ERROR ANALYSIS IN USING TENSE AUXILIARY MADE BY THE EIGHT GRADERS AT SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 8 BATU

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ERROR ANALYSIS IN USING TENSE AUXILIARY MADE BY

THE EIGHT GRADERS AT SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 8 BATU

THESIS

By:

SIHAB LAPOTO ADE POTRADINATA

06360175

ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

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ERROR ANALYSIS IN USING TENSE AUXILIARY MADE BY

THE EIGHT GRADERS AT SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 8 BATU

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve

Sarjana Degree in English Education.

By:

SIHAB LAPOTO ADE POTRADINATA

06360175

ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

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This thesis written by Sihab Lapoto Ade Potradinata was approved on April 30, 2011

By:

Advisor II, Advisor I,

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This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of the Teacher Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang

and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in Englih Education

on April 30, 2011

Approved by:

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Dean,

Drs. H. Fauzan, M.Pd.

Examiners: Signatures:

1. Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M 1. ………. …….. 2. Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M.Hum 2. ………. 3. Dra. Erly Wahyuni, M.Si. 3. .……… 4 Drs. Adi Loka Sujono, M.Pd. 4. ………..

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M OTTO AND DEDICATION

“Lord, pour upon us patience. M ake us firm of foot and give us victory against the nation of unbelievers”.

(QS. Al-Baqarah: 250)

“M ake hay while the sun shines”.

( I diomatic)

If you think can, so you can ( Kevin Sinclair )

Man jadda wajada

(Proverb)

Dedicated to:

M y beloved mother (Hadijah M ) M y beloved father (Din Kantari) M y lovely Grandma (Aminah) M y lovely sister (Anna Potriani)

M y Uncles and Aunts M y Friends M y Zeal and Dreams

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Alhamdulilah, All praises be to Allah, the merciful and charitable, because of his guidance, blessing and affection, the writer can finish this thesis.

The writer would like to express her deepest gratitude to Dra. Erly Wahyuni, M.Si., as the first advisor and Drs. Adiloka Sujono, M.Pd., as the second advisor for their suggestions and invaluable guidance and advice during the consultation period and their comments and corrections during the completion of the thesis.

His sincere gratitude and appreciation are also extended to all lectures of English Department who had taught and educating him during learning process. Besides, The Principal of SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Batu (Muhammad Syamsudi S,Pd) and the English teacher (Supriyati, S.Pd) who had permitted him to do a research in their institution.

Finally, special thanks goes to his beloved mother Hadijah Mukhtar (you are the best mother in my life, this thesis is dedicated for you) and father Sirajuddin Kantari who taught about the meaning of life, his beloved sister Anna Potri and grandmother Aminah for the silence prayer, Ani , and all his family and friends for their pray, support, motivation so that he can finish this thesis, special for his zeal and dreams in arousing his potency to finish this thesis.

Malang, April 30, 2011 Sihab Lapoto Ade Potradinata

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APPROVAL ……… iii

LEGALIZATION …..……… …… iv

MOTTO AND DEDICATION……… v

ABSTRACT ……….. vii

ACKNOWLEDMENTS ……… viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ……… ……… ix

