roles in their life. Therefore, education is supposed to be given to women without gender gap between women and men, within the education itself. Education is about
the right for women and for men that resulted in the development of a country and the best society life.
B. Problem Formulation
Based on the introductions above, the problems of this study are formulated as follows:
1. How did patriarchy limit the mothers
’ opportunity to get education as depicted in Three Mothers, Three Daughters?
2. How did education change
the daughters’ life as depicted in Three Mothers, Three Daughters?
C. Objective of the Study
This study focuses on the role of education in the Palestine women on Michael Gorkin and Rafiqa Othman
’s Three Mothers, Three Daughters novel seen from the theories of feminism and education. This study analyses how Palestinian
women’s life under patriarchy rules that influence their educations and also, the role of education itself that in the end, changing their perspectives and views toward
patriarchy practice; the inequality between men and women; and achieving the rights in their life. Furthermore, this study shows that the role of education in
Palestinian women has brought and given important aspects of a new life as educated women, not only as housewives or an ordinary women.
The first objective is to understand the three mothers’ story and answering
the first problem by describing how did patriarchy limit the three mothers ’
opportunity to get education. Then, the writer analyses the three daughters’ stories
and examining the details to explain how did education change the three daughters ’
life for the better.
D. Definition of Terms
To avoid different interpretation, the researcher limits the definition of the terms which are discussed in this thesis. Here are the definition of patriarchy
private and public patriarchy, and feminism.
1. Patriarchy
According to The Dictionary of Feminist Theory, patriarchy is a system of male authority which oppresses women through its social, political, economic
institution. In any of historical forms that patriarchal society takes, whether it is feudal, capitalist, or socialist, a sex-gender system and a system of economic
discrimination operate simultaneously. Patriarchy h as power from men’s greater
access to, and meditation of, the resources and rewards of authority structures inside and outside the home Humm, 1990:159.
In Forms and Degrees of Patriarchy, Walby distinguished two main forms of patriarchy, which are private and public. Private patriarchy is based upon
household production as the main site of women’s oppression. Public patriarchy is based principally in public sites such as employment and the state 1993:18.
2. Feminism
According to Owen M. Fiss 1994:44, feminism is the set of beliefs and ideas that belong to the broad social and political movement to achieve greater
equality for women. As its governing ideology, feminism gives shape and direction to the women’s movement and, of course, is shaped by it. Women seek equality in
all spheres of life and use a broad array of strategies to achieve that goal. The researcher
also uses Guerin’s definition of feminism 1999:29. In its diversity, feminism is concerned with the marginalization of all women: that is,
with their being related to a secondary position. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
8
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW
This chapter consists of three sections: review on related studies, review on related theories, and theoretical framework. The first part contains study which has
already been conducted by others. The second part contains some theories used in analyzing the data. The last part contains the theoretical framework, discussing the
contribution of the related studies and the theories in answering the problem of the study and how they are applied in order to answer the problem.
A. Review of Related Studies
In order to support the analysis, a related study which more or less has the same topic or theme with this study are used. This related study are taken from other
undergraduate thesis and will be helpful for additional understanding of the researcher.
In Three Mothers, Three Daughters: Palestinian Women’s Stories, Michael Gorkin and Rafiqa Othman present six remarkable life narratives from Palestinian
women living in the Occupied Territories and Israel. Through the story, Michael Gorkin and Rafiqa Othman try to share the highly personal and diverse experiences
of these Palestinian Women. These Palestinian women have to deal with the situation of Israeli occupation and the traditional structuring of Palestinian society
that made them as inferior, treated unequal with men, and ruled by the Israel occupation. Besides that, these six women, especially the daughters portrayed the
other side of some of Palestinian women who can get the chance to become an independent, determined, and outspoken women, through the education levels they
experienced in. On the article titled Women and Education in Palestine: Is Education
Improving the Status of Women?, RASIT Royal Academy of Science International Trust discussed about how women should be educated in the right way.
I nternationally, women’s education is seen as a development necessity and
as a human right. Similarly, the United Nations Millennium Development Goals 2000 have included goals for improving education, gender equality and women’s
empowerment, while emphasi zing that women and girl’s education is essential in
building democratic societies and creating a platform for sustained economic growth. More importantly, education should serve as a means to improve women’s
status within their families and societies. These statements clearly emphasized that education must be given to especially women, because women also have rights to
get education as equal as men so that, they can support their economic life within families and societies.
The Palestinian people have viewed the education of future generation as a form of protest in responding
to the region’s on-going conflict, displacement, and upheaval and, appropriately, the education of women has thrived in recent years.
This commitment to education has resulted a combined male and female gross enrolment ratio of 82,4 for primary, secondary, and tertiary education UNDP,
2008. At the primary level, females have lower repetition and dropout rates; at the secondary level females routinely outnumber their male counterparts, as well as
