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3.6 Technique of Analyzing Data
After the writer finished collecting the data, several steps were needed to analyze the data. Here are the steps of analyzing the data:
a Transcribing
The writer transcribed the recorded conversations crudely in field notes as the first step in analyzing the data. The transcribing is also intended to
make it easier for her to analyze the communication strategies that the students employed in the conversations. The writer also gave simple markings on the
communication strategies appearing in the conversations. b
Categorizing the communication strategies After putting simple marks on the communication strategies
employed by the students, the writer categorized the communication strategies through the data cards. Here is the form of the data card that was made to
categorize the communication strategies:
No. Conversation
Type of CS Analysis
1. Speaker 1: We are having
a discussion and the topic is: Is it
necessary to have a date before marriage?
For me, to have a date before marriage
is a… biasa?
Speaker 2: Usual Speaker 1: Is a usual thing
because we have to know each other
before we… before we… emm…
we…we…we make a…a relation with
her. Message
Abandonment Topic
Avoidance Appeal to the
Authority v
Language Switch
Changing Code
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c Analyzing the communication strategies
After categorizing the communication strategies, the writer deeply analyzed them in this step, also through the data card. Here is the example:
No. Conversation
Type of CS Analysis
1. Speaker 1: We are having
a discussion and the topic is: Is it
necessary to have a date before marriage?
For me, to have a date before marriage
is a… biasa?
Speaker 2: Usual Speaker 1: Is a usual thing
because we have to know each other
before we… before we… emm…
we…we…we make a…a relation with
her. Message
Abandonment The
speaker intends
to say that to have a date before marriage
is a usual thing, but at this point she is
hard to find the term “biasa” in the target
language, therefore, she asks the
interlocutors to supply the correct
term in English. Topic
Avoidance Appeal to the
Authority v
Language Switch
Changing Code
d Quantifying
Categorizing and analyzing the communication strategies used in the conversation, the writer continued to account the amount of frequency of
each type of CS’s used in the conversation. This step aimed to know what type of CS’s were most frequently used by English department students of UNNES
in making conversation in speaking class. In doing this step, she used a simple formula as follows:
of each strategy= frequency of each strategy X 100 the amount of strategies used
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e Finding the result of investigation
The writer found the result of investigation after finishing the analysis of the data and the calculation of the amount of frequency of each
CS’s type used in the conversation. In this step, the writer found the type of communication strategies employed by the students during their discussions in
speaking class. f
Drawing conclusion The final step in writing this final project is drawing conclusion.
This step was accomplished based on the description and evaluation upon the findings.
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
In this chapter, the writer deals with the results and the discussions of the study. This study is intended to describe the communication strategies used by
English Department students of UNNES in making conversation in speaking class. In this chapter, the writer gives descriptions about the communication
strategies employed by students from the recorded conversation.
4.1 Data Analysis