Desperate in winning her love but then admitting he has lost the battle by going out from the house. Despite the fact that he admits that he has lost the oedipal
battle by doing so, Liam is still doing the sex reassignment surgery which also an association of somehow he is still yearning to have the womb which initially the
very essential importance was to win his mother’s love. Thus, these two conditions: leaving house and doing sexual surgery are the implementation of
Liam has stuck or fixed in the phallic stage. To put a closure to the paper it is also mentioned children who have been
abandoned may idealize the absent parent, they may over-identify with the absent parent and develop a set of fantasies about him or her which—although they may
provide temporary comfort—are not be based in reality.
B. Suggestion
The main discussion of the paper is put through the sex-typing process view through the psychoanalysis theory by Sigmund Freud. Although there have
been conclusion reached, it does not indicate that research in this field is final. For those who are interested in this study, further study can be undertaken or
discussed later in other areas. Luna novel contains many issues that are liable to be discussed partially
out of psychoanalysis theory. It reflects the patriarchal family where the children
are changing, while the parents are remained old fashion; thus can be analyzed through the point of view of sociology. While in psychoanalysis theory, the
jealousy of sibling’s birth also can be bring about to discussion, since that the major character Liam O’Neil is having little sister that took the attention of the
father and it gives him anxiety. Although Liam O’Neil is the main talk to the paper, there is another
important character worth to be spoken. Regan O’Neil Liam’s little sister as the narrator is facing many difficulties throughout the story, in how she faced her
transgender brother, and her society expectation in putting the gender role; includes from the parental unit too. Thus, her character, can be psychoanalytically
discussed or with other personality development theory. In the paper also, there are some concept mentioned: the absent mother, the womb envy, etc.; reader can
put interest in one particular concept and discussed in further or to analyze the contrariwise of the concepts such as: the absent father, the penis envy, or Elektra
complex as the opponent of Oedipus complex.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ainsworth, Mary D. Salter, Object Relations, Dependency, And Attachment: A Theoretical Review Of The Infant-Mother Relationship, Johns Hopkins
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Bem, Sandra Lipsitz, Gender Schema Theory And Its Implication For Child Development: Raising Gender-Aschematic Children In A Gender-
Schematic Society. Cornell University: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 1983, vol. 8.
_______. Gender Schema Theory: A Cognitive Account Of Sex-Typing. Cornell University: Psychological Review 1981. Vol. 88. No. 4. 354-364.
Bertens, K. Psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka, 2006. Cardozo, Arlene Rossen, Sequencing, Brownstone Books: 1996.
Cori, Jasmin. Emotionally Absent Mother a guide to claiming the warmth respect and love mom never gave you. Unpublished.
Farkhan, Muhammad. Penulisan Karya Ilmiah. Jakarta: Cella, 2006. _______. Proposal Penelitian Bahasa Dan Sastra. Jakarta: Cella, 2007.
Freud, Sigmund. Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis, New York: W.W Norton co. 1966
Gairdner, William, The War Against the Family, Toronto Canada: BPS books , 2007
Gross, Martin, The Psychological Society New York: Random House, Inc. 1978 Hall, Calvin S. et al. Theories of Personalities—4
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edition, John Wiley Sons. Inc. :1998
Kahn, Coppelia. The Absent Mother in King Lear. A Paper. Limber, Robert M. and Michael D. Spiegler, Personality, The Strategies For The
Study Of Man Illinois: the Dorsey press, 1974.
Literary Criticism. http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiPsychoanalytic_literary_criticism accessed on March 15, 2009.
Mc Candless, Boyd R. Children Behavior And Development Second Edition USA: Holt, Rinehart and Winston , Inc. 1967
Mussen, Paul Henry, et al. Child Development and Personality 3rd edition New York: Harper And Row Publisher, 1969
_______. Child Development and Personality second edition New York: Harper and row publisher, 1963
Papilia, Diane E and Sally Wendkos Olds, A Child’s World Infancy Through Adolescence Second Edition New York: Mc Graw Hill Book Company,
1979.
