AN ANALYSIS OF THE FLOUTING MAXIMS IN INDONESIA LAWYERS CLUBS (ILC) TALK SHOW PROGRAM ON TV ONE (KPK VS POLRI: UJUNGNYA SAMPAI DIMANA?.

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AN ANALYSIS OF THE FLOUTING MAXIMS IN INDONESIA

LAWYERS CLUBS (ILC) TALK SHOW PROGRAM ON TV ONE

(KPK VS POLRI: UJUNGNYA SAMPAI DIMANA?)

A Thesis

Submitted to the English Applied Linguistic Study Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Magister Linguistic

By:

UMROH

Registration Number: 8136112084

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM

POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

MEDAN

2016

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ABSTRACT

Umroh, 2015. An Analysis of The Flouting Maxims In Indonesia Lawyers Clubs (ILC) Talk Show Program On TV One (KPK VS POLRI: Ujungnya sampai dimana?. A Thesis. Medan. English Applied Linguistic Study Program State University of Medan.

The study deals with the types of flouting maxims In Indonesia Lawyers Clubs (ILC) Talk Show Program On TV One (KPK VS POLRI: Ujungnya sampai dimana? based on Grice’s cooperative principle. The objectives of study are to find out the maxims which are flouted, to find out the process of dominant flouting maxims and to find out the reasons of dominant flouting maxims which are shown by the interviwees. This research is conducted by document qualitative analysis research design. The data are the utterances of some conversations which were flouted. The data source of this research was taken from ILC talkshow with the topic of “KPK VS POLRI: Ujungnya sampai dimana?” which was displayed on February 15th, 2014 that was obtained from the video on internet. The data is analyzed by using Miles and Huberman (1994) with the three phases of data analysis. i.e.(1) data reduction, (2) data display, (3) conclusion and verification. The result shows that all types of maxims are flouted by participants namely: maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relevance and maxim of manner. Besides, also found the flouting maxims of combination in ILC talk show. Flouting maxim of quantity is the highest number in ILC talk show. The total number of flouting maxim of Quantity is seventy three. The second most frequently is flouting maxim of relevance which the total number is twenty one. The third is the flouting maxim of manner. There are six flouting maxim of manner applied by them. The last is flouting maxim of quality which the total number is three . A process by which dominant maxim is flouted for the purpose of getting an implicature. The most dominant reasons usually carried out by giving detail explanation to give more information to stress and to expect something in order to make the intended meaning more clear for the listener to follow. The writer can conclude that in ILC talk show the guests mostly give more information than required to make viewers easy to understand their conversation. It can prove that flouting maxim does not always make the conversation unsuccessful, even it make the hearer getting clear information. The writer suggest the reader to comprehend the flouting maxim deeply in order that they can chose which one is appropriate and which one is not appropriate applied in their conversation.

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ABSTRAK

Umroh, 2015. Sebuah analisisa pelanggaran maksim di Indonesia Lawyers Klub (ILC) Program Talk Show di TV One (KPK VS POLRI: Ujungnya Sampai Dimana ?. Tesis. Medan. Program Studi Linguistic Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Universitas Negeri Medan

