Pembuatan Nanosilikon Dari Pasir Alam Secara Magnesiotermik Dengan Penambahan Kalium Klorida
57
Daftar Pustaka
Barsoum, M. W. 1997. Fundamentals of Ceramics. McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.
New York
Bao,Z., Weatherspoon, M. R., Shian, S., Cail, Ye, Graham, P. D., Allan, S. M.,
Ahmad, G., Dickerson, M. B., Church, B. C., Kang, Z., Abernathy, H. W.,
Summers, C. J., Liu, M., and Sandhage, K. H. 2007. Chemical Reduction
of Three-Dimensional Silica Micro-assemblies into Microporous Silicon
Replicas. Nature, 446/8 (2007) 172-175.
Bendersky, L.A. Gayle., Frank W. 2001. Electron Diffraction Using Transmission
Electron Microscopy. Gaithersburg: National Institute of Standards and
Technology.
Bragg,L.1955.The Crystalline state. London: G.Bell&Sons Ltd.
Burgess, J. 1978. Metal Ion in Solution. New York: Ellis Horwood. ISBN 085312-027-7
Cho, J. 2010. Porous Si anode materials for lithium rechargeable batteries. J Mater
Chem. 4009–4014.
Chung, F.H. 1973. A New X- Ray Difraction Method for Quantitative
Multicomponent Analysis. New York: Bish Post.
Cotton,F.A. 1989. Kimia Anorganik Dasar. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas
Indonesia. 311,317.
Cullity, B.D. 1967. Elements of X-Ray Diffraction. USA: Addison – Wesley.
Das, K., Bandyopadhyay, T. K., and Das, S. 2002. A Riview on The Various
Synthesis Routes of TiC Reinforced Ferrous Based Composites. J. Of Mat.
Sci., 37 (2002) 3881-3892.
Delley,B.,Steigmeier,E.F. 1993. Quantum confinement in Si nanocrystals.
Phys.Rev.B. 47, 1397.
Elizabeth R.2006. Potassium and Potassium Alloys. Ullman’s Encyclopedia of
Industrial Chemistry.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
58
Gray, Theodore. 2009. The Elements: A visual Exploration of Every Known
Atom in the Universe. Black Dog and Leventhal Publishers. Page 43.
ISBN 978-1-57912-814-2.
Greenwood, N.N, and A.Eartneshew,. 1997. Chmistry Of Elements. Second
Edition. Reed Educational and Profesional Publishing Ltd. Britian
Gustiono, D., Suratman, Nuryadi, R., Deni, Y., Roseno, S., Ulfa, I. M. 2012.
Pembuatan Prototipe Polycrystalline Silicon Untuk Bahan Baku Industri
Sel Surya. MT-7. Prosiding InSINas 2012.
Sigmaaldrich.com/Graphics/COfAInfo/SigmaSAPQM/SPEC/63/633097/633097
Iler, R.K. 1979. Silica Gels and Powders. New York : The Chemistry of Silica.
Iler, R.K.2007.Silicon Dioxide (serial online). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/silicon.
(10 oktober 2016)
Kalem, T. 2004. Gas-Solid Displacement Reactions for Converting Silica Diatom
Frustales into MgO dan TiO2. Lowa state University (Master’s Thesis),
USA (2004).
Kanellopoulus, N., 2011. Nanoporous Material: Advanced Techniques For
Characterization, Modeling and Procesing. CRC Press Taylor & Frances
Group. New York.
Kirk, R.E. dan Othmer, D.F. 1967. Encyclopedia of Chemical Engineering
Technology. New York : John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Krebs, Robert E. 2006. The History and Use Of Our Earth Chemical Elements : A
Reference Guid. Greenwood Press. United States Of America
Kumar, M. 2012. Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Silicon and Titanium
Nitride powder using atmospheric mirowave plasma technique. India:
Institute of Science.
