9
Kelola. The chair is District Bappeda. Unlike the PAC, the KTF had NGO representation. The KTF and the Provincial Working Group ensured that all levels of regional representation
were engaged in the CRMP’s work.
2.3. Institutionalization of Community-based Coastal Management in Minahasa District
As the four village MPAs took shape in Minahasa, the district and provincial governments, together with interagency groups such as the KTF and PAC, and other stakeholders, agreed
to develop a program to institute MPAs in other villages throughout Minahasa Crawford and Tulungen, 1999. Implementation proceeded sporadically through 2001 as a result of funding
variability and political shifts. The regional budget of North Sulawesi and Minahasa had been curtailed as a result of redistribution of funds pursuant to Act No. 251999. Nevertheless,
specific proposals were developed for replication and scaling-up in Likupang for 2001-2002 Kasmidi et al., 2002.
The link between this process and the development of a new law on coastal management was essential to the vision and the projected effectiveness of these efforts. The overarching
goal was to “enable the government to become an effective agent for coastal resource man- agement” CRC, 2002. This goal included enactment of a District Perda that would desig-
nate a lead agency for coastal resource management, and that would provide a clear man- date to assist communities to establish MPAs and other community-based resource man-
agement options.
10
3.1. Process
3.1.1. Initial Discussions and Issue Identification
ndividual members of the District parliament, DPRD, had been familiar with the CRMP’s work as the success of the Blongko MPA and the other village MPAs gained more attention.
In addition, four DPRD members one from each non-military political party sat on the KTF. The CRMP and the KTF had invited DPRD to participate in major CRMP and
community-based activities. At one KTF meeting in 2000, the discussion focused on the
need for additional government support for community MPAs. Several members of the DPRD invited CRMP and KTF staff, in February 2001, to make a presentation on the work of the
CRMP and the concept of community-based MPAs. Shortly thereafter, the CRMP arranged a trip to Blongko so that DPRD members could see firsthand the work there. During that trip,
the need for a District perda was again discussed. DPRD members visited coastal villages during March 2001, and held several meetings with CRMP staff during the spring. The support
for a Perda was strong, especially as a DPRD initiative.
The CRMP sought a formal commitment from DPRD in July 2001 regarding the develop- ment of a perda for coastal management. Staff from the Manado office arranged a meeting
with two representatives from each political party represented in the DPRD. During that meeting, CRMP staff presented a brief outline of the concept of a Perda. After all participants
discussed and agreed to the concept, it was decided that each member should sign a joint letter of commitment for initiating the development of a Perda. A letter of a commitment, to
be signed by 10 members of DPRD, is a prerequisite for initiating the development of a new Perda within DPRD.
The outline that was discussed during that meeting was very basic, and focused almost exclusively on the development of MPAs. The concept was to develop a Perda to promote
and encourage MPA replication among villages within Minahasa. This was the experience of both CRMP and the District until that time. It was a topic about which much information was
known, and had already proven to have positive results for the resource. The existing MPAs, particularly Blongko, had also generated significant public awareness locally and positive
media coverage nationally. The development of a Perda on MPAs seemed quite natural. After this meeting, a drafting team was formed that consisted of the original 10 members of
DPRD that signed the commitment letter, several CRMP staff, and several professors from the Faculties of Law and Fisheries at UNSRAT. The team met regularly through August and
September 2001 to complete a first draft.
The first draft, appearing on the CD on “Selected Documents from the Development of Coastal Management Laws”, focused almost exclusively on establishing MPAs within the District. It
included detailed provisions on criteria for site selection, methodologies for site selection,
3 Development of a New Law by
Minahasa Legislature
I
