they dealt with the problems in the past, the child’s medical, developmental, educational, social history, the family history, and the parents’ expectations for
treatment and remediation. The interviews were often similar to conversations between friends or
relatives rather than formal interviews. The interviewees were given freedom to answer the questions and to give explanations. The researcher made the condition of
the interview like sharing session. Several times the interviews were conditioned to be friendly and relaxing, especially with the parents, where they could also share their
feelings and experience with their children.
D. Data Gathering Techniques
In order to collect data, the researcher observed, recorded and transcribed the pronunciation produced by the seventh grade hearing-speech students of SLBN 3
Yogyakarta. Each of the students was given a piece of paper containing 10 English words at a time and then the researcher asked the students to read the words
themselves. When the researcher found some misarticulation, she directly made the corrections.
To obtain the data, the researcher recorded the student’s pronunciation using an audio-video recorder. Besides using the recorder, the phonetic transcription was also
employed to collect the data. After the data were gathered, the researcher used the following tables to record the data.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Table 3.1. Record students’ pronunciation
No. Phoneme initial,
middle, final
position Word Expected
pronunciation Pronunciation of
respondent 1 Pronunciation of
respondent 2 Pronunciation of
respondent 3
Table 3.2. Comparison of students’ pronunciation and expected pronunciation
Words Phonetic transcriptions
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
Students’ pronunciation
E. Data Analysis Technique
Data analysis is the process of organizing and ordering the data into patterns, or categorizing in such a way to find a theme Moleong, 2000: 112. The researcher
provided two analyses for analyzing the collected data. They were comparing the phonetic transcriptions of the students’ pronunciation of the given words and the
expected pronunciation of the words by referring to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. The researcher chose that dictionary considering of the validity in which
it uses the standardized symbols of English pronunciation transcription. After comparing the phonetic transcription of the students’ pronunciation with the
dictionary, the researcher analyzed the articulation errors by using the theory of misarticulation by Johnson 1967 and Cerney 2007. It was followed by the
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
explanation of the causes of the problems and some possible solutions to overcome the problems.
F. Research Procedure
