Pengaruh Kadar D Dimer Pada Pasien Pneumonia Komunitas Terhadap Derajat Skor Curb-65 Pada Saat Awal Masuk Rumah Sakit
DAFTAR KEPUSTAKAAN
Abidin A (2010). Management of Community Acquired Pneumonia. Dalam :
Naskah lengkap 11th Annual Scientific meeting Internal Medicine 2010.
Semarang. Badan penerbit USU press; 132-42.
Abraham E. (2000) Coagulation Abnormalities in Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis.
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 22:401–4
Agapakis DI, Tsantilas D, Psarris P, Massa EV, Kotsaftis P, Konstantinos
Tziomalos K et al (2010). Coagulation and inflammation biomarkers
may help predict the severity of community-acquired pneumonia.
Respirology; 15: 796-803.
Arslan S, Ugurlu S, Bulut G, Akkurt I (2010). The association between plasma ddimer levels and community-acquired pneumonia. Clinics;65(6):593-7.
Castro DJ, Rodrıguez EP, Montaner L, Flores J, Nuevo GD (2001). Diagnostic
Value of D Dimer in Pulmonary Embolism and Pneumonia.
Respiration.;68:371–75
Birhasani (2010). Kadar D dimer plasma pada penderita sindrom koroner akut
dengan derajat stenosis berbeda. Program pasca sarjana magister Ilmu
Biomedik (Tesis). FK UNDIP. [Cited 2011 Mei 18]. Avalaible
from:http://eprints.undip.ac.id/24034/1/B_i_r_h_a_s_a_n_i.pdf
Bockenstedt P (2003). D-Dimer in venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med
;349;13:1203-4
Bont J, Hak E, Hoes AW, Macfarlane JT, Verheij TJM (2008). Predicting Death
in Elderly Patients with
Community Acquired Pneumonia: A
Prospective Validation Study Reevaluating the CRB-65 Severity
Assesment Tool. Arch Intern Med; 168: 1465-68.
Borovac DN, Pejcic T, Petkovic R, Dordevic V, Dordevic I, Stankovic I, et al
(2011). New Markers in Prognosis of Severe Community ‐ Acquired
Pneumonia. Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis; (28) 3.
Capelastegui A, Espana PP, Quintana JM, Arcitio I, Gorondo I, Egurolla M, et.al
(2006). Validation of Predictive Rule for the management of Community
Acquired Pneumonia. Eur Respir J; 27: 151-57.
Carol P, Kathryn JG. Alteration of Urinary System (2003). In:Essentials of
Pathophysiology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 411
Chalmers JD, Singanayagam A, Scally C, Hill AT (2009). Admission D-dimer
can identify low-risk patients with community acquired pneumonia.
Annals of Emergency Medicine; 53:633-8
Crain MC, Opal SM (2010). Clinical review: The role of biomarkers in the
diagnosis and management of communitya cquired pneumonia. Critical
Care, 14:203.
Dahlan Z (2000). Pandangan Baru Pneumonia Atipik dan Terapinya. Cermin
Dunia Kedokteran;128: 6.
De Frances CJ, Lucas CA, Buie VC, Golosinskiy A (2008). 2006 National
Hospital Discharge Survey. National Health Statistic Reports;5: 1-20.
Dahlan Z (2009). Pneumonia. Dalam: Sudoyo AW, Setyohadi B, Alwi I,
Simadibrata M, Setiati S (editors). Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam:
Interna Publishing; 2196-206.
38
Faranita T, Trisnawati Y, Lubis M (2011). Gangguan Koagulasi pada Sepsis. Sari
Pediatri;13(3):226-32.
Franchini M, Lippi G, Manzato F (2006). Recent acquisitions in the
pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular
coagulation. Thrombosis Journal; 4: 4-12.
Güneysel O, Pirmit S, Karakurt S (2004). Plasma d-dimer levels increase with the
severity of community acquired pneumonia. Tuberk Toraks; 52:341–7.
Kaplan V, Clermont G, Griffin MF, Kasal J, Watson RS, Linde-Zwirble WT, et.al
(2003). Pneumonia: Still the Oldman’s Friend?. Arch Intern Med; 163:
317-23.
Karalezli A, Hasanoglu HC, Kaya S, Babaoglu E, Acikgoz ZC, Kanbay A,
et.al (2009). Cut-off value of D-dimer in pulmonary thromboembolism
and pneumonia. Turk J Med Sci; 39 (5): 687-692.
Levi M, Schultz MJ, Rijneveld AW, van der Poll T (2003). Bronchoalveolar
coagulation and fibrinolysis in endotoxemia and pneumonia. Crit Care
Med;31:238-42
Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC, Hill AT, Jamieson C, Jeune IL, et.al (2009).
