CODE MIXING OF JURY AND MASTER OF CEREMONY OF INDONESIAN IDOL.
CODE MIXING OF JURY AND MASTER OF CEREMONY OF
INDONESIAN IDOL
A THESIS
Submitted to Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of
Sarjana Sastra
By:
SISNA ASTUTI BR SITEPU
Reg. Number: 209220047
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2013
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The greatest thanks to the Almighty God for granting countless blessing,
mercy, and guidance in giving the writer full strength to complete this thesis. This
thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain the S1 degree of Sarjana
Sastra at English Department in Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University
of Medan.
In completing this thesis, the writer has received a lot of assistance and
academic support from some people. Therefore, the writer would like to express
her sincere gratitude, love and special thanks to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., as the Rector of State University
of Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts for her leadership and administrative assistance during the process of
writing this thesis.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., as the Head of English Department, Rika
S.Pd., M.Hum., as Secretary of English Department, Dra. Meisuri, M.A.,
as the Head of English Literature Department and Dra. Masitowarni,
M.Ed., as the Head of English Education Department.
Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S., her thesis adviser, for the advice, guidance,
constructive comment, valuable knowledge, and precious time she spent in
correcting and supervising the draft of writing during the completion of
this thesis. And also thanks to Drs. Elia Masa Gintings, M.Hum., her
academic adviser, and all beloved lecturers in English and Literature
Department who advised and guided the writer during academic years.
Prof. Dr. Berlin Sibarani, M.Pd., Prof. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd., Dra.
Sri Juriati Ownie, M.A., for the valuable advice and suggestion as the
reviewers at Seminar Proposal and Sidang Meja Hijau.
Her beloved parents; her father, Alexander Sitepu and her mother, Odesi
Taman Lita br Tarigan for the pray, love, moral support, and financial
support. And also thanks for the love and support from her dearest brothers
ii
Ade Clinton and Handy Sonflow; dearest sister, Henny Marsella and
beloved uncle Chandra Arikho Bangun.
Her friends, a special partnership of all this hard and leisure times,
kedanth Conny, Anti, nande disthopia Wanti, Nurul, Sefty, Hanna,
Icon, and her beloved Applied Linguistics A and B Reg’09, Abadi 1C
and Semangat Family that could not be mentioned one by one. Thanks for
their support, info, encouragement, and beautiful day spent together.
Maam Endah and Maam Euis, for helping the writer in preparing the
files for the purposes of this thesis.
Without their deep and sympathetic understanding, this thesis could not
complete. Over all, the writer hopes this thesis can give a bit contribution to the
Applied Linguistics. Therefore, comments, critics, suggestions, and advices are
expected from the readers.
Medan, July 2013
The writer,
Sisna Astuti br Sitepu
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF APPENDICES
i
ii
iv
vi
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
B. The Problem of the Study
C. The Scope of the Study
D. The Objective of the Study
E. The Significance of the Study
1
4
5
5
5
CHAPTER II . REVIEW LITERATURE
A. Sociolinguistics
B. Bilingualism
C. Code Mixing
D. Types of Code Mixing
1. Insertion
2. Alternation
3. Congruent Lexicalization
E. Language Mixing by Syntactic Category
1. Simple Mixes
a. Verbs
b. Nouns
c. Adjectives
d. Pronouns
e. Adverbs
f. Closed-Class Words
1) Conjunction
2) Article
3) Demonstrative
4) Preposition
F. Television Programs and Reality Show
1. Indonesian Idol
G. Relevance Studies
7
8
10
13
14
14
15
16
17
17
18
19
19
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
23
26
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design
B. Data Resources
C. Technique of Collecting Data
D. Technique of Analyzing Data
29
29
29
30
iv
CHAPTER IV. DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS
A. Data
B. Data Analysis
C. Research Findings
D. Discussions
31
31
35
37
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
B. Suggestions
39
40
REFERENCES
41
APPENDICES
v
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1
Indonesian Idol Show Script
43
APPENDIX 2
Table of Indonesian Idol Show Script Analysis
63
APPENDIX 3a The Table of The Total Number And Percentages
of Types of Code Mixing
81
APPENDIX 3B The Table of The Total Number And Percentages of
Syntactic Categories; Simple Mixes of Code
Mixing
82
vi
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
Based on the data analysis, the conclusions were stayed as the following:
1. There are three types of code mixing used in Indonesian Idol by the jury
and the master of ceremony; it consists of 100 (75.19%) insertions, 29
(21.80%) alternations, and 4 (3.01%) congruent lexicalizations. Therefore,
there are 133 patterns which are included type of code mixing used by the
jury and the master of ceremony of Indonesian Idol.
