Narrative Structure in A Beautiful Mind

Sylvia Nasar, a story of John Forbes Nash Jr., the mathematics genius who formulated the concept of game theory, which became a foundation for contemporary economics. During the Cold War 50 , Nash develops schizophrenia and he becomes delusional and paranoid. Finally, he recovers and wins a 1994 Nobel Prize. A Beautiful Mind DVD’s cover features a picture of face of a man with tense, curious, and in sharp looking into the window see Appendix 3. It is important to analyze the structure of the story in A Beautiful Mind. Phillips 1996 said that the structure of the story is important to understand narrative film. The writer applies the structure in fictional film that Phillips has explained in the book Film: An Introduction, they are “characters, goals, and conflicts”, to understand the narrative in A Beautiful Mind. The protagonist in A Beautiful Mind is John Nash, who is also the main character in the film. The film begins in 1948 when Nash arrives at Princeton University as a recipient of the prestigious Carnegie Prize for mathematics. He meets his roommate Charles, a literature student, who soon becomes his best friend. He struggles to find an original idea to get his doctorate. He becomes obsessive in the competitive academic environment. He keeps to himself for the most part—an intensely unsociable man—and only occasionally finds himself interacting with a group of other promising math and science graduate students, Martin Hansen, Sol, and Bender. 50 Cold War is the term used to describe the state of conflict, tension, and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union USSR and their respective allies from the mid- 1940s to the early 1990s. Throughout this period, rivalry between the two superpowers was expressed through military coalitions, propaganda, espionage, weapons development, industrial advances, and competitive technological development, e.g., the space race. Both superpowers engaged in costly defense spending, a massive conventional and nuclear arms race, and numerous proxy wars. The first conflict happen when Nash challenged to play Go by Hansen. During the game they are talking about Bender and Sol who correctly completed Allens proof of Peyrots Conjecture. Hansen has got two weapons briefs under security review by the D.O.D., while Nash has not published his paper yet. The game end with Nash’s lost. To find his original idea, Nash spends days on end in the campus library, works out dense calculations on the leaded-glass windows of his dorm room and library, and dismisses classroom instructions. Another conflict happens when Nash flubs a conversation with an attractive woman in a bar. However, the experience is what ultimately inspires his fruitful work in the concept of governing dynamics , a theory in mathematical economics . Later, he is rewarded a job with an important defense company, where he eventually works for high-class government operations at Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT, along with his friends Sol and Bender. While taking a research and teaching position at MIT, Nash meets a gorgeous physics student named Alicia. He is also approached by a mysterious government recruiter named William Parcher, who persuades him to work as an enemy code-breaker. Nash and Alicia begin dating, and despite of his lack of his social skills, their relationship grows and soon they marry. Nash’s job becomes increasingly dangerous. After being chased by the Russians and an exchange of gunfire, Nash becomes increasingly paranoid and begins to behave erratically. While giving a lecture, Nash realizes that he is being watched by a hostile group of people. Although he attempts to flee, he is forcibly sedated and sent to a psychiatric facility . Nash is convinced that he has been hallucinating . The Department of Defense agent William Parcher and Nashs secret assignment to decode Soviet messages was in fact all a delusion . Even more surprisingly, Nashs friend Charles and his niece Marcee are also only products of Nashs mind. He is paranoid schizophrenia. He realizes that a split has occurred, that what seems real to him is not. The mind that served him so well and so brilliantly is now betraying him. Nash observing the ways in which he copes with his illness together with Alicia as the wife who always forgave, always encouraged and ultimately brought her husband back to life. He recovers and wins a 1994 Nobel Prize The structure of the story in A Beautiful Mind use standard pattern. In A Beautiful Mind John Nash as the main character tries to reach his goal by finding his own original idea. At same point he does not realize that he is schizophrenic. He faces all the problems and finally reaches his goal. He overcomes schizophrenia and attains a true sense of accomplishment by winning a Nobel Prize. The plot and story is in chronological structure although there is a flashback. The story is ingenious way because it manages to keep the viewer as much in the dark as the main character, John Nash. The viewer will not realize that Charles, Parcher, and Marcee are not real because the filmmaker utilizes the cinematic techniques to support the narrative the cinematic techniques of A Beautiful Mind will be explained in details later.

B. The Cinematic Techniques in A Beautiful Mind

1. Mise-en-scène in Time and Space a. Mise-en-scène in Time

Philips 1999 explained that time in all fictional film are imprecise. 51 Bordwell 1993 also explained that the importance of time in a film is related to causes and their effects in narrative. Bordwell has divided time into two parts; they are temporal order and temporal duration. 52 Both Philips and Bordwell emphasize the important of time to construct the film’s story. To understand A Beautiful Mind, time becomes important thing because a plot uses film techniques to manipulate time. A Beautiful Mind is release in 2001 but it tells a story that takes place over about forty years from 1940s to 1990s. To construct the viewer’s perspective about time in the film, the director uses mise-en-scène in detail to transform the world in which Nash’s lives. It is the director’s effort to help the viewer to understand the plot time and the story time as a whole. Howard uses inter titles in the film to manipulate the time for example, Figure 1 and 2. These inter titles guide the viewer to the development of Nash’s life. By manipulating time will support the narrative and shaping the viewer’s sense of time in A Beautiful Mind see Appendix 3 for mise-en-scène in time and space. 51 William H. Phillips 1999, op. cit. p. 304. 52 David Bordwell and Kristin Thompson 1993, op. cit. p. 70-71. Figure 1 Figure 2 From the Figures above, Figure 1 shows the time on September 1947 which Nash arrives at Princeton University. Figure 2 shows the time in 1953 at the Pentagon. By cutting and special effect techniques, Howard also compressed the story time. We can see the season changes in short time by those technique while Nash is doing his thesis. A crane shot moves backward from medium long shot to extreme long shot of Nash Figure 3, 4, 5, and 6. The frame shows the season changes from winter to summer. Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6