0.5 ppm, but not when higher concentration of BAP was used. Kaempferia parviflora might respond in similar way.
Figure 9. Shoot regeneration rate of K. parviflora plantlets Figure 9 showed that short-term rapid propagation of K. parviflora could
use MS medium supplemented with 3.75 ppm BAP for 3 - 4 weeks. Although it doesn‟t produce shoot as much as explants cultured on MS
medium at the end of observation Table 3, its shoot regeneration rate was very high on early
observation about 0.4 shootexplantweek at 4 WAC, which for some cases, better than MS
medium that reach similar rate only at 7 WAC. Long-term propagation could use MS
medium, since it was easier and certainly cheaper to make.
K. parviflora Plantlets Height
Analysis of variance showed that MS salt concentration treatment did not give significantly different results on the plantlets height. This is consistently
observed from 1 to 12 WAC, as shown on Table 1. BAP concentration treatment showed significantly different results at 2 WAC and very significantly different
results starting from 3 week to 8 WAC. Interaction between MS salt concentration and BAP concentration that affects the plantlets height was observed at 2
to 6 WAC. At the end of observation, no treatment showed significantly different
result.
0.1 0.2
0.3 0.4
0.5 0.6
0.7
2 3
4 5
6 7
8 9
10 11
12
S
h o
o t
s w
ee k
e xp
la n
ts
Weeks After Cultured
MS + 0 MS + 1.25
MS + 2.5 MS + 3.75
MS + 5 12 MS + 0
12 MS + 1.25 12 MS + 2.5
12 MS + 3.75 12 MS + 5
Explants cultured on BAP free medium grow faster than the other treatments, as shown on Figure 10. Starting from 2 WAC, the explants cultured on
0 ppm BAP medium grow more rapidly than the other treatments, but after 10 WAC, they grow slower. On the other hand, explants cultured on medium
enriched with BAP keep growing steadily. It is possible that the growth speed declining on BAP free medium was because the explants have reached its
maximum growth in bottle. It is obvious that BAP did not induce K. parviflora plantlets to grow taller.
Figure 10. Various BAP concentration effect on K.parviflora plantlets height Regression analysis on explants height at 6 WAC showed that BAP
concentration had quadratic response with concave graph and regression equation as follows: y = 0.303x
2
- 1.958x + 8.284 and R² value = 0.240 Figure 11. Just as number of shoots, regression analysis on explants height showed low R² value,
which is 0.240. It means that only 24 of the whole variance could be explained by this equation. The quadratic response with concave graph also provides hope
that an increased BAP concentration above 5 ppm can increase plantlets height growth. The same applies to number of shoots.
Figure 11. Fitted line plot for K. parviflora plantlets height at 6 WAC.
2 4
6 8
10 12
2 4
6 8
10 12
P la
n tl
et h
ei gh
t c
m
Weeks After Cultured
0 ppm 1.25 ppm
2.5 ppm 3.75 ppm
5 ppm
y = 0.303x
2
- 1.958x + 8.284 R² = 0.240
5 10
15
1.25 2.5
3.75 5
P la
n tl
et s
H egh
t c
m
BAP Concentration ppm
Interaction between MS salt concentration and BAP concentration for Kaempferia parviflora plantlets height was observed from 2 WAC to 6
WAC. From the beginning of observation, explants cultured on ½ MS medium + 0 ppm
BAP grow faster than other treatments, especially at 1 to 3 WAC. As shown on Table 4, explants cultured on ½ MS medium without BAP grow faster than other
treatments. Duncan Multiple Range Test also showed that ½ MS medium with no BAP was the best medium for plantlets height growth for the first four weeks.
This is possibly caused by nutrient concentration on medium. ½ MS medium composed using only half of macro and micro nutrients of MS medium, therefore
osmosis would be easier and the explants would grow faster. However, starting from 6 WAC, explants cultured on MS + 0 ppm BAP and MS + 1.25 ppm BAP
medium started to grow faster. This is also suspected caused by medium concentration. At 6 WAC, some of the nutrients in medium have been absorbed
by the explants, thus decreasing medium concentration, allowing easier osmosis. Table 4. Interaction effect of MS salt concentration and BAP concentration on
K. parviflora plantlets height
MS salt concentration
BAP concentration ppm
Age WAC 2
3 4
5 6
MS Plantlet height cm
3.01 bc 4.35 bc
5.13 bc 5.68 bc
7.38 ab 1.25
3.57 bc 4.87 b
5.67 b 6.71 ab
7.67 ab 2.75
3.75 b 3.96 bc
4.50 bc 5.22 bc
5.87 bcd 3.75
3.50 bc 4.53 bc
5.07 bc 5.61 bc
6.60 bc 5
3.13 bc 4.27 bc
4.23 bc 4.46 c
5.15 cd
12 MS
5.33 a 7.61 a