Penelitian ini menguraikan jenis- jenis pelanggaran maksim di Indonesia Lawyers Klub (ILC) Program Talk Show di TV One berdasarkan teori mengenai prinsip kerjasama yang dikemukakan oleh Grice. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prinsip-prinsip maksim yang dilanggar, untuk mengetahui proses pelanggaran maksim dan untuk mengetahui alasan pelanggaran maksim yang di ditunjukkan oleh orang yang di wawancarai. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan model penelitian dokumen analisis kualitatif. Data tersebut merupakan ucapan dari beberapa percakapan yang dilanggar. Sumber data penelitian tersebut diambil dari program TV talkshow Indonesia Lawyers Klub (ILC) di TV One pada topik "(KPK VS POLRI : Ujungnya Sampai Dimana " yang dipertunjukkan pada tanggal 15 Februari 2015 yang di peroleh dari vidio di internet. Data tersebut di analisa dengan menggunakan teoriMiles and Huberman (1994) dengan tiga tahap menganalisa data yaitu: (1) pengurangan data, (2) mempertunjukan data, (3) kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa seluruh jenis maxim dilanggar oleh orang yang diwawancarai yaitu: maksim kuantitas, maksim kualitas, maksim relevan dan maksim cara. Pelanggaran maksim kuantiti adalah jumlah yang tertinggi pada ILC talk show. Disamping itu juga di temukan jenis maxim campuran. Frekwensi yang kedua adalah pelanggaran maksim relevant yang berjumlah dua puluh satu. Yang ketiga adalah maksim cara. Ada enam pelanggaran maksim cara yang digunakan oleh mereka. Yang terakhir adalah pelanggaran maksim qualitas yang berjumlah tiga. Proses dimana pepatah dominan dilanggar untuk tujuan mendapatkan implikatur percakapan. Alasan dari terjadinya maxim bahwa pada ILC talk show para participan sebagian besar memberikan informasi yang lebih dari yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat pemirsa mudah mengerti percakapan dan mengharapkan sesuatu dari mereka. Hal ini dapat membuktikan bahwa pelanggaran maksim tidak selalu membuat percakapan tidak berhasil, bahkan membuat pendengar mendapatkan informasi yang jelas. Penulis menyarankan pembaca untuk memahami pelanggaran maksim agar mereka dapat memilih mana yang sesuai dan mana yang tidak tepat diterapkan dalam percakapan mereka.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Alhamdulillah, the greatest thank is dedicated to Allah SWT who guidance and mercy to help the writer in writing the thesis in partial fulfillment of the final academic requirement to gain master degree from English Applied Linguistic Study Program State University of Medan. The writer hopes that the Almighty Allah always blesses all of us and peace of Almighty Allah upon, the noblest messenger, Prophet Muhammad SAW.

The writer would like to express her gratitude to all those who gave her possibility to complete this thesis:

The writer would like to thank her marvelous thesis advisers, Dr.Eddy Setia, M.Ed, TESP and Dr. Siti Aisyah Ginting, M.Pd for all brilliant ideas, valuable advices, affection, patience, and precious time spent on reading, commenting, and supervising the process of writing until it comes to its present form.

The writer would like to express the profound gratitude to her examiners, Prof. Dr.Sumarsih, M.Pd, Dr. Didik Santoso, M.Pd and Prof.Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S for their detailed reviews, correcting, revising, and suggestions in her thesis.

Sincere thanks goes to Dr.Rahmad Husein, M.Ed and Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S as the head and secretary of English Applied Linguistic Study Program, as Farid as the administration staff for completing the administrative procedures.

It is with affection and appreciation that she acknowledges her indebtedness to her mother, Rasmi Riis for her affection, praying, motivation, supporting in financial and material during the preparation of this thesis.

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The writer thanks to her beloved Halmi Elidar S.Pd and her husband Fariadi S.T, her inspired sisters Halmi Risda and Rianna S.Pd, inspired brothers Rizal and Nur Bain S.Pd.

The writer thanks to all of PPMDH teachers for their affection, praying, motivation, supporting and her best friends Rafika Purba M.Hum. Khairunnisa Siregar M.Hum and LTBI B3 class who has accompanied her as long as this study in master degree program.

Finally, she is aware that nothing is perfect as well as this thesis. For that, any constructive criticism, suggestions, or comments will be highly appreciated to bring this next to perfection.

Medan, 1 Februari 2016

The writer

UMROH 8136112084

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ABSTRACT ... i

ABSTRAK ... ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS……….. iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS……… v

LIST OF TABLES ... viii

LIST OF APPENDICES ... ix

CHAFTER I. INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of the Study ... 1

1.2The Research Problems of the Study ... 6

1.3The Objectives of Study ... 6

1.4The Scope of the Study ... 7

1.5The Significance of the Study... .... 7

CHAFTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Flouting maxim ... 9

2.2 Type of flouting maxims ... 11

2.1.1 The flouting maxims of quantity ... 11

2.1.2 The flouting maxims of quality ... 12

2.1.3 The flouting maxims of relation ... 13

2.1.4 The flouting maxims of manner ... 13

2.3 Process of flouting maxims ... 14

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2.4.1 Reasons for flouting maxims of quantity ... 17

2.4.2 Reasons for flouting maxims of quality ... 18

2.4.3 Reasons for flouting maxims of relation ... 18

2.4.4 Reasons for flouting maxims of manner ... 18

2.5 Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC)... 19

2.6 Relevant Studies ... 20

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ... 25

3.2 Data and Data Source ... 25

3.3 Technique of Collection ... 26

3.4Technique of Data Analysis ... 26

3.5Trustworthiness ... 27

CHAPTER IV. DATA, DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Data Analysis ... 30