Peters, Julie Anne, Luna, New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2004. Pikunas, Justin, Human Development: a science of growth New York: Mc Graw
Hill Book Company, 1969 Seutter, Ray A. and Martin Rovers, Emotionally Absent Fathers: Furthering the
Understanding of Homosexuality, Journal of Psychology and Theology, Vol. 32, 2004.
Silver, Catherine B. “Womb Envy: loss and grief of the Maternal body”. Psychoanalytic review, 94 3, June 2007.
Storr, Anthony, Sexual Deviation Maryland: Penguin Book, 1964 Suryabrata, Sumadi. Psikologi Kepribadian. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo, 2003.
Yando, Regina, et al. Imitation: A Developmental Perspective New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, inc., 1978
Websites
Identification psychodynamic. http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiIdentification_28psychodynamic29
accessed on January, 22, 2010.
Literary Criticism, http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiPsychoanalytic_literary_criticism, accessed on January, 24, 2010.
Parent Abandonment. http:singleparents.about.comodparentingaabandonment.htm
Teenreads.com0316733695.asp.htm accessed on March 15, 2009. Transgender. http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiTransgender. Accessed on December,
15, 2009. Transgender.
http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiTransgender_and_transsexual_fiction.htm , accessed on March 15, 2009.
Womb and vagina envy. http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiWomb_and_vagina_envy. Accessed on December, 14, 2009.
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APPENDICES
Luna ’ s va rio us fro nt c o ve r
SYNO PSIS
Luna b y Julie Anne Pe te rs is a no ve l w ith m a in c ha ra c te rs Lia m O ’ Ne il a nd Re g a n O ’ Ne il. The sto ry is to ld fro m the p o int o f vie w o f Re g a n. She is
te lling the sto ry a b o ut his b ro the r tha t is a tra nsg e nd e r. Thro ug ho ut the no ve l Re g a n p ro vid e the re a d e r w ith the p a rtic ula r sto rie s tha t e ve ntua lly
le a d s his b ro the r into a tra nsg e nd e r. Lia m O ’ Ne il first c a lls him se lf Lia Ma rie , a nd the n d e c id e d to c ha ng e his
na m e to Luna . As he b e lie ve s he w a s a g irl tha t o nly c a n b e se e n a t nig ht. Lia m like s to d re ss a s g irl sinc e he w a s a little b o y. Eve ry nig ht he d isturb s his
siste r b y a sking he r ho w d o e s he lo o ks w ith p a rtic ula r g irl d re ss. Re g a n a lso he lp s him to sho w s he rse lf, b y d re ssing a s a g irl in a sto re . It w a s no t a s Lia m
e xp e c te d . Be ing a tra nsg e nd e r is no t a s e a sy a s it tho ug ht. Ma ny p e o p le a re m a king fun o f him .
In the m id d le o f the sto ry, Re g a n w ho w a s o nly his c o nfid a nte , turns to ha te s him . She thinks tha t his b ro the r c a use s a lo t o f p ro b le m in he r life tha t
m a ke s he r d iffic ult to a c ts—a s she sho uld a lw a ys ke e p s se c re t a b o ut he r b ro the r.
Re g a n te lls the re a d e r tha t the re la tio nship b e tw e e n he r p a re nts is no t g o o d . Fo r e ig hte e n ye a rs Lia m trie s to hid e he rse lf fro m his fa the r, b e c a use
his fa the r d o e s no t like his so n to b e fe m inine . Ne ve rthe le ss, a t his 18
th
b irthd a y Lia m sho w s he rse lf in fro nt o f his fa m ily o n ho w he w a nts to b e : a g irl.
His fa the r d id n’ t a g re e w ith tha t, he w a s m a d . While his m o the r b e ing ind iffe re nt to him . Eve ntua lly, Lia m d e c id e d to m o ve o ut fro m his ho use
a nd live his o w n life to b e a tra nsse xua l.