British Thoracic Society Guidelines For The Management of Community
Acquired Pneumonia in Adults: update 2009. Thorax; 64 (suppl II): 1-55.
Milbrandt EB, Reade MC, Lee MJ, Shook SL, Angus DC, Kong L, et al (2009).
Prevalence and Significance of Coagulation Abnormalities in
Community-acquired Pneumonia. Molecular medicine; 15(11-12): 438–
445.
Mira JP, Max A, Burgel PR (2008). The Role of Biomarker in Community
Acquired Pneumonia: Prediciting Mortality and Response to Adjunctive
Therapy. Critical Care;12(Suppl 6): 1-7.
Mandell LA, Wunderik RG, Arzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC,
et.al (2007). Infectious Diseases Society of America/ American Thoracic
Society Consensus Guidelines on The Management of Community
Acquired Pneumonia in Adults. CID; 44: 27- 72.
Mikaeilli H, Zarghami N, Yazdchi M, Mardani M, Ansarin K (2009). On
Admission Level of Serum D-Dimer and the Severity of Community
Acquired Pneumonia. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences;12 (6):
514-517.
Muller B, Harbarth S, Stolz D, Bingisser R, Mueller C, Leuppi J, et.al (2007).
Diagnostic and Prognostic Accuracy of Clinical and Laboratory
Parameters in Community Acquired Pneumonia. BMC Infectious
Diseases; 7: 1- 10.
Nayak SB, Sakhamuri MS, Raghunanan B, Allison A, Uppalapati K, Patcha K
(2010). The role of serum markers in assessing the severity and outcome
of community acquired pneumonia in Trinidadian population. Journal of
Public Health and Epidemiology: 20-24.
Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (2003). Pneumonia Komunitas, pedoman
diagnosis & penatalaksanaan di Indonesia. Jakarta: PDPI: 1-38.
Purba DB (2010). Kadar Procalcitonin Sebagai Marker dan Hubungannya
dengan Derajat keparahan Sepsis (Tesis). Departemen Ilmu Penyakit
Dalam, FK USU, Medan: 32.
39
Ribelles JMQ, Tenias JM, Grav E, Querol-Borras JM, Climent JL, Gomez E, et.al
(2004). Plasma d-dimer levels correlate with outcomes in patient with
Community Acquired Pneumonia. Chest; 126: 1087-92.
Rijneveld AW et al (2006). Local activation of the tissue factor-factor-factor VIIa
pathway in patients with pneumoniae and the effect of inhibition of this
pathway in murine pneumococcal pneumoniae. Crit Care Med. 34:1725730.
Rosner MH, Okusa MD (2009). Pathogenesis and etiology of postischemic acute
tubular necrosis. UpToDate. Available from : http:// www.uptodate.com.
Saito A, Kohno S, Matsushima T, et al (2006). Prospective multicenter study of
the causative organisms of Community-acquired pneumoniae in adults in
Japan. J Infect Chemother; 12:63-9.
Shilon Y, Shitrit AB, Rudensky B, Yinnon AM, Margalit M, Sulkes J, et al
(2003). A rapid quantitative D-dimer assay at admission correlates with
the severity of community acquired pneumonia. Blood Coagul
Fibrinolysis;14:745–8.
Shorr AF, Thomas SJ, Alkins SA, Fitzpatrick TM, Ling GS (2002). D-dimer
Correlates With Proinflammatory Cytokine Levels and Outcomes in
Critically Ill Patients. Chest;121;1262-1268.
Singanayagam A, Chalmers JD, Hill AT (2009). Severity Assesment in
Community Acquired Pneumonia: a review. QJ med; 102: 379-88.
Snijders D, Schoorl M, Schoorl M, Bartels PC,van der Werf TS, Wim G. Boersma
WG (2012). D-dimer levels in assessing severity and clinical outcome in
patients withcommunity-acquired pneumonia. A secondary analysis of a
randomised clinical trial. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 23, pp.
436–441.
Suharto (2011). Sepsis dasar patogenesis dan pemberian obat antimikroba. Dalam:
Nasronudin (editor): Penyakit infeksi di Indonesia & solusi kini
mendatang. Airlangga University Press: 419-25.
Summary Executive (2001). Pola Penyakit Penyebab Kematian di Indonesia.
Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT): 2.
Van der poll T (2008). Tissue factor as an initiator of coagulation and
inflammation in the lung. Critical Care, 12(Suppl 6):S3
Wattanathum A, Chaoprasong C, Nunthapisud P, et al (2003). Communityacquired pneumoniae in southeast Asia: the microbial differences
between ambulatory and hospitalized patients. Chest; 123:1512-9.
Widjaja AC (2010). Uji diagnostik pemeriksaan kadar D dimer plasma pada
diagnosis stroke iskemik (Tesis). Program pasca sarjana magister Ilmu
Biomedik. FK UNDIP. [Cited 2013 Mei 10]. Avalaible
from:http://eprints.undip.ac.id.