4.1.1 Types of Flouting Maxims in Indonesia Lawyers Club Talk Show Program ... 30

4.1.1.1 Flouting Maxim of Quantity ... 31

4.1.1.2 Flouting Maxim of Quality ... 40

4.1.1.3 Flouting Maxim of Relevance ... 43

4.1.1.4 Flouting Maxim of Manner ... 47

4.1.1.5 Flouting Maxim of Combination ... 49

4.1.1.5.1Flouting maxims of Quality and Quantity 50

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4.1.2 The Process of flouting Maxims in Indonesia Lawyers Club

Talk Show Program ………... 55

4.1.3 The Reasons of Flouting Maxims in Indonesia Lawyers Club Talk Show Program ... . ... 59

4.2 Findingss ... 64

4.3 Discussion ... CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1.Conclusions ... 68

5.2.Suggestions ... 69

REFERENCES ... 70

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LIST OF TABLES

Pages

TABLE 1 ……… 31

TABLE 2 ……… 32

TABLE 3 ……… 40

TABLE 4 ……… 43

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Pages

APPENDIX 1 Flouting maxim all episodes ……….. 72

APPENDIX 2 Flouting maxim of quantity ... 190

APPENDIX 3 Flouting maxim of quality ……… 232

APPENDIX 4 Flouting maxim of relevant ……… 233

APPENDIX 5 Flouting maxim of manner ………... 247

APPENDIX 6 Data Transcription of Video Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) ……………… 248

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Backround of study

Flouting a maxim is signals to the hearer that the speaker is not following the co-operative principle (Cruse 2000:360). The cooperative principle is a set of four general rules to describe how participants ‘cooperate’ in conversation to achieve smooth and efficient interaction (Levinson, 1983:101). In communication, people should apply the cooperative principle to make the conversation work effectively and run smoothly. By using a set of four general rules in speaking both of the speakers will conduct the conversation well. In addition, Grice (1975), people will have a successful conversation if they fulfill the cooperative principles that are related in the four maxims of conversation. The four maxims are maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relevance, and maxim of manner. The cooperative principle describes how effective communication in conversation is achieved in common social situations.

In fact, people sometimes flout the maxims or break the rule of conversation. In conversing, they sometimes are not informative as required (disobey maxim of quantity) can lead to ineffectiveness or convoluted conversation because excessive contribution, not truthful (disobey maxim of quality) can lead to errors due to a lack of understanding of information. Not relevant (disobey maxim of relation ) can cause communication failures in the conversation because there is no conversation between the narrator and the interconnectedness of partner, and not brief or ambiguous (disobey maxim of

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manner) can lead to misunderstandings because of the ambiguity of the meaning of the context of the conversation.

The examples of flouting maxim: Rachel: Wow! How are you?!

Ross: Good-good, I’m-I’m married. (Shows her his ring).

From the dialogue above, we can see that Ross’ response in Rachel’s question appears to flout the maxim of quantity. He gives superfluous information to Rachel’s question. He should just answer the question by saying, “Good-good, I’m fine”. However, he flouts the maxim of Quantity by giving addition information, which has no relation with the question. Then it seems that he flouts the maxim of Relevance as well. The answer “I’m- I’m married” appears having no relation with the question “How are you?”. However, Ross states that information in order to show off his marriage to Rachel. The reason for his utterance is that Rachel knows that he ever loved her in the past and she rejected him. Therefore, he gives that information. If all of the maxims are being observed, there will be no additional set of meaning added to the conversation.

Dealing with the floating of Grice’s maxims, Nailufah (2008) conducted research entitled “Floating Maxims on Grice’s Maxims in the Drama of the Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller”. This study focuses on how the maxim of quantity, quality, relevance, and manner floated in the drama of “the Death of a Salesman” and this study used qualitative method.The research findings on this study show that all the four floated can be found in the drama. The utterance floats the maxim of quantity when it is too long, the maxim of quality when it is absurd, the maxim of relevance when it is unrelated topic, and the maxim of manner when it disorders the utterance. In addition, another similar study has been conducted by

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Sarah Rosalina Burhan in 2009 researched about flouting maxims in the main characters of UP! animated movie. The researcher used qualitative research .The results of this study found that there were 47 dialogues containing flouting maxims in UP! Animated movie. That consists of four kinds flouting maxims, namely flouting maxim of quality, flouting maxim of quantity, flouting maxim of manner, and flouting maxim of relevant. The purposes of flouting the maxims were to make the main characters are comfortable in the conversation, to avoid other questions, to show pleasure or anger, and to show their knowledge on something in this conversation.