Luna ’ s Aw a rd s a nd Re vie w s
LUNA
Little, Brown and Co., 2004
ISBN 0-316-73369-5 HC : ISBN 0-316—1127-4 PB
o 2004 National Book Award Finalist in Young People’s Literature
o 2005 Stonewall Honor Book, awarded by the GLBTQ Round Table of the
American Library Association
o An American Library Association Best Book for Young Adults 2005
o 2005 Colorado Book Award for Young Adult Literature
o 2005 Lambda Literary Award Finalist
o 2004 Borders Original Voices Award Finalist
o Nominated for the „Buxtehuder Bulle“, a distinguished prize in literature
for young people in Germany
o Chicago Public Library Best of the Best 2004, Books for Great Teens
o Michigan Library Association 2005 Thumbs Up Award Nominee
o Rhode Island Teen Book Award 2006 Nominee
o Missouri Gateway Book Award 2006 Nominee
o Vermont Green Mountain Book Award 2006 Nominee
o New York Public Library Books for the Teen‐Age List 2005
o An Original Voices selection by Borders Books and Music. Original
Voices recognizes innovative and ambitious books from new and
emerging talents, as well as outstanding works from established authors.
o 2004 Book Sense Summer Reading List for Teens
o An ALA Popular Paperbacks for Young Adults
o 2007 New Jersey Garden State Teen Book Award Nominee
o 2007 Best Young Adult Fiction Award from the China Times in Taiwan
o 2009 Great Stories CLUB, chosen by the American Library Association.
The o
Great Stories CLUB Connecting Libraries, Underserved teens and Books is
a reading and discussion program designed to reach underserved and at
‐risk youth through books that are relevant to their lives
Re vie w s
Groundbreaking, finely tuned realism about a transsexual teen. Peters writes her characters with care and complexity. The first of its kind — well done and essential for
every library serving young adults.” Starred
Kirkus Reviews
This novel breaks new ground in YA literature with a sensitive and poignant portrayal of a young man’s determination to live his true identity and his family’s
struggle to accept Luna for who she really is.” School Library Journal Although the book is about Liam’s struggle with being transgendered, it is
really Regan’s story. If one removed that entire theme, there would still be a great novel about teenage life, showing the real strength of the writing and the characters. Peters
handles the issue with grace, sympathy, and a huge dose of reality. This does not scream, “Controversial topic” Instead it brings up a sensitive issue and shows it in such a
realistic light that the reader will come away having learned something, and one might hope, with a sympathetic attitude toward people dealing with gender issues.” Voice of
Youth Advocates
Peters’ sensitive treatment of the struggles of the transgendered and those who love them allows readers to see another aspect of the difficult adolescent journey toward
identity and the influence of societal pressure. Peters writes with great empathy and provides her readers with carefully chosen information about transsexuality and the
quest to become whole.” KLIATT
The Sto ry Be hind The Sto ry: JULIE ANNE PETERS
o n LUNA
What was your initial inspiration for creating this book? I had a visitation. In February 2001 I’d just completed two novels without a break: KEEPING
YOU A SECRET a YA lesbian love story and BETWEEN MOM AND JO which may forever remain a secret if we keep pushing back the pub date. I was catching up on sleep. I’m a terrible
insomniac anyway, and most of my head work for a book is done in bed, lying awake, working through nuances in character and plot, dialogue, language, transitions. This particular morning, I
remember so vividly, a strong presence woke me. She was a girl, sixteen or so, with shoulder- length blonde hair and bangs. Characters don’t usually come to me so visually distinct and fully
formed.
She said, “Write about me.” I said, No. Go away. Come back later.
She did, the next night. Write about me. “No,” I said. “But who are you?”
She replied, “I’m Luna.” I remember thinking, That would make a great title for a YA novel. But I wasn’t ready to start a
new book. I fended Luna off, for weeks and weeks. Finally, I just got so irritated with her waking me up at three A.M., I sniped, “What? Write what? What’s your story?”
