50 official letter.
50
In this research, the reseacher asked the students to transform thirty declarative into interrogative sentences based on the sentence provided.
E. Instrument of the Research
An instrument is a device to get the data.
51
In this case, the researcher used documentation as instrument in collecting the data as well. Research instrument was
one of important things that keep the quality of the research result. It means that if the research instrument was good, it got a good result. Therefore, research instrument
became important tool in this research. The researcher asked the students to transform thirty declarative into interrogative sentences used as documentation.
The instruction in doing documentation follows the steps: The researcher had given 30 sentences in declarative form to the students, and then students should transform
to interrogative form. They must finish them in 70 minutes. After that the researcher analyzed the errors that made by the students with Surface Strategy Taxonomy.
F. Credibility and Transferability of the Research
Criteria for evaluating qualitative research focused on how well the researchers had provided evidence and how well the researchers described and analyzed the evidence
50
Seriyadi, Ag Bambang, 2006, Metode Penelitian untuk Pengajaran Bahasa Asing Pendekatan Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif
, Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu. P 249
51
Suharsimi Arikunto, Op Cit., p. 211
51 that they had got.
52
Transferability refers to how well the study will be at work in their own communities with similar process also how well the readers in the
researchers site.
53
Credibility refers to whether the participants‟ perceptions of setting or events match up with the researcher‟s report. There are some strategies that used to
improve the credibility and transferability in qualitative research: 1.
Prolonged and meaningful participation in setting The researcher spend enough time in the setting and take part in meaningful
interactions with the participats. 2.
Triangulation of multiple data sources A second aspect of credibility involves checking on whether the researcher‟s
interpretation of the process and interactions in the setting is valid. The researcher collect multiple sources of data to ensure that they had a broad
representation of the places and persons studied. The information provided by these different sources should be compared through triangulation to corroborate
the researcher‟s conclusions. 3.
Negative case analysis When negative instances are identified, the researcher should revise the
hypothesis or provide an explanation of why the case does not fit. 4.
Participant review of interview transcripts
52
Marguerite G. Lodico, Dean T. Spaulding, Katherine H. Voegtle, 2006, Method In Educational Research
, San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass.p 273
53
Ibid, p 275
52 All participants will not share the same perspectives, so transcribed interviews
or summaries of the researcher‟s conclusions are sent to participants for review. 5.
Member checks The researcher use member checks for transcribed interview.
6. Peer debriefer
A colleague who examines the field note. 7.
Attention to voice Researcher taking an emancipatory-liberatory framework.
8. External Audit
In an external audit, an independent researcher examines all of the data collected in a study with the following questions in mind:
a. Are the findings grounded in data? Is there a clear connection between
each finding and some parts of the data? b.
Are the themes appropriate to the data? Are all interpretations and conclusions supported by the data?
c. Have researcher biases been well controlled?
54
Based on the statement above, the researcher used triangulation of multiple data source; it means aspect of credibility involves checkingon whether the researcher
interpretation of the process in the setting is valid. In this case, there were 2 advisors and also examiner who have checked the result of the researcher‟s data.
54
Ibid, p 273-274
53
G. Data Analysis
