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9 representation of reality. It is often in scale and may be miniature, exact size or a
larger size. f Program and computer- Assisted instruction.
Program is sequences of information verbal, visual, or audio which are designed to elicit predetermined responses. The most common example are
programmed text books or instructional programs prepared for computers.
2.1.2 Pictures as Media
Pictures are found everywhere. They can be drawn either on the blackboard or chart paper or even cutouts Nagaraj G, 1996: 188.
According to Gerlach and Elly 1980: 273, a picture may also be worth a thousand years or a thousand miles. Through pictures, learners can be shown
people, places, and things from areas for outsides their own experiences. Pictures can also represent images from ancient time or portray the future. We will support
this statement if we realize that every time we see pictures, there must be something we want to say about the pictures.
For most people, Brown et al 1977: 179-180 stated, pictures provide feeling that they make contacts with the real world. Perhaps, there are million of
individuals all over the world who have never seen an ocean except in some kind of pictures. The picture may be used to clarify their imagination about ocean.
They will show how the real ocean looks like.
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2.1.3 Picture as Aid
Harmer 2001: 3 explains that pictures are clearly indispensable for the language teacher since they can be used in so many ways. We can teach
vocabulary easily through the pictures. A picture may not only be worth a thousand words but it may also be worth a thousand years or a thousand miles.
Gerlach and Ely 1980: 273 - 308 states that through pictures, learners can be shown people, places and things from areas outside of their own experiences.
Pictures can also represent images from ancient times to the future. They also assert about pictures which are called “Opaque still pictures”, two dimensional
visual representation of person, place, or thing. Photographic prints are most common but sketches, cartoons, murals, cut out, charts, graphs and maps are
widely used. From the explanation above, through pictures the students of elementary
school can catch and memorize the lesson faster, especially in vocabulary. Teacher just shows the pictures about objects, places, people, etc to them so that
the teaching learning process can be reached.
2.1.4 Types of Pictures