40
Abidin A (2010). Management of Community Acquired Pneumonia. Dalam :
Naskah lengkap 11th Annual Scientific meeting Internal Medicine 2010.
Semarang. Badan penerbit USU press; 132-42.
Abraham E. (2000) Coagulation Abnormalities in Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis.
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 22:401–4
Agapakis DI, Tsantilas D, Psarris P, Massa EV, Kotsaftis P, Konstantinos
Tziomalos K et al (2010). Coagulation and inflammation biomarkers
may help predict the severity of community-acquired pneumonia.
Respirology; 15: 796-803.
Arslan S, Ugurlu S, Bulut G, Akkurt I (2010). The association between plasma ddimer levels and community-acquired pneumonia. Clinics;65(6):593-7.
Castro DJ, Rodrıguez EP, Montaner L, Flores J, Nuevo GD (2001). Diagnostic
Value of D Dimer in Pulmonary Embolism and Pneumonia.
Respiration.;68:371–75
Birhasani (2010). Kadar D dimer plasma pada penderita sindrom koroner akut
dengan derajat stenosis berbeda. Program pasca sarjana magister Ilmu
Biomedik (Tesis). FK UNDIP. [Cited 2011 Mei 18]. Avalaible
from:http://eprints.undip.ac.id/24034/1/B_i_r_h_a_s_a_n_i.pdf
Bockenstedt P (2003). D-Dimer in venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med
;349;13:1203-4
Bont J, Hak E, Hoes AW, Macfarlane JT, Verheij TJM (2008). Predicting Death
in Elderly Patients with
Community Acquired Pneumonia: A
Prospective Validation Study Reevaluating the CRB-65 Severity
Assesment Tool. Arch Intern Med; 168: 1465-68.
Borovac DN, Pejcic T, Petkovic R, Dordevic V, Dordevic I, Stankovic I, et al
(2011). New Markers in Prognosis of Severe Community ‐ Acquired
Pneumonia. Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis; (28) 3.
Capelastegui A, Espana PP, Quintana JM, Arcitio I, Gorondo I, Egurolla M, et.al
(2006). Validation of Predictive Rule for the management of Community
Acquired Pneumonia. Eur Respir J; 27: 151-57.
Carol P, Kathryn JG. Alteration of Urinary System (2003). In:Essentials of
Pathophysiology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 411
Chalmers JD, Singanayagam A, Scally C, Hill AT (2009). Admission D-dimer
can identify low-risk patients with community acquired pneumonia.
Annals of Emergency Medicine; 53:633-8
Crain MC, Opal SM (2010). Clinical review: The role of biomarkers in the
diagnosis and management of communitya cquired pneumonia. Critical
Care, 14:203.
Dahlan Z (2000). Pandangan Baru Pneumonia Atipik dan Terapinya. Cermin
Dunia Kedokteran;128: 6.
De Frances CJ, Lucas CA, Buie VC, Golosinskiy A (2008). 2006 National
Hospital Discharge Survey. National Health Statistic Reports;5: 1-20.
Dahlan Z (2009). Pneumonia. Dalam: Sudoyo AW, Setyohadi B, Alwi I,
Simadibrata M, Setiati S (editors). Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam:
Interna Publishing; 2196-206.
38
Faranita T, Trisnawati Y, Lubis M (2011). Gangguan Koagulasi pada Sepsis. Sari
Pediatri;13(3):226-32.
Franchini M, Lippi G, Manzato F (2006). Recent acquisitions in the
pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular
coagulation. Thrombosis Journal; 4: 4-12.
Güneysel O, Pirmit S, Karakurt S (2004). Plasma d-dimer levels increase with the
severity of community acquired pneumonia. Tuberk Toraks; 52:341–7.
Kaplan V, Clermont G, Griffin MF, Kasal J, Watson RS, Linde-Zwirble WT, et.al
(2003). Pneumonia: Still the Oldman’s Friend?. Arch Intern Med; 163:
317-23.
Karalezli A, Hasanoglu HC, Kaya S, Babaoglu E, Acikgoz ZC, Kanbay A,
et.al (2009). Cut-off value of D-dimer in pulmonary thromboembolism
and pneumonia. Turk J Med Sci; 39 (5): 687-692.
Levi M, Schultz MJ, Rijneveld AW, van der Poll T (2003). Bronchoalveolar
coagulation and fibrinolysis in endotoxemia and pneumonia. Crit Care
Med;31:238-42
Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC, Hill AT, Jamieson C, Jeune IL, et.al (2009).
British Thoracic Society Guidelines For The Management of Community
Acquired Pneumonia in Adults: update 2009. Thorax; 64 (suppl II): 1-55.
