Conclusions CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

101 their friends, but also their lecturers as facilitators, and the selection of tasks or projects which can promote students interests as well as skills. The last implication applies for English teachers or lecturers who consider implementing project-based learning in their learning setting. They could make use the participants’ shared experiences in this study to encounter the potential challenges in learning through projects. Therefore, lessons learned from this study is expected to be beneficial to not only the ELS students and the ELS lecturers, but also for lecturers and student coming from other study programs.

C. Recommendations

The findings of this study benefitted the research participants, as the ELS students, in forming a habit in doing reflection which would enable them to self- actualize themselves both in their learning strategies as well as in their life. By having a reflective habit formation, they would have sharper goals in their life and be able to self-actualize themselves. On the other hand, the audience might use the description and interpretation of the lived experience in this study to gain more information and to understand how the project-based learning in the classroom is carried out. Furthermore, the findings of this study might help the lecturers in the graduate program in ELS improve their teaching strategies when using projects to their students by giving feedbacks or inputs to the students so that the students can improve their learning process and the implementation of this learning approach can be better improved in the future. In addition, the use of project-based learning approach can be a means to provide better learning opportunities which extend beyond the classroom and accommodate learners’ various learning styles. 102 Additionally, future researchers might examine the perceptions of the ELS students of project based learning. A study on the effectiveness of using projects in learning English might also be conducted. In addition, future researchers might conduct the same research which focuses on the lecturers’ lived experience in teaching by using project-based learning approach. They could reveal how the lecturers’ give meanings to the phenomenon. 103 BIBLIOGRAPHY Abarca, J., Bedard, A., Carlson, D., Carlson, L., Hertzberg, J., Louie, B., et al. 2000. Introductory engineering design: A projects-based approach. Retrieved November 15, 2016, from http:itll.colorado.edugeen1400index.cfm?fuseaction=Textbook Alvesson, M. Skoldberg, K. 2000. Reflexive methodology: New vistas for qualitative research . London: SAGE Publication Arnold, J., Brown, H. D. 1999. A map of the terrain. In J. Arnold Ed., Affect in Language Learning pp. 1-24. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Association of Business Practioners. 2010. Self awareness and personal development. Liverpool: British Business Professional Skills Development. Baş, G. 2011. Investigating the effects of project-basd learning on students’ academic achievement and attitudes towards English lesson. The Online Journal of New Horizons in Education, 01, 01-15. Beckett, G. H., Slater, T. 2005. The Project Framework: a tool for language, content, and skills integration. ELT Journal, 59 2, 108-116. Bergh, V., Mortelmans, D., Spooren, P., Petegem, P., Gijbels, D., Vanthournout, G. 2006. New Assessment Modes Within Project-Based Education- The Stakeholders. Studies in Education Evaluation, 32 4, 345-368. Bell, S. 2010. Project-based learning fo the 21st century: Skills for the future. The Clearing House , 83 , 39-43. Brophy, J. E. 2004. Motivating students to learn . London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Cotton, J. 1995. The theory of assessment: An introduction . London: Kogan Page. Cresswell, J. W. 2012. Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. 4 th ed. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. Cresswell, J. W. 2007. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches: 2 nd ed. California: SAGE Publication, Inc. Curtis, D. 2002. The Power of Projects. Educational Leadership, 60 1, pp. 50- 53. Downes, S. 2007. Emerging Technologies for Learning . Coventry, U.K.: Becta. Retrieved January 29, 2017, from 104 http:partners.becta.org.ukpage_documentsresearchemerging_technolog ies07_chapter2.pdf Duch, B. J., Groh, S. E., Allen, D. E. 2001. Why problem-based learning? A case study of institutional change in undergraduate education. In B. J. Duch, S. E. Groh, D. E. Allen, Eds., The power of problem-based learning pp. 3-12. Sterling: Stylus Publishing. Duffy, T. M. Cunningham, D. J. 1996. Constructivism: Implications for the design and delivery of instruction. In D. H. Jonassen Ed,