She smiled, demurely, and said, “I’m transsexual.” Whoa.
What was the timeline between spark and publication, and what were the major events along the way?
After my initial resistance and I was resistant to writing this book; I didn’t feel I could tell Luna’s story authentically, I began to research transsexualism. I knew zip, zero, zilch about being
transgender or gender-variant. I should’ve known, but gender identity and sexual orientation are two different animals. Beyond case studies and psychology texts there’s a dearth of mainstream
fiction dealing with the subject. After six months my knowledge of their lives only scratched the surface, and to write a novel I need to know my characters intimately, to get under their skin. I
called the Gender Identity Center of Colorado and cried, Help
I asked if they could hook me up with a person who’d be willing to talk to me about growing up transgender. They invited me to a support group meeting.
To demonstrate the extent of my ignorance, I thought I’d be walking into a roomful of Ru Pauls. I’d be the most underdressed girl there. Stupid. They were just a group of ordinary people, in
different stages of transition, gathering together to share their trials and triumphs.
I explained that I was working on this novel and asked if anyone was willing to sit down and share their story with me. Were they willing? They were desperate. Desperate for people to know and
understand them. Almost every person in that room volunteered to help. Somehow word got out that I was doing this book and my e-mail box began to fill with letters from transgender people
who wanted to participate in the project.
The book was two years in the writing and revising. My agent, Wendy Schmalz, and my editor at Little, Brown, Megan Tingley, are both enlightened, progressive, and intrepid people and industry
professionals. They embraced the book with enthusiasm.
What were the challenges literary, research, psychological, logistical in bringing it to life? About halfway through the novel, I abandoned the project altogether. I felt that fictionalizing the
lives of these people was trivializing their struggle. The next day it’s so weird to think back on this an article appeared in the Rocky Mountain News about the brutal murder of a gay teen in
Cortez, Colorado, Fred Martinez, Jr. As I was reading the testimonials from his friends, I realized Fred wasn’t gay. He was transgender. His life, his journey of self-discovery, had been denied him
by an ignorant and violent society. I felt it was a sign that I should finish LUNA; that it could serve as a way to educate people. I knew if the book ever came to publication, I’d dedicate it to Fred.
There were, in fact, literary challenges to pulling this thing off. The major one was my stubborn bias in favor of authentic voices in LGBTQI literature. I’m not trans. I never will be. My
authenticity bias couldn’t be compromised. To be authentic and honest, the narrator, the main character, would need to act in the role of observer. I decided to create a sister for Luna, Regan.
Regan would be Luna’s confidante throughout life and in that way she could see, and relate to the reader, the childhood manifestations of being born transgender.
Of course Regan would need her own story. What could she possibly want or need that could equal the ferocity of Luna’s survival instinct to transition to another sex? When I figured out the
answer, it seemed obvious. Young readers will no doubt get there faster than I did.
The challenge of exploring Luna’s childhood with flashbacks was a new writing experience for me. I’m always battling my own biases. I’m not a huge fan of flashbacks in novels, since they tend
to pull readers out of the central storyline. Too often flashbacks are a lazy way for the writer to fill in backstory. But in the writing process, as I was recreating Luna’s past, my subconscious writer
kicked in and switched the narrative from past to present tense. Yikes. I didn’t know if that had ever been done before. Young adult literature is all about experimentation and risk-taking. There
are no rules, no limitations, no literary expectations to overcome. I liked the immediacy of reliving Luna and Regan’s childhood in the present. It gave the reader and writer a feeling of being there.
It was also a challenge to strike a balance between educating and entertaining readers. To honor Fred, and every person struggling with gender identity issues, it was imperative for me that the
story transcend the whole “difference and diversity” theme. I believe Regan and Luna speak to the power of love between siblings.
SYNOPSIS
SEX TYPING IN JULIE ANNE PETERS’ LUNA
NURIL BASRI 104026000930
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY “SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH” JAKARTA
2010
1
A. BACKGROUND OF STUDY