Milbrandt EB, Reade MC, Lee MJ, Shook SL, Angus DC, Kong L, et al (2009).
Prevalence and Significance of Coagulation Abnormalities in
Community-acquired Pneumonia. Molecular medicine; 15(11-12): 438–
445.
Mira JP, Max A, Burgel PR (2008). The Role of Biomarker in Community
Acquired Pneumonia: Prediciting Mortality and Response to Adjunctive
Therapy. Critical Care;12(Suppl 6): 1-7.
Mandell LA, Wunderik RG, Arzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC,
et.al (2007). Infectious Diseases Society of America/ American Thoracic
Society Consensus Guidelines on The Management of Community
Acquired Pneumonia in Adults. CID; 44: 27- 72.
Mikaeilli H, Zarghami N, Yazdchi M, Mardani M, Ansarin K (2009). On
Admission Level of Serum D-Dimer and the Severity of Community
Acquired Pneumonia. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences;12 (6):
514-517.
Muller B, Harbarth S, Stolz D, Bingisser R, Mueller C, Leuppi J, et.al (2007).
Diagnostic and Prognostic Accuracy of Clinical and Laboratory
Parameters in Community Acquired Pneumonia. BMC Infectious
Diseases; 7: 1- 10.
Nayak SB, Sakhamuri MS, Raghunanan B, Allison A, Uppalapati K, Patcha K
(2010). The role of serum markers in assessing the severity and outcome
of community acquired pneumonia in Trinidadian population. Journal of
Public Health and Epidemiology: 20-24.
Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (2003). Pneumonia Komunitas, pedoman
diagnosis & penatalaksanaan di Indonesia. Jakarta: PDPI: 1-38.
Purba DB (2010). Kadar Procalcitonin Sebagai Marker dan Hubungannya
dengan Derajat keparahan Sepsis (Tesis). Departemen Ilmu Penyakit
Dalam, FK USU, Medan: 32.
39
Ribelles JMQ, Tenias JM, Grav E, Querol-Borras JM, Climent JL, Gomez E, et.al
(2004). Plasma d-dimer levels correlate with outcomes in patient with
Community Acquired Pneumonia. Chest; 126: 1087-92.
Rijneveld AW et al (2006). Local activation of the tissue factor-factor-factor VIIa
pathway in patients with pneumoniae and the effect of inhibition of this
pathway in murine pneumococcal pneumoniae. Crit Care Med. 34:1725730.
Rosner MH, Okusa MD (2009). Pathogenesis and etiology of postischemic acute
tubular necrosis. UpToDate. Available from : http:// www.uptodate.com.
Saito A, Kohno S, Matsushima T, et al (2006). Prospective multicenter study of
the causative organisms of Community-acquired pneumoniae in adults in
Japan. J Infect Chemother; 12:63-9.
Shilon Y, Shitrit AB, Rudensky B, Yinnon AM, Margalit M, Sulkes J, et al
(2003). A rapid quantitative D-dimer assay at admission correlates with
the severity of community acquired pneumonia. Blood Coagul
Fibrinolysis;14:745–8.
Shorr AF, Thomas SJ, Alkins SA, Fitzpatrick TM, Ling GS (2002). D-dimer
Correlates With Proinflammatory Cytokine Levels and Outcomes in
Critically Ill Patients. Chest;121;1262-1268.
Singanayagam A, Chalmers JD, Hill AT (2009). Severity Assesment in
Community Acquired Pneumonia: a review. QJ med; 102: 379-88.
Snijders D, Schoorl M, Schoorl M, Bartels PC,van der Werf TS, Wim G. Boersma
WG (2012). D-dimer levels in assessing severity and clinical outcome in
patients withcommunity-acquired pneumonia. A secondary analysis of a
randomised clinical trial. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 23, pp.
436–441.
Suharto (2011). Sepsis dasar patogenesis dan pemberian obat antimikroba. Dalam:
Nasronudin (editor): Penyakit infeksi di Indonesia & solusi kini
mendatang. Airlangga University Press: 419-25.
Summary Executive (2001). Pola Penyakit Penyebab Kematian di Indonesia.
Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT): 2.
Van der poll T (2008). Tissue factor as an initiator of coagulation and
inflammation in the lung. Critical Care, 12(Suppl 6):S3
Wattanathum A, Chaoprasong C, Nunthapisud P, et al (2003). Communityacquired pneumoniae in southeast Asia: the microbial differences
between ambulatory and hospitalized patients. Chest; 123:1512-9.
Widjaja AC (2010). Uji diagnostik pemeriksaan kadar D dimer plasma pada
diagnosis stroke iskemik (Tesis). Program pasca sarjana magister Ilmu
Biomedik. FK UNDIP. [Cited 2013 Mei 10]. Avalaible
from:http://eprints.undip.ac.id.
40