The phenomenon of the flouting maxims occurs in Indonesia lawyers Club talkshow program (ILC). This kind of program ofcourse contains a lot of flouting maxims in communicating information. Sometimes both the speaker and the hearer are uncooperative in conversation. This is due to the many flouting of the maxim in the conversation. The guests often flout the maxim by giving more or less information, hiding something, giving not relevant answer, and giving ambiguous statement. so that there is misunderstanding in interpreting the meaning and information conveyed by the speakers cannot be received by listeners well. So as to cause a fuss and fights between them.

Here are the parts of the utterances of floating maxim has taken from ILC talkshow program on TV One which are shown by the interviwees.

1. KI: Anda dikasi proyek?

SS: Jadi gini pak, makanya saya bilang tadi bahwa kasus ini sebenarnya cukup menarik, kenapa? Kerna kita ada beberapa orang ini saksi juga ada saya bawa di sini yang di MK, yang saya cari juga ada 3 orang di sini… In the first conversation above, SS flouted the Maxim of Relation. The answer he gave is irrelevant to the surrounding conversation. He should have

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answered the question by saying” Yes or No. The answer “Jadi gini pak, makanya saya bilang tadi bahwa kasus ini sebenarnya cukup menarik, kenapa? Kerna kita ada beberapa orang ini saksi juga ada saya bawa di sini yang di MK, yang saya cari juga ada 3 orang di sini...” appeared having no relation with the question “KI: Anda dikasi proyek?”. SS was giving an explanation that seemed to be irrelevant to what KI had said.

2. KI: Arahannya dari mana kalau begitu, kalau bukan dari

KABARESKRIM atau KAPOLRI, kan anggota di lapangan dapat arahan, dari mana arahannya?

IR: Kalau misalnya kita masuk kepada proses penangkapan pak Karni, berartikan kita melihat proses penangkapan ini di kaji secara hukum pidana. kalau misalnya pihak tersangka komplin masyarakat juga komplin. Mari kita dorong pihak tersangka ini melakukan praperadilan sehingga kita mengkajinya itu bet.ul – betul dalam forum yang benar ya kan pak ...

In the second conversation above, IR flouted the Maxim of Relation. The answer he gave is irrelevant to the surrounding conversation. He should have answered the question by saying” arahannya dari KABARESKRIM atau KAPOLRI. The answer “Kalau misalnya kita masuk kepada proses penangkapan pak Karni, ...” appeared having no relation with the question “Arahannya dari mana kalau begitu, kalau bukan dari KABARESKRIM atau KAPOLRI, kan anggota di lapangan dapat arahan, dari mana arahannya?”. IR was giving an explanation that seemed to be irrelevant to what KI had said.

The researcher would like to find out the maxims which are flouted in ILC talkshow which are shown by the interviewees, to find out which is dominantly flouted in ILC talkshow which are shown by the interviewees and find out the reasons of the dominant type of flouting maxims in ILC talkshow which are shown by the interviewees. It is important to analyze the flouting maxim since

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ILC is one of the popular news talk show programs on private television station TV One . Facts show that the ILC is a favorite television program that awarded panasonic AWARD in 2013 in the category of Talkshow and News and Information Program (http://life.viva.co.id/news/read/401390-indonesia-lawyers-club-sabet-npenghargaan-bergengsi-panasonic) and ILC also has many fans in facebook social network about sixty nine thousands and four hundred people (https://id-id.facebook.com/IndonesiaLawyersClubtvOne). ILC as one of the best talk shows in Indonesia and witnessed by the community should reflect the culture of Indonesia. The participants should be polite and respectable in accordance with the educational background of ILC participants. The participants presented are not only the lawyers but also the source of information related to the topic like, and etc showed. They proposed their arguments through their utterances. This debate forum became one of the means to explain this problem to the general public. In these formulations are the guest stars would have to speak with the good and straight forward. What language context in accordance with the current state of society is certainly very calculated. The classification of context is very helpful in interpreting the meaning of the language of the guests, and pragmatic knowledge is needed to understand the meaning of this political language.