Langford.1978.Scherrer after Sixty Years: A Survey and Some New Results in
Determination of Crystallite Size.USA.
Liang,J.2014.Hydrothermal Shynthesis of Nano – Silicon from silica sol and its
lithium ion batteries Property. China: Tsinghua University Press.
Luo, W. 2013. Efficient Fabrication of Nanoporous Si and Si/Ge Enabled by a
Heat Scavenger in Magnesiothermic Reactions.USA:Oregon
Universitas Sumatera Utara
59
Makarim, A. K. ,Suhartatik,E., dan Kartohardjono,A. 2001. Silikon:Hara Penting
Pada Sistem Produksi Padi.
McColm, I. J. 1983. Ceramic Science for Material Technologists. Leonard Hill.
New York
Miroslav,K. 2001. Lattice Imaging In Transmission Electron Microscopy. Czech:
Department of Materials, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical
Engineering.
Mishra P., Chakraverty A. and Banerjee H.D. 1985. Production and purification of
silicon by calcium reduction of rice-husk white ash. Journal of Materials
Science.
Morris, M.C.1976.Standar X-Ray Diffraction Powders Patterns.Washington
DC:US Goverment Printing Office. 35, 180
Norton, F. H. 1974. Elements of Ceramics. Second Edition. Addison-Wesley
Publishing Company. London
O’Mara, William C. 1990. Handbook of Semiconductor Silicon Technology.
William Andrew Inc. Pages 349-352. ISBN 0-8155-1237-6.
Potassium Fertilizers (Penn State Agronomy Guide) diakses 12 Desember 2010
Rouque-Malherbe, R.M.A. 2007. Adsorption and Diffussion in Nanoporous
Material. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group.
Sadique,S.E.,2010. Production and Purification of Silicon by Magnesiothermic
Reduction of Silica Fume. Toronto: University of Toronto. 65 – 80
Siswanto, Hamzah, M., Mahendra A., Fausiah. 2012. Perekayasaan Nanosilika
Berbahan Baku Silika Lokal Sebagai Filler Komponen Karet Rubber Air
Bag Peluncur Kapal dari Galangan. TR-56. Prosiding InSINas 2012
Sitorus,S.M. 2014. Peningkatan Kemurnian Silikon dari Pasir Kuarsa secara
magnesiotermik Dengan Variasi Waktu. Medan: USU.
Sudirham, S. dan Utari, N. 2010. Mengenal Sifat-sifat Material (1). Darpublic.
Bandung.
Suwandy. 2015. Pembuatan Nanosilikon dari Pasir Alam Kecamatan Tanjung
Tiram Kabupaten Asahan Secara Magnesiotermik dengan Penambahan
Natrium Klorida Sebagai Penyerap Kalor. Medan : USU.
Steven, S. 2009. Chemical principle 6 th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
60
Vogel. 1985. Analisis Anorganik Kualitatif Makro dan Semimikro. Jakarta : PT.
Kalman Media Pusaka
Wang, D., and Shi, S. 2002. Aluminothermic Reduction of Silica for The
Synthesis Alumina-Alumina-Silicon Composite. J. Of Mat. Syn. And
Proc., 9/5 (2002) 241-246
Wardiyati,S. 2004. Pemanfaatan Ultrasonik Dalam Bidang Kimia. Serpong:
Puslitbang Iptek Bahan
Warren,B.E. 1969. X-Ray Diffraction.Addison-Wesley: USA.
Wynnyckuj J.R. and Rao D.B. 1976. The mechanism of reduction of silica by
magnesium vapour . 203-217.
Zulumyam, N. H., Ishakyan, A. R., Hovhannisyan, Z. H., and Torosyan, A. R.
2006. The Influence of Mechanical Activation on The Process of Thermal
Reduction of Silica by Magnesium Powder. Magnesium Technology 2 Eds
: A. A. Luo A. A., N. R. Neelameggham N. R., and R. S. Beals R The
Minerals, Metal & Material Society (TMS) (2006) 351-354.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Daftar Pustaka
Barsoum, M. W. 1997. Fundamentals of Ceramics. McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.