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ………. 1

1.2 Statement of the Problems ……… 4

1.3 Purpose of the Study ……… 4

1.4 Significance of the Study ……… 4

1.5 Scope and Limitation ……… 5

1.6 Definition of Key Terms ……….. 5

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1Grammar ……… 6

2.2 Tense Auxiliary ……… 7

2.3 Kinds of Tense Auxiliary ………... 7

2.3.1 Be ………... 8

2.3.2 Have … ………... 8

2.3.3 Will/ Shall ……… 9

2.4 Definition of Errors ……….... 9

2.5 Error and Mistake ……… 11

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2.7 Error Analysis ……… 13

2.8 Classification of Errors ……….. 13

2.8.1 Error type Based on Linguistic Category ……… 14

2.8.2 Error type Based on Surface Strategy Taxonomy ……… 14

2.8.2.1 Omission ……….. 15

2.8.2.2 Addition ……….. 15

2.8.2.2.1. Double markings ……… 15

2.8.2.2.2. Regularizations ……… ……… 16

2.8.2.2.3. Simple addition ………. 16

2.8.2.3 Misformation ………. 17

2.8.2.4 Misordering ………. 17

2.8.3 Error Type Based on Comparative Taxonomy ……… 18

2.8.3.1 Developmental Errors ……… 18

2.8.3.2 Interlingual Errors ……… 18

2.8.4 Type Based on Communicative Effect Taxonomy ……… 19

2.8.4.1 Local Errors ……… 19

2.8.4.2 Global Errors………... 20

2.8.4.2.1 Wrong Order of major constituent ………. 20

2.8.4.2.2 Missing, wrong, or misplaced sentence connectors …. 20 2.8.4.2.3 Missing student’s proposal obligatory exception to pervasive syntactic rules……….. 21

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rules to exception………. 21

2.9 Errors in Tense Auxiliary ……… 21

2.9.1 Simple Deletion in using “be” ……… 21

2.9.2 Misformation in adding-ed ……… 22

2.9.3 Omission in main verb ……… 22

2.9.4 Double markings in using “be” ……… 22

2.9.5 Misformation in present replaced by past ……… 22

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ……….. 23

3.2 Population and Sample ……… 23

3.3 Data Collection ……… 24

3.3.1 Research Instrument ……… 24

3.3.1.1 Reliability ………... 25

3.3.1.2 Validity ……… 26

3.3.2 Result of Try out ……… 27

3.3.3 Procedure of Data collection ………. 29

3.4 Data analysis ………. 29

CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Research Findings ……… 31

4.1.1 Errors in Using Tense Auxiliary ……… 31

4.1.1.1 Omission ……… 33

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4.1.1.3 Misformation ……… 35

4.1.1.4 Misusing ……… 36

4.1.2 Frequency of the Errors ……….……….. 37

4.2Discussion ……… 38

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion ……… 40

5.2 Suggestion ……… 41 BIBLIOGRAPHY ……… APPENDIX ………

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ary, Donald. 2002. Introduction to Research in Education. Northern. Illino University.

Best, John W. 1981. Research in Education,4th Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.

Brown. H.Douglas. 1994. Principle of Language Learning and Teaching.Fourth Edition. San Fransisco. State University: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Celce-Murcia. Marianne and Larsen-Freeman, Diane. 1983. The Grammar Book an

ESL/ EFL teachers course. Rowley: Newbury House Publishers, Inc.

Chairunnida.2004. Error Analysis on the English Complex Sentences by the Sixth

Semester of English Departement Student at UMM. Unpublished thesis. UMM

Corder, S.P. 1984. The Significance of the Learners Errors. In Jack C. Richard (Ed).

Error Analysis: Perspective on Second Language Acquisition. London:

Longman Group.

Dulay, H., Burt Marina and Krashen Stephen. 1982. Language Two. New York:Oxford University Press, Inc.

Frank, Marcella. 1972. Modern English: a Practical reference guide. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.

Gay, L. R. 2003. Educational Research. Competencies for analysis and Application.

Seventh Edition: United States of America: Pearson Education. Inc Heaton, J. B.I984. Writing English Language Test. London: Longman Group.

McMillan, H. James, Sally Schumacher. 1992. Research Education, 3rd edition. New York: Haper Collins College Published.

Murphy, Raymond. 1998. English Grammar in Use: A reference and Practice book for Elementary Students of English. Second edition. Cambridge University Press.

Radford, Andrew. 1990. Transformational Grammar A First Course. New York: Cambridge University Press.

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Richard, Jack. 1974. Error Analysis: Perspective on Second Language Acquisition. Harlow. Longman Group

Suhartatik. 2004. Errors in Constructing Adjective Clause made by the fourth

semester students of English Department at UMM. Unpublished thesis.UMM.

Sudijono. Anas. 2005. Pengantar Evaluasi Pendidikan. Jakarta: PT.Raja Grafindo Persada.

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problems, purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of key terms. Each section is presented as follows.

1.1 Background of the Study

As a mean of communication, language plays important roles in human’s life. People use language to communicate with others and to share ideas, thought feeling and information. English as an international language becomes widely used throughout the world. The users of English both native speakers and non-native speakers becomes ever more numerous and unrelated to the nationality of the speakers or the writers. English becomes a window on the world of science and technology. Moreover because of the increasing telecommunication recently, English becomes dominant in the international media, such as radio, TV, magazine, newspaper and internet. In Indonesia, the status of English is a foreign language. English is learnt as a subject in school. English is introduced from elementary school up to university as well. At the time, in which students already have the knowledge of Indonesian rules. So, when Indonesian students construct English sentences, they are often interfered by the Indonesian grammatical rules.

