Technique of Data Collecting Technique of Data Analysis

Students Number Omission Addition Misformation Misordering Total 18 5 4 1 - 10 19 9 8 13 1 31 20 2 4 3 - 9 21 5 1 6 1 13 22 5 5 2 - 12 23 2 2 6 - 10 24 6 - 4 - 10 25 5 1 1 - 7 26 10 3 7 - 20 27 1 2 2 - 5 28 1 1 3 1 6 29 6 - 3 - 9 30 4 5 3 2 14 154 88 128 13 383 Based on the table above, it will be analyzed the errors that students made as follow: a. Omission Omission is the absence of an item that must be appear in a well-formed utterance. The students omit a word that should be written. The example of student’s error in this case is “I want _ describe about my mom.” The students omit a word, they did not write preposition. It should be “I want to describe about my mom.” Besides, the students omit –s third singular person. For example “He often wear the glasses in the class”. It should be “He often wears the glasses in the class.” b. Addition Another error that students do is addition. Addition is the presence of an item which must not appear in a well-formed utterance. The students add a word that should not be written. The example of student’s error in this case is “He has a beautiful eyes.” They wrote an article. It should be “He has beautiful eyes.” Besides, the students add –ed in to infinitive. For example “And he is so glad to followed his tour.” It should be And he is so glad to follow his tour. c. Misformation In students’ writing, it also found errors in misformation. Misformation is wrong form of a structure or morpheme. The students used the wrong form. The example of student’s error in this case is “Greyson has a album with the tittle Hold on ‘til the night.” The students do misform in an article. It should be “Greyson has an album with the tittle Hold on ‘til the night.”.” Besides, the students misselect the word. For example “Greyson is a people who has a nice smile.” It should be Greyson is a person who has a nice smile. d. Misordering Misordering is the incorrect placement of a morpheme or group of morphemes in an utterance. The example is “also He has a pointed nose.” It should be “He also has a pointed nose.” The table below is the percentage of types of students’ errors made. Table 4.2 Percentage of Types of Error No Category Frequency of Error Percentage 1 Omission 154 40.21 2 Addition 88 22.98 3 Misformation 128 33.42 4 Misordering 13 3.39 Total N= 383 100 The frequency of the students’ error in omission is 154 error or 40.21 The frequency of the students’ error in addition is 88 error or 22.98 The frequency of the students’ error in misformation is 128 error or 33.42 The frequency of the students’ error in misordering is 13 error or 3.39

2. Causes of Error

Causes of error based on Peter Hubbard, they are mother-tongue interference, overgeneralization, and errors encouraged by teaching material or method. a. Mother-tongue interference. The sound system phonology and the grammar of the first language assert themselves on the new language and this leads to a’foreign’ pronunciation, faulty grammatical patterns and to the wrong selection of vocabulary. The example is”He always sleep.” It should be “He always sleeps.” It is caused mother-tongue interference. b. Overgeneralization. The learner processes new language data in his mind and produces rules for its production. The example is “and my favorite things to do is touching its nose.” It should be “and my favorite thing to do is touching its nose.” And the other example is”I very very much love that song.” It should be “ I love very much that song.” c. Errors encouraged by teaching material or method. Errors appear to be caused by the teaching process. The example is “He is shortest than me”. It should be “He is shorter than me”.

B. Interpretation

After analyzing the data and the result, the errors that students made would be interpreted among types and causes are as followings: There are four types of error; they are omission, addition, misformation and misordering. Omission was the highest frequency than other types of errors because students had less vocabulary and students did not comprehend in grammar. Meanwhile, the percentage of omission is 40.21. It means that there are 154 errors students made in descriptive writing. Addition was the third rate in percentage of types of error. It happened because the mix of two languages in writing. Meanwhile, the percentage of