New York
Bao,Z., Weatherspoon, M. R., Shian, S., Cail, Ye, Graham, P. D., Allan, S. M.,
Ahmad, G., Dickerson, M. B., Church, B. C., Kang, Z., Abernathy, H. W.,
Summers, C. J., Liu, M., and Sandhage, K. H. 2007. Chemical Reduction
of Three-Dimensional Silica Micro-assemblies into Microporous Silicon
Replicas. Nature, 446/8 (2007) 172-175.
Bendersky, L.A. Gayle., Frank W. 2001. Electron Diffraction Using Transmission
Electron Microscopy. Gaithersburg: National Institute of Standards and
Technology.
Bragg,L.1955.The Crystalline state. London: G.Bell&Sons Ltd.
Burgess, J. 1978. Metal Ion in Solution. New York: Ellis Horwood. ISBN 085312-027-7
Cho, J. 2010. Porous Si anode materials for lithium rechargeable batteries. J Mater
Chem. 4009–4014.
Chung, F.H. 1973. A New X- Ray Difraction Method for Quantitative
Multicomponent Analysis. New York: Bish Post.
Cotton,F.A. 1989. Kimia Anorganik Dasar. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas
Indonesia. 311,317.
Cullity, B.D. 1967. Elements of X-Ray Diffraction. USA: Addison – Wesley.
Das, K., Bandyopadhyay, T. K., and Das, S. 2002. A Riview on The Various
Synthesis Routes of TiC Reinforced Ferrous Based Composites. J. Of Mat.
Sci., 37 (2002) 3881-3892.
Delley,B.,Steigmeier,E.F. 1993. Quantum confinement in Si nanocrystals.
Phys.Rev.B. 47, 1397.
Elizabeth R.2006. Potassium and Potassium Alloys. Ullman’s Encyclopedia of
Industrial Chemistry.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
58
Gray, Theodore. 2009. The Elements: A visual Exploration of Every Known
Atom in the Universe. Black Dog and Leventhal Publishers. Page 43.
ISBN 978-1-57912-814-2.
Greenwood, N.N, and A.Eartneshew,. 1997. Chmistry Of Elements. Second
Edition. Reed Educational and Profesional Publishing Ltd. Britian
Gustiono, D., Suratman, Nuryadi, R., Deni, Y., Roseno, S., Ulfa, I. M. 2012.
Pembuatan Prototipe Polycrystalline Silicon Untuk Bahan Baku Industri
Sel Surya. MT-7. Prosiding InSINas 2012.
Sigmaaldrich.com/Graphics/COfAInfo/SigmaSAPQM/SPEC/63/633097/633097
Iler, R.K. 1979. Silica Gels and Powders. New York : The Chemistry of Silica.
Iler, R.K.2007.Silicon Dioxide (serial online). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/silicon.
(10 oktober 2016)
Kalem, T. 2004. Gas-Solid Displacement Reactions for Converting Silica Diatom
Frustales into MgO dan TiO2. Lowa state University (Master’s Thesis),
USA (2004).
Kanellopoulus, N., 2011. Nanoporous Material: Advanced Techniques For
Characterization, Modeling and Procesing. CRC Press Taylor & Frances
Group. New York.
Kirk, R.E. dan Othmer, D.F. 1967. Encyclopedia of Chemical Engineering
Technology. New York : John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Krebs, Robert E. 2006. The History and Use Of Our Earth Chemical Elements : A
Reference Guid. Greenwood Press. United States Of America
Kumar, M. 2012. Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Silicon and Titanium
Nitride powder using atmospheric mirowave plasma technique. India:
Institute of Science.
Langford.1978.Scherrer after Sixty Years: A Survey and Some New Results in
Determination of Crystallite Size.USA.
Liang,J.2014.Hydrothermal Shynthesis of Nano – Silicon from silica sol and its
lithium ion batteries Property. China: Tsinghua University Press.
Luo, W. 2013. Efficient Fabrication of Nanoporous Si and Si/Ge Enabled by a
Heat Scavenger in Magnesiothermic Reactions.USA:Oregon
Universitas Sumatera Utara
59
Makarim, A. K. ,Suhartatik,E., dan Kartohardjono,A. 2001. Silikon:Hara Penting
Pada Sistem Produksi Padi.
McColm, I. J. 1983. Ceramic Science for Material Technologists. Leonard Hill.
New York
Miroslav,K. 2001. Lattice Imaging In Transmission Electron Microscopy. Czech:
Department of Materials, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical
Engineering.
Mishra P., Chakraverty A. and Banerjee H.D. 1985. Production and purification of
silicon by calcium reduction of rice-husk white ash. Journal of Materials
Science.
Morris, M.C.1976.Standar X-Ray Diffraction Powders Patterns.Washington
DC:US Goverment Printing Office. 35, 180
Norton, F. H. 1974. Elements of Ceramics. Second Edition. Addison-Wesley
Publishing Company. London
O’Mara, William C. 1990. Handbook of Semiconductor Silicon Technology.
William Andrew Inc. Pages 349-352. ISBN 0-8155-1237-6.
Potassium Fertilizers (Penn State Agronomy Guide) diakses 12 Desember 2010
Rouque-Malherbe, R.M.A. 2007. Adsorption and Diffussion in Nanoporous
Material. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group.
Sadique,S.E.,2010. Production and Purification of Silicon by Magnesiothermic
Reduction of Silica Fume. Toronto: University of Toronto. 65 – 80
Siswanto, Hamzah, M., Mahendra A., Fausiah. 2012. Perekayasaan Nanosilika
Berbahan Baku Silika Lokal Sebagai Filler Komponen Karet Rubber Air
Bag Peluncur Kapal dari Galangan. TR-56. Prosiding InSINas 2012
Sitorus,S.M. 2014. Peningkatan Kemurnian Silikon dari Pasir Kuarsa secara
magnesiotermik Dengan Variasi Waktu. Medan: USU.
Sudirham, S. dan Utari, N. 2010. Mengenal Sifat-sifat Material (1). Darpublic.
Bandung.
Suwandy. 2015. Pembuatan Nanosilikon dari Pasir Alam Kecamatan Tanjung
Tiram Kabupaten Asahan Secara Magnesiotermik dengan Penambahan
Natrium Klorida Sebagai Penyerap Kalor. Medan : USU.
Steven, S. 2009. Chemical principle 6 th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
60
Vogel. 1985. Analisis Anorganik Kualitatif Makro dan Semimikro. Jakarta : PT.
Kalman Media Pusaka
Wang, D., and Shi, S. 2002. Aluminothermic Reduction of Silica for The
Synthesis Alumina-Alumina-Silicon Composite. J. Of Mat. Syn. And
Proc., 9/5 (2002) 241-246
Wardiyati,S. 2004. Pemanfaatan Ultrasonik Dalam Bidang Kimia. Serpong:
Puslitbang Iptek Bahan
Warren,B.E. 1969. X-Ray Diffraction.Addison-Wesley: USA.
Wynnyckuj J.R. and Rao D.B. 1976. The mechanism of reduction of silica by
magnesium vapour . 203-217.
Zulumyam, N. H., Ishakyan, A. R., Hovhannisyan, Z. H., and Torosyan, A. R.
2006. The Influence of Mechanical Activation on The Process of Thermal
Reduction of Silica by Magnesium Powder. Magnesium Technology 2 Eds
: A. A. Luo A. A., N. R. Neelameggham N. R., and R. S. Beals R The
Minerals, Metal & Material Society (TMS) (2006) 351-354.
Universitas Sumatera Utara