In response to the issues above, I am interested in analyzing the floating maxims in ILC talkshow program on TV One. Thus, I would like to conduct a study entitled “An Analysis on Flouting Maxim in Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) talkshow program on TV One ”. This paper is aimed at examining Grice’s Cooperative Principle and through flouting maxims found in ILC talkshow program on TV One.

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1.2 The Research Problems of the Study

In accordance with the background of the study, the problems of the study are formulated as follows:

1) What maxims are flouted in Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) talkshow program on TV One which are shown by the interviewees?

2) How are the dominant maxims flouted in Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) talkshow program on TV One which are shown by the interviewees? 3) Why are the dominant maxims flouted in Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC)

talkshow program on TV One which are shown by the interviewees? 1.3 The Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the study are described as follows:

1) To find out the maxims which are flouted in Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) talkshow program on TV One which are shown by the interviewees 2) To find out the process of the dominant maxims which are flouted in

Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) talkshow program on TV One which are shown by the interviewees.

3) To find out the reasons of the dominant maxims in Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) talkshow program on TV One which are shown by the interviewees

1.4The Scope of the Study

This study will be conducted to find out the maxims which are flouted in ILC talkshow program. The researcher is to find out which of the four maxims,

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maxims of quality, maxims of quantity, maxims of relevance, and maxims of manner, are flouted in ILC talkshow program. In the ILC talk show discussing many issues of political issues, social in Indonesia such as law, human rights and and etc. Thus, the study is limited only in observing flouting maxims on the utterences with the topic of on ILC talkshow “KPK VS KAPOLRI: ujungnya sampai dimana?” program on TV One which are shown by the interviewees. 1.5The Significance of the Study

The findings of this study have two general significances, theoretical and practical significances.

Theoretically, the results of this study are useful for:

1. The enrichment of knowledge for the university students who are interested in pragmatics especially in floating maxims.

2. Development studies on cooperative principle about floating maxims which is known as conversational maxims.

Practically, the results of this study are useful for:

1. As a reference for the university students who are interested in studying pragmatics and interested in conducting any further studies in floating maxims.

2. For speakers and listeners in daily conversation. By obeying conversational maxims, they have an effective cooperation in communication. Then, they can create good understanding in daily communication.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions

Based on what the researcher has written and scrutinized in the previous chapter, she discovers that a maxim is flouted for getting a conversational implicature. Therefore, it is important to know flouting maxim, especially in conversation. Due to the important of understanding, flouting maxim of the research upon the Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) has been done and the following can conclude the result.

1. It was found that four types of flouting maxim (maxim of quantity, quality, relevance and manner occurred in all parts of Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) talkshow program on TV One. The maxim of quantity is the most dominant used in the conversation. Besides, also found the flouting maxims of combination.

2. The prosess of using the flouting maxim in Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) talkshow program on TV One is by using implication to show the happens in the conversation under certain situations, to give the information of the opinions and arguments in detail, the speaker desires the greatest understanding in his/her recipient because it is expected that the interlocutor is able to uncover the hidden meaning behind the utterances. 3. There are two reasons for flouting the maxim: a) to explain more about

something; usually someone tries to explain about something by giving much information and expecting that the hearer will understand more about the topic and b) to expect something; Sometimes people act and say

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more words to show something. They use this condition in order to expect something from other person.

5.2Suggestions

Having seen the result of the study, the researcher would like to offer the suggestions as follows:

1. It is advisable for readers to understand the cooperative principle with its maxims, especially the four types of flouting maxim on Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) talkshow program on TV one in order to avoid misunderstaning among the participants and to get the speaker`s intention through his utterances on the conversation.

2. It is expected to the teachers and students to pay attention to the dominant type of flouting maxim on Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) program. It is due to the dominant type of flouting found here (maxim of quantity) is necessarily to be applied by the teachers in the classroom in order to give more and detail information to their students.

3. It is suggested to other researchers and the students of English Applied Linguistics, who are taking pragmatics, start to analyzing and conducting further research in order to get other reasons of the dominant type of flouting maxims from other topics and parts on Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) program.

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maxims of quality, maxims of quantity, maxims of relevance, and maxims of manner, are flouted in ILC talkshow program. In the ILC talk show discussing many issues of political issues, social in Indonesia such as law, human rights and and etc. Thus, the study is limited only in observing flouting maxims on the utterences with the topic of on ILC talkshow “KPK VS KAPOLRI: ujungnya sampai dimana?” program on TV One which are shown by the interviewees.

1.5The Significance of the Study