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be satisfied in this modern world in which people move a lot. We no longer stay permanently in one place. We change houses, neighborhood, cities, countries and
even spouses. We are not long enough in one place to develop a sense of belonging.
The self esteem needs have two categories. They are self-esteem and respect from other people. Self esteem comprises such needs as desires for
confidence, competence, mastery, adequacy, achievement, independence and freedom. Those characteristics if we lack of them, we feel inferior, weak and
helpless in facing life. Respect encloses such concepts as prestige, recognition, acceptance, attention, status, reputation, and appreciation. Very often we think
well ourselves if we are sure that others think well of us. The self actualization needs are described as the desire to become more
and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming. These needs are the identification of the psychological needs for growth,
development and utilization of potential. Self-actualizing people express their emotions in open and direct ways. They are also committed to their work.
According to Maslow, if this sense of devotion and dedication is absent, it is impossible for someone to become self actualizing. These needs also appear after
reasonable satisfaction of love and esteem needs Globe 42.
2.2 Theoretical Framework
The theories that the writer had explained were to support the analysis of the study. In this part, the writer mentioned what theories are applied and why the
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writer used those theories. First was the theory of critical approach which was important to know what approach was the most relevant to analyze the study. It
turn out that the psychological approach was the most relevant one because this study discussed human motivation, personality, and behavior patterns written in
literary objects. Moreover, this approach believed that character’s thought, personality and behavior might reflect their psychological order.
The second was the theory of character and characterization. The theories were used to help the writer describe what kind of person was the Jacques
Sauniere in the novel. According to the theory, a character should be described through several ways. These theories were important in answering the first
questions in the problem formulation. The third was theory of motivation. The theory was employed in order to
reveal the motivation of Jacques Sauniere in leaving a message before he died. The theory is important to answer the second question of problem formulation.
2.3 Criticism of the Novel
The Da Vinci Code is a 2003 mystery-detective fiction novel written by
American author Dan Brown. It follows symbologist Robert Langdon and Sophie Neveu as they investigate a murder in Pariss Louvre Museum and discover a
battle between the Priory of Sion and Opus Dei over the possibility of Jesus Christ of Nazareth having been married to Mary Magdalene.
The title of the novel refers to, among other things, the fact that the murder victim is found in the Denon Wing of the Louvre, naked and posed like Leonardo
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da Vincis famous drawing, the “Vitruvian Man”, with a cryptic message written beside his body and a pentacle drawn on his stomach in his own blood.
The novel has provoked a popular interest in speculation concerning the Holy Grail legend and Magdalenes role in the history of Christianity. The book
has been extensively denounced by many Christian denominations as an attack on the Roman Catholic Church. It has also been criticized for its historical and
scientific inaccuracy. The book is a worldwide bestseller that sold 80 million copies as of
2009[update] and has been translated into 44 languages. This makes it, as of 2010, the best selling English language novel of the 21st century and the 2nd biggest
selling novel of the 21st century in any language. Combining the detective, thriller, and conspiracy fiction genres, it is Browns second novel to include the
character Robert Langdon, the first being his 2000 novel Angels Demons. In November 2004, Random House published a Special Illustrated Edition with 160
illustrations. In 2006, a film adaptation was released by Sonys Columbia Pictures. The book generated criticism when it was first published, due to its
inaccurate description of core aspects of Christianity, the history of the Catholic Church, and descriptions of European art, history, and architecture. The book has
received mostly negative reviews from Catholic and other Christian communities. Many critics say that Brown should have done much more research before
publishing this book. On February 22, 2004, an article titled The Last Word: The Da Vinci Code
appeared in the New York Times by writer Laura Miller. Miller attacks The Da Vinci Code on multiple levels, referring to it as based on a
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notorious hoax, rank nonsense, and bogus. She points out how heavily the book is based on the fabrications of Pierre Plantard the Priory of Sion did not
exist until Plantard created it who in 1953 was arrested and convicted of fraud. The book opens with the claim by Dan Brown that The Priory of Sion —
a European secret society founded in 1099 — is a real organization. The Priory of Sion itself was actually a hoax created in 1956 by a Mr. Pierre Plantard. The
author also claims that all descriptions of artwork, architecture, documents … and secret rituals in this novel are accurate; but this claim is disputed by almost
all academic scholars in the fields the book discusses. Numerous works have been published that explain in detail why any claim
to accuracy is difficult to substantiate, while two lawsuits have been brought alleging plagiarism in The Da Vinci Code. The first suit for copyright
infringement was filed in February 2006 in a British court by the authors of The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail, a purportedly nonfiction account of Mary
Magdalenes role as the wife of Jesus of Nazareth and the mother of his child, was found in Dan Browns favor. No verdict has yet been rendered on a second suit,
filed in August of the same year, in the United States by Jack Dunn, the author of The Vatican Boys.
A third author, Lewis Perdue, alleged that Brown plagiarized from two of his novels, The Da Vinci Legacy, originally published in 1983, and Daughter of
God , originally published in the year 2000. He sought to block distribution of the
book and film. However, Judge George Daniels of the US District Court in New York ruled against Perdue in 2005, saying that A reasonable average lay observer
