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involved themselves in small group discussions, discussed several topics that the writer had prepared. The conversations that they had were recorded and
then analyzed qualitatively.
3.3 Role of Researcher
In conducting the research, the role of researcher appears in the process of collecting the data. The writer attended several meetings of speaking 3
subject to do the observation. After doing the observation, the writer found that all lecturers of speaking 3 subjects were giving seminar, speech, or debate
activities to the students. Those kinds of activities did not allow me to collect the data because the conversation did not come out spontaneously and
naturally. The writer then asked the lecturer of speaking 3 subject for permission
for her to conduct small group discussions to the students in order to collect the data. The writer divided the students in groups of 4 people to discuss
topics that the writer had prepared before. Then, the writer recorded all conversations that happened there. Besides recording, the writer also took
some notes on the participants. After the recorded data was completed, the writer did the transcribing of the recorded data to make it easier to analyze.
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3.4 Research Instrument
In this study, the writer used the instrument as follows: In collecting the data, the writer used several tape recorders and blank
cassettes to record the conversation during the group discussions. Furthermore, the quality of tape recorder must be as good as possible because
good data requires good recording Marjohan, 1988:15. This makes the writer easier to analyze the data and identify what communication strategies are
formed. The blank cassettes also take a very important role in this final project to make the analysis more accurate.
3.5 Technique of Collecting Data
Since the writer did the research on the conversation among English Department students in speaking class, series of actions needed to be done in
collecting the data. The techniques of collecting the data were as follows: a
Observation The writer attended several meetings of different classes of
Speaking 3 subject to do the observation. These observations were intended to know the situations of speaking class and the activity that the
students were doing, which could make the writer decide whether the writer could collect the data from the class or not. But unfortunately, the
students from all speaking classes were doing activities such as: seminar, speech, debate, which did not allow the writer to record the conversation
because their conversations did not come out spontaneously and naturally.
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In writing this final project, the writer needed conversation that was spontaneously and naturally done by participants so the writer could
analyze the communication strategies they were using. b
Conducting small group discussion Having found that students were doing activities that made the
writer unable to collect the data, she asked for the lecturer’s permission to give small group discussion activity to the students.
The lecturer only gave her 30 minutes to conduct her research. There were only 28 out of 31 students altogether who came at the meeting.
The writer randomly divided the students into 7 groups of 4 people. The writer then gave different topics for each group to discuss for around 20
minutes. Before the students began the discussions, the writer put one tape recorder in the middle of each group so the conversations were recorded.
So, in conducting the research, the writer provided 7 tape recorders and 7 blank cassettes.
Besides recording, the writer also took notes on the participants’ names. The writer listed the members of each group along with the topics
that they were discussing. c
Recording The writer recorded all conversations that the students did through
small group discussions. Here, the writer used 7 tape recorders along with one blank cassette inside each tape recorder. The writer put one tape
recorder in the middle of each group to record the conversation.
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3.6 Technique of Analyzing Data