Grammar is the study of words and their function. It is no doubt that grammar is a very important part of language. Students of foreign language have to master

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grammar in order to know how to use the target language correctly and acceptably because it is very difficult for the students to produce sentences or utterances in speaking or writing without knowing the grammar of the language itself.

Mastering grammar and using correct grammar is not easy because English and Indonesian grammar have different systems. Therefore, not all students who learn English are able to use grammar correctly. In fact, in learning any language including English, the students cannot avoid making mistakes and often make errors.

Suhartatik (2004) who studied” The students’ Errors in Constructing Adjective Clause” found out the fourth semester of English Department of University of Muhammadiyah Malang still made many errors in Adjective clause (75,68%). The errors were addition, misformation, and misordering. On the other hand, Chairunnida (2004) who studied about “Error Analysis on the English Complex Sentences by the Sixth Semester Students of English Departement at UMM” still have problems, and highest of occurrence is to omission (52%), followed by addition (32%), followed by misformation (14%) and misordering (2%).

When the researcher did teaching program (PPL) at SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Batu, he found many simple mistakes in auxiliary made by students, for example in using tense auxiliary, students wrote, “She beautiful” or” he sick yesterday”. Since the researcher anxiously wants to analyze the students’ errors in using auxiliary especially in “tense auxiliary”.

Auxiliary is one aspect of grammar. It is a part of speech in English. It is a basic knowledge of English. So, it should be mastered by students. Thus, it is introduced to students since beginning level. Students’ ability in auxiliary especially in using tense auxiliary is a basic ability that supports students’ skill in English.

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Tense auxiliary is one type of auxiliaries. Tense auxiliary is the difficult grammatical component in learning English as English for Second Language (ESL)/ English Foreign Language (EFL) because the students found some difficulties in determining it in sentence. The students forgot add “be” when they use tense auxiliary. Therefore, this research focuses on the use of tense auxiliary because it is the basic skill to write in English and how the students use the “tense auxiliary” in daily life practically and correctly.

The eighth graders of SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Batu have already got the four basic English: speaking, writing, listening, reading and basic components of English such as grammar and vocabulary for a year when they were in the first year of junior high school. So, the researcher chooses them for his research in error analysis in using tense auxiliary. To get the data about students’ errors, the researcher uses a certain test. The test is used to analyze the students’ errors in using tense auxiliary. By the test, students make the print note that is easy to analyze and it shows whether they are good or not in using tense auxiliary.

Based on the explanation, the researcher considers that administrating test is important to analyze the students’ errors in using tense auxiliary. The test is focused on the learners who are learning English at the moment of the study in order to know their problem earlier. The researcher chooses SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Batu students; not the senior high school or higher than them as the population of the study because he considers they are fit enough related to the level of this research.

Based on the background above, the research is interested in studying students’ errors in using tense auxiliary. By understanding and knowing the students’ errors, it is expected that the teacher can improve the teaching skill, and overcome the errors.

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1.2 Statement of the Problem

Considering the background of the study above, the problems are formulated as follows:

1. What are the errors made by the eighth graders in using tense auxiliary at SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Batu?

2. How is the frequency of the errors made by the eighth graders in using tense auxiliary at SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Batu?

1.3 Purpose of Study

Based on the statements of the problems above, the purposes of the study are: 1. To know the errors made by the eighth graders in using tense auxiliary at SMP

Muhammadiyah 8 Batu.

2. To know the frequency of the errors made by the eighth graders in using tense auxiliary at SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Batu.

1.4 Significanece of the Study

The results of this study are expected to be useful for the following groups:

1. For English Teacher: The outcomes will contribute to the teaching of grammar, especially tense auxiliary, practically it serves as feedback for determining the sequence of presentation of the target items in the classroom, choosing material, and determining the appropriate the teaching techniques.