2. There are also nine syntactic categories of language mixing used in
Indonesian Idol by the jury and the master of ceremony; it consists of 61
(20.82%) verbs, 68 (23.21%) nouns, 52 (17.75%) adjectives, 46 (15.70%)
pronouns, 42 (14.33%) adverbs, 1 (0.34%) demonstrative, 6 (2.05%)
articles, 11 (3.75%) prepositions, and 6 (2.05%) conjunctions. Therefore,
there are 293 patterns which are included syntactic categories of language
mixing used by the jury and the master of ceremony of Indonesian Idol.
3. The type of code mixing which is frequently used is insertion (75.19%).
The dominant type is insertion because they just insert the code mixing
into the structure of the sentence of their sentence in Indonesian Idol. It is
because not all Indonesian society knows English well, while the
Indonesian Idol is allocated to whole society in Indonesia. And the
syntactic category which is frequently used is noun (23.21%).
39
40
B. Suggestions
Related to the findings, the suggestions were formulated as the following:
1. The students who are interested in expanding their knowledge about code
mixing in other setting of communications.
2. It is also expected that the Indonesian society will be inspired to make a
difference in the present in order to use Indonesian effectively.
REFERENCES
Akmajian, Adrian, et al. 2001. Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and
Communication. MIT
Beardsmore, Hugo Baetens. 1982. Bilingualisme: Basic Principles. Brusel:Vrije
Universiteit.
Bhatia, T.K., & Ritchie, W.C. 2004. Social and Psychological Factors in
Language Mixing. In W.C. Ritchie and T.K. Bhatia (eds.), Handbook of
Bilingualism (pp.336-352). Blackwell Publishing
Bloomfield, L. 1999. Outline Guide for the Practical Study of Foreign Language.
Baltimore: Linguistic Society of America
Chaer, Abdul. and Agustina, Leonie. 1995. Sosiolinguistik: Perkenalan Awal.
Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Chaer, Abdul, dan Agustina, Leonie. Juni 2004. Sosiolinguistik: Perkenalan Awal
(edisi revisi). Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
E, Thomas, Allyn, Bacon. 1995. The Structure of English. Murray
Gumilang, Risa Dhani. 2011. The Code Mixing in a Little White Lie Novel.
Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.
Hall, Prentice. 2001. Principle of Persuasion. New Jersey
Hamers, Josiane F. & Blanc. 2000. Bilinguality and Bilingualism. Cambridge:
Cambridge University.
Holmes, Janet. 2001 2nd edn. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. London:
Longman.
Kim, Eunhee. 2006. Reason and Motivations for Code-Mixing and CodeSwitching. Issues in EFL, 4 (1) 43-61
Leedy, P.D. 1980. Practical Research. New York: Macmillan.
Marshall, Jill & Werndly, Angela. 2002. The Language of Television. London and
New York: Routledge.
Maulidini, Ratna. 2007. Campur Kode Sebagai Strategi Komunikasi Customer Service
(Studi Kasus Nokia Care Centre Bimasakti Semarang) Semarang: Universitas
Diponogoro
41
42
McCall, L..”The Complexity of Intersectionality.”Signs: Journal of Women, Culture and Society
30, No.3 (2005):m1771-1800
Muysken, P. 2000. Bilingual Speech: A Typology of Code Mixing. Cambridge:
Cambridge University.
Nababan, P.W.J. 1993. Sosiolinguistik Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: Gramedia
Pustaka Umum.
N, Maria Friska. 2008. An Analysis of Code-Mixing in “Jakarta Undercover
Novel”. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.
Permana, Anggera Krista. 2012. An Analysis of Code Switching and Code Mixing
Spoken by Sociality Women n “Arisan Brongdong” Movie. Salatiga: Satya
Wacana Christian University.
Sinaga, Boni Fansius. 2011. Code Mixing in Kick Andy’s Talk Show. Medan:
Universitas Negeri Medan.
Siregar, Bahren Umar. 1996. Code Alternation in
Behavior.Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara Press
Bilingual
Speech
Sitio, Yusa Dwita. 2011. Code Mixing in Belajar Bahasa Indonesia Program of
Trans TV. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.
Stockwell, Peter. 2002. Sociolinguistics: A resource Book for Students. Oxford:
Blackwell
The Author. Journal compilation C _ 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Umar, Azhar and Delvi Napitupulu. 1994. Sosiolinguistik Dan Psikolinguistik : Suatu
Pengantar. Medan : Pustaka Widyasarana
Wardaugh, R. 2002. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. New York: Mouton
Publisher
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_program/ June,05th 2013/11.04 a.m
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_reality_television_programs/ June,05th
2013/11.25 a.m
http://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/closedclassterm.htm/April,17th 2013/01.01 p.m
http://wirmanvalkinz.blogspot.com/2012/12/kumpulan-skripsi-bahasainggris_html/April, 17th 2013/12:05 p.m.
INDONESIAN IDOL
A THESIS
Submitted to Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of
Sarjana Sastra
By:
SISNA ASTUTI BR SITEPU
Reg. Number: 209220047
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2013
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The greatest thanks to the Almighty God for granting countless blessing,
mercy, and guidance in giving the writer full strength to complete this thesis. This
thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain the S1 degree of Sarjana
Sastra at English Department in Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University
of Medan.
In completing this thesis, the writer has received a lot of assistance and
academic support from some people. Therefore, the writer would like to express
her sincere gratitude, love and special thanks to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., as the Rector of State University
of Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts for her leadership and administrative assistance during the process of
writing this thesis.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., as the Head of English Department, Rika
S.Pd., M.Hum., as Secretary of English Department, Dra. Meisuri, M.A.,
as the Head of English Literature Department and Dra. Masitowarni,
M.Ed., as the Head of English Education Department.
Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S., her thesis adviser, for the advice, guidance,
constructive comment, valuable knowledge, and precious time she spent in
correcting and supervising the draft of writing during the completion of
this thesis. And also thanks to Drs. Elia Masa Gintings, M.Hum., her
academic adviser, and all beloved lecturers in English and Literature
Department who advised and guided the writer during academic years.
Prof. Dr. Berlin Sibarani, M.Pd., Prof. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd., Dra.
Sri Juriati Ownie, M.A., for the valuable advice and suggestion as the
reviewers at Seminar Proposal and Sidang Meja Hijau.
Her beloved parents; her father, Alexander Sitepu and her mother, Odesi
Taman Lita br Tarigan for the pray, love, moral support, and financial
support. And also thanks for the love and support from her dearest brothers
ii
Ade Clinton and Handy Sonflow; dearest sister, Henny Marsella and
beloved uncle Chandra Arikho Bangun.
Her friends, a special partnership of all this hard and leisure times,
kedanth Conny, Anti, nande disthopia Wanti, Nurul, Sefty, Hanna,
Icon, and her beloved Applied Linguistics A and B Reg’09, Abadi 1C
and Semangat Family that could not be mentioned one by one. Thanks for
their support, info, encouragement, and beautiful day spent together.
Maam Endah and Maam Euis, for helping the writer in preparing the
files for the purposes of this thesis.
Without their deep and sympathetic understanding, this thesis could not
complete. Over all, the writer hopes this thesis can give a bit contribution to the
Applied Linguistics. Therefore, comments, critics, suggestions, and advices are
expected from the readers.
Medan, July 2013
The writer,
Sisna Astuti br Sitepu
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF APPENDICES
i
ii
iv
vi
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
B. The Problem of the Study
C. The Scope of the Study
D. The Objective of the Study
E. The Significance of the Study
1
4
5
5
5
CHAPTER II . REVIEW LITERATURE
A. Sociolinguistics
B. Bilingualism
C. Code Mixing
D. Types of Code Mixing
1. Insertion
2. Alternation
3. Congruent Lexicalization
E. Language Mixing by Syntactic Category
1. Simple Mixes
a. Verbs
b. Nouns
c. Adjectives
d. Pronouns
e. Adverbs
f. Closed-Class Words
1) Conjunction
2) Article
3) Demonstrative
4) Preposition
F. Television Programs and Reality Show
1. Indonesian Idol
G. Relevance Studies
7
8
10
13
14
14
15
16
17
17
18
19
19
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
23
26
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design
B. Data Resources
C. Technique of Collecting Data
D. Technique of Analyzing Data
29
29
29
30
iv
CHAPTER IV. DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS
A. Data
B. Data Analysis
C. Research Findings
D. Discussions
31
31
35
37
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
B. Suggestions
39
40
REFERENCES
41
APPENDICES
v
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1
Indonesian Idol Show Script
43
APPENDIX 2
Table of Indonesian Idol Show Script Analysis
63
APPENDIX 3a The Table of The Total Number And Percentages
of Types of Code Mixing
81
APPENDIX 3B The Table of The Total Number And Percentages of
Syntactic Categories; Simple Mixes of Code
Mixing
82
vi
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
Based on the data analysis, the conclusions were stayed as the following:
1. There are three types of code mixing used in Indonesian Idol by the jury
and the master of ceremony; it consists of 100 (75.19%) insertions, 29
(21.80%) alternations, and 4 (3.01%) congruent lexicalizations. Therefore,
there are 133 patterns which are included type of code mixing used by the
jury and the master of ceremony of Indonesian Idol.
2. There are also nine syntactic categories of language mixing used in
Indonesian Idol by the jury and the master of ceremony; it consists of 61
(20.82%) verbs, 68 (23.21%) nouns, 52 (17.75%) adjectives, 46 (15.70%)
pronouns, 42 (14.33%) adverbs, 1 (0.34%) demonstrative, 6 (2.05%)
articles, 11 (3.75%) prepositions, and 6 (2.05%) conjunctions. Therefore,
there are 293 patterns which are included syntactic categories of language
mixing used by the jury and the master of ceremony of Indonesian Idol.
3. The type of code mixing which is frequently used is insertion (75.19%).
The dominant type is insertion because they just insert the code mixing
into the structure of the sentence of their sentence in Indonesian Idol. It is
because not all Indonesian society knows English well, while the
Indonesian Idol is allocated to whole society in Indonesia. And the
syntactic category which is frequently used is noun (23.21%).
39
40
B. Suggestions
Related to the findings, the suggestions were formulated as the following:
1. The students who are interested in expanding their knowledge about code
mixing in other setting of communications.
2. It is also expected that the Indonesian society will be inspired to make a
difference in the present in order to use Indonesian effectively.
REFERENCES
Akmajian, Adrian, et al. 2001. Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and
Communication. MIT
Beardsmore, Hugo Baetens. 1982. Bilingualisme: Basic Principles. Brusel:Vrije
Universiteit.
Bhatia, T.K., & Ritchie, W.C. 2004. Social and Psychological Factors in
Language Mixing. In W.C. Ritchie and T.K. Bhatia (eds.), Handbook of
Bilingualism (pp.336-352). Blackwell Publishing
Bloomfield, L. 1999. Outline Guide for the Practical Study of Foreign Language.
Baltimore: Linguistic Society of America
Chaer, Abdul. and Agustina, Leonie. 1995. Sosiolinguistik: Perkenalan Awal.
Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Chaer, Abdul, dan Agustina, Leonie. Juni 2004. Sosiolinguistik: Perkenalan Awal
(edisi revisi). Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
E, Thomas, Allyn, Bacon. 1995. The Structure of English. Murray
Gumilang, Risa Dhani. 2011. The Code Mixing in a Little White Lie Novel.
Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.
Hall, Prentice. 2001. Principle of Persuasion. New Jersey
Hamers, Josiane F. & Blanc. 2000. Bilinguality and Bilingualism. Cambridge:
Cambridge University.
Holmes, Janet. 2001 2nd edn. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. London:
Longman.
Kim, Eunhee. 2006. Reason and Motivations for Code-Mixing and CodeSwitching. Issues in EFL, 4 (1) 43-61
Leedy, P.D. 1980. Practical Research. New York: Macmillan.
Marshall, Jill & Werndly, Angela. 2002. The Language of Television. London and
New York: Routledge.
Maulidini, Ratna. 2007. Campur Kode Sebagai Strategi Komunikasi Customer Service
(Studi Kasus Nokia Care Centre Bimasakti Semarang) Semarang: Universitas
Diponogoro
41
42
McCall, L..”The Complexity of Intersectionality.”Signs: Journal of Women, Culture and Society
30, No.3 (2005):m1771-1800
Muysken, P. 2000. Bilingual Speech: A Typology of Code Mixing. Cambridge:
Cambridge University.
Nababan, P.W.J. 1993. Sosiolinguistik Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: Gramedia
Pustaka Umum.
N, Maria Friska. 2008. An Analysis of Code-Mixing in “Jakarta Undercover
Novel”. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.
Permana, Anggera Krista. 2012. An Analysis of Code Switching and Code Mixing
Spoken by Sociality Women n “Arisan Brongdong” Movie. Salatiga: Satya
Wacana Christian University.
Sinaga, Boni Fansius. 2011. Code Mixing in Kick Andy’s Talk Show. Medan:
Universitas Negeri Medan.
Siregar, Bahren Umar. 1996. Code Alternation in
Behavior.Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara Press
Bilingual
Speech
Sitio, Yusa Dwita. 2011. Code Mixing in Belajar Bahasa Indonesia Program of
Trans TV. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan.
Stockwell, Peter. 2002. Sociolinguistics: A resource Book for Students. Oxford:
Blackwell
The Author. Journal compilation C _ 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Umar, Azhar and Delvi Napitupulu. 1994. Sosiolinguistik Dan Psikolinguistik : Suatu
Pengantar. Medan : Pustaka Widyasarana
Wardaugh, R. 2002. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. New York: Mouton
Publisher
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_program/ June,05th 2013/11.04 a.m
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_reality_television_programs/ June,05th
2013/11.25 a.m
http://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/closedclassterm.htm/April,17th 2013/01.01 p.m
http://wirmanvalkinz.blogspot.com/2012/12/kumpulan-skripsi-bahasainggris_html/April, 17th 2013/12:05 p.m.