Masyarakat Pasca Konflik ................
202
3. Pergeseran Nilai Masyarakat dan Implikasinya pada
Integrasi Sosial dan Integrasi Nasional .................................................
211
4. Upaya-upaya yang Ditempuh dalam Mengatasi Pergeseran
Nilai dan Menyatukan Masyarakat Ternate, sehingga tidak
BAB
Mengakibatkan Terjadinya Disintegrasi Bangsa ..................................
222
V KESIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI ....................................................
231
A. Kesimpulan ....................................................................................................
231
1. Kesimpulan Umum ....................................................................................
231
2. Kesimpulan Khusus ....................................................................................
232
B. Rekomendasi ..................................................................................................
234
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ……………………………………………………………………
236
LAMPIRAN - LAMPIRAN
HALAMAN JUDUL
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN
ABSTRAK
ABSTRACT
KATA PENGANTAR
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH
DAFTAR ISI
BAB
BAB
................................................................................................................
i
PENDAHULUAN...........................................................................................
1
A. Latar Belakang ............................................................................................
1
B. Masalah Penelitian ........................................................................................
12
C. Tujuan Penelitian ..........................................................................................
13
D. Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................................
14
E. Penjelasan Istilah ..........................................................................................
15
1. Pergeseran Nilai Masyarakat .....................................................................
15
2. Konflik Etnik di Maluku Utara .................................................................
17
3. Integrasi Nasional ......................................................................................
18
II KAJIAN PUSTAKA .....................................................................................
24
A. Konsep Nilai ...................................................................................................
24
1. Pengertian Nilai ..........................................................................................
24
I
2. Klasifikasi Nilai ..........................................................................................
30
3. Macam-macam Nilai ..................................................................................
32
4. Hierarkhi Nilai ............................................................................................
35
5. Makna Nilai Bagi Manusia ........................................................................
38
6. Nilai Sebagai Perwujudan Diri ...................................................................
41
7. Cara Memperoleh Nilai ..............................................................................
43
8. Nilai diantara Kualitas Primer dan Kualitas Sekunder ...............................
44
B. Pergeseran Nilai ............................................................................................
46
1. Perubahan Nilai dan Arah Perubahan Nilai ...............................................
46
2. Faktor-faktor Pendorong Proses Perubahan Masyarakat ...........................
47
3. Pewarisan Nilai Budaya .............................................................................
53
4. Proses Pewarisan Nilai Budaya ..................................................................
54
5. Tempat Pewarisan Nilai Budaya ................................................................
56
7. Pergeseran Nilai Budaya, Agama, dan Etika .............................................
61
C. Memahami Konflik Antaraetnik .................................................................
64
1. Mitos Tentang Konflik .............................................................................
64
a. Pengertian Konflik .................................................................................
67
b. Bentuk Konflik ......................................................................................
70
c. Fungsi Konflik .......................................................................................
72
d. Konteks dan Sumber Konflik ................................................................
76
2. Konsep Etnik ............................................................................................
83
a. Definisi Etnik .........................................................................................
83
b. Beberapa Konsep Sekitar Etnik .............................................................
87
BAB
c. Etnisitas dan Hubungan Etnis ................................................................
91
d. Etnisitas dan Potensinya Terhadap Disintegrasi sosial .........................
96
e. Pengertian Konflik Antaretnik ...............................................................
98
f. Tahap-tahap Konflik Antaretnik ............................................................
101
D. Perubahan Sosial ...........................................................................................
108
1. Pengertian Perubahan Sosial ......................................................................
109
2. Teori Perubahan Sosial ...............................................................................
113
3. Ciri Perubahan Sosial .................................................................................
118
4. Faktor-faktor yang Menyebabkan Perubahan Sosial .................................
120
5. Beberapa Bentuk Perubahan Sosial ............................................................
123
E. Integrasi Sosial dan Integrasi Nasional .......................................................
127
1. Pengertian Integrasi Sosial ........................................................................
127
2. Bentuk-bentuk Integrasi Sosial ..................................................................
129
3. Faktor-faktor Pendorong Integrasi Sosial ..................................................
131
4. Faktor-faktor Penghambat Integrasi Sosial ...............................................
135
5. Pengertian Integrasi Nasional .....................................................................
137
6. Faktor Pendorong dan Penghambat Integrasi Nasional .............................
143
III
METODE PENELITIAN ........................................................................
150
A.
Pendekatan dan Metode Penelitian ........................................................
150
B.
Teknik Pengumpulan Data .....................................................................
153
1. Observasi Partisipatif .............................................................................
153
2. Wawancara Mendalam ..........................................................................
154
3. Studi Dokumentasi ................................................................................
154
4. Snowboll Sampling ...............................................................................
155
C.
Lokasi dan Subjek Penelitian ..................................................................
156
D.
Analisis Data Penelitian ...........................................................................
157
1. Analisis Sebelum di Lapangan ..............................................................
158
2. Analisis Selama di Lapangan ................................................................
159
a. Penyajian Data ..................................................................................
161
b. Reduksi Data .....................................................................................
161
c. Penarikan Kesimpulan / Verifikasi ...................................................
162
Konstruksi Data ........................................................................................
162
1. Deskripsi ................................................................................................
162
2. Verifikasi ...............................................................................................
163
3. Validasi Data .........................................................................................
163
F.
Prosedur Penelitian ..................................................................................
165
IV
DESKRIPSI DATA DAN PEMBAHASAN HASIL PENELITIAN.....
167
A.
Gambaran Umum Lokasi Penelitian ......................................................
167
1. Letak Geografis .....................................................................................
167
2. Iklim dan Topografi ...............................................................................
170
3. Jumlah Penduduk ...................................................................................
171
4. Kepadatan Penduduk ..............................................................................
172
5. Tenaga Kerja dan Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja (TPAK) ...........
173
6. Pendidikan .............................................................................................
174
E.
BAB
B.
7. Struktur Ekonomi dan Pendapatan Regional .........................................
177
8. Lembaga Budaya (Adat) ........................................................................
178
9. Lembaga Agama ....................................................................................
180
Deskripsi Hasil Penelitian ........................................................................
180
1. Kondisi Masyarakat Sebelum Konflik Etnik
di Maluku Utara .....................................................................................
180
2. Kondisi Masyarakat Pasca Konflik ......................................................
184
3. Pergeseran Nilai dan Implikasinya
pada Integrasi Sosial dan Nasional ........................................................
187
4. Upaya yang Ditempuh dalam Mengatasi Pergeseran Nilai
C.
dan Menyatukan Masyarakat ...............................................................
190
Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian ..................................................................
193
1. Nilai-nilai Budaya Masyarakat Sebelum Konflik .................................
193
2. Nilai-nilai Kehidupan (Budaya) Masyarakat Pasca Konflik ................
202
3. Pergeseran Nilai Masyarakat dan Implikasinya pada
Integrasi Sosial dan Integrasi Nasional .................................................
211
4. Upaya-upaya yang Ditempuh dalam Mengatasi Pergeseran
Nilai dan Menyatukan Masyarakat Ternate, sehingga tidak
BAB
Mengakibatkan Terjadinya Disintegrasi Bangsa ..................................
222
V KESIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI ....................................................
231
A. Kesimpulan ....................................................................................................
231
1. Kesimpulan Umum ....................................................................................
231
2. Kesimpulan Khusus ....................................................................................
232
B. Rekomendasi ..................................................................................................
234
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ……………………………………………………………………
236
LAMPIRAN - LAMPIRAN