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2. For the students: The findings give knowledge about tense auxiliary and help them in recognizing their own weakness and motivate them in improving their competence in using the target language especially in using tense auxiliary.

3. For the following researcher, the findings encourage them to dig out the other aspect of tense auxiliary.

1.5 Scope and Limitation

Because of the limited time, this study is focused on the students’ error in using tense auxiliary (Be, have/has, will-shall) based on surface structure taxonomy. They are chosen as the object of this study because those auxiliary can be used in present, past and future form. The limitation of this study is the eighth graders at SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Batu because they have already got and learn about it.

1.6 Definition of Key terms

To avoid misunderstanding, the definition of the key terms is presented as follows:

 Error is noticeable deviation from the adult grammar of a native speaker, reflecting the interlanguage competence of the learner (Brown, 1994)

 Mistake is refer to a performance is refer to a performance error that is either a random guess or a “slip” in that it is refer to utilize a known a system correctly (Brown,1994)

 Frequency of the error is the errors that exist repeatedly done by students.

 Tense Auxiliary is an auxiliary verb (helping verb) that relates to the time a verb action is performed (Veit: 1986)

 SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Batu is the name of private school, which is located in Batu, East Java.

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Richard, Jack. 1974. Error Analysis: Perspective on Second Language Acquisition. Harlow. Longman Group

Suhartatik. 2004. Errors in Constructing Adjective Clause made by the fourth semester students of English Department at UMM. Unpublished thesis.UMM. Sudijono. Anas. 2005. Pengantar Evaluasi Pendidikan. Jakarta: PT.Raja Grafindo

Persada.

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Grammar is the study of words and their function. It is no doubt that grammar is a very important part of language. Students of foreign language have to master

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Tense auxiliary is one type of auxiliaries. Tense auxiliary is the difficult grammatical component in learning English as English for Second Language (ESL)/ English Foreign Language (EFL) because the students found some difficulties in determining it in sentence. The students forgot add “be” when they use tense auxiliary. Therefore, this research focuses on the use of tense auxiliary because it is the basic skill to write in English and how the students use the “tense auxiliary” in daily life practically and correctly.

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1.2 Statement of the Problem

Considering the background of the study above, the problems are formulated as follows:

1. What are the errors made by the eighth graders in using tense auxiliary at SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Batu?

2. How is the frequency of the errors made by the eighth graders in using tense auxiliary at SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Batu?

1.3 Purpose of Study

Based on the statements of the problems above, the purposes of the study are: 1. To know the errors made by the eighth graders in using tense auxiliary at SMP

Muhammadiyah 8 Batu.

2. To know the frequency of the errors made by the eighth graders in using tense auxiliary at SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Batu.

1.4 Significanece of the Study

The results of this study are expected to be useful for the following groups:

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3. For the following researcher, the findings encourage them to dig out the other aspect of tense auxiliary.

1.5 Scope and Limitation

1.6 Definition of Key terms

To avoid misunderstanding, the definition of the key terms is presented as follows:

 Error is noticeable deviation from the adult grammar of a native speaker, reflecting the interlanguage competence of the learner (Brown, 1994)

 Mistake is refer to a performance is refer to a performance error that is either a random guess or a “slip” in that it is refer to utilize a known a system correctly (Brown,1994)

 Frequency of the error is the errors that exist repeatedly done by students.

 Tense Auxiliary is an auxiliary verb (helping verb) that relates to the time a verb action is performed (Veit: 1986)

 SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Batu is the name of private school, which is located in Batu, East Java.

ERROR ANALYSIS IN USING TENSE AUXILIARY MADE BY THE EIGHT GRADERS AT SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 8 BATU

ERROR ANALYSIS IN USING TENSE AUXILIARY MADE BY

THE EIGHT GRADERS AT SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 8 BATU

THESIS

By:

SIHAB LAPOTO ADE POTRADINATA

06360175

ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

ERROR ANALYSIS IN USING TENSE AUXILIARY MADE BY

THE EIGHT GRADERS AT SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 8 BATU

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve

Sarjana Degree in English Education.

By:

SIHAB LAPOTO ADE POTRADINATA

06360175

ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

M OTTO AND DEDICATION

“M ake hay while the sun shines”.

( I diomatic)

Man jadda wajada

(Proverb)

Dedicated to:

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